• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.694-697
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• 2000

Laying hens kept in different light and dark periods of the day at high ambient temperature of maximum $35^{\circ}C$ were challenged to $38.5{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ acute heat 3 hours daily for 7 consecutive days. They were found to have a significant (p<0.01) acclimatization response (rectal temperature) to heat stress during the dark period compared to those exposed to the same temperature during the light period. The blood pH was not significantly different. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide ($PCO_2$) was significantly high (p<0.01) except in day 4. Similarly the blood bicarbonate ($HCO_3$) concentration was significantly high (p<0.05) except day three and day four. Acute heat exposure in the first day increased the body temperature in both groups (Light and Dark) reaching $44^{\circ}C$, followed by gradual reduction in body temperature. The dark treated birds showed rapid reduction in body temperature ($42.88^{\circ}C$) and adaptation to high temperature during days 2-4 but that this was lost to some extent in days 6-8. However this was not obvious in the light treated birds. It is concluded that darkness reduce hyperthermia and enhance acclimatization responses during acute heat stress.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2001

석유화학플랜트에서 다량 부산되는 가연성 고체인 PP(Polypropylene) 및 LLDPE(Linear low density polyethylene)의 열적특성과 압력용기를 이용하여 산화제와의 혼촉위험성을 조사하였다. 시차주사열량계 및 열중량 분석기를 이용하여 온도에 따른 발열개시온도 및 중량감소를 조사하였고, PP 및 LLDPE의 혼촉위험성을 살펴보고자 소방법상 제1류 위험물로 분류되고 있는 몇 가지 대표적인 산화성 고체와 혼합하여 무게비에 따른 압력용기 내에서의 혼촉위험성을 조사하였다. 또한 가스농도 측정기를 이용하여 PP 및 LLDPE에 대한 연소생성물의 농도를 측정하였다. DSC분석 결과 열분해에 따른 발열 피크가 PP의 경우 220~$250^{\circ}c$ 부근에서 나타나고 있으며, TGA분석결과 PP 및 LLDPE의 분해온도는 각각 200~$350^{\circ}c$, 300~$500^{\circ}c$ 범위이다. 압력용기 시험에 의한 산화제와 PP 및 LLDPE 분진의 혼촉위험성은 오리피스 직경이 감소할수록, 산화제와의 혼촉 무게비가 증가할수록 그리고 시료의 분해온도와 산화제의 분해온도가 비슷한 경우 흔촉위험성이 크게 나타났다. 또한 시료의 연소가스 분석결과 PP의 경우 LLDPE보다 상당히 많은 양의 일 산화탄소가 발생하는 반면 LLDPE가 PP보다 더 많은 양의 이산화탄소 가스를 발생하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.342-351
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 $CO_2$ 포집 및 저장에 필요한 에너지 소비를 최소화하기 위해 $25-65^{\circ}C$ 범위의 온도 및 대기압에서 비교적 높은 $CO_2$ 조성을(15-50 vol%) 갖는 가스 중 $CO_2$를 고정화하기 위해 규회석($CaSiO_3$)-증류수 및 초산 현탁액을 이용한 직접적 습식 탄산염 광물화를 수행하여, 각 현탁액에서의 Ca 침출률과 $CO_2$ 흡수 특성 및 탄산화율에 대해 규명하였다. 규회석-증류수 현탁액의 탄산화 결과 규회석 표면에 고정화된 탄소를 확인하였고 $CO_2$ 조성이 높을수록 저장량은 선형적으로 증가하며 $CO_2$ 조성이 50%일 때 규회석 내 Ca 침출률은 13.2%, 탄산화율은 약 10.4%지만 같은 조건에서 규회석-초산 현탁액의 침출률은 약 63%, 탄산화율은 1.39%로 확인되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2016

This experimental study was aimed to estimate interfacial tension of brine-$CO_2$ by using a pendant bubble method and image analysis. Measurements were performed for wide ranges of temperatures, pressures, and salinities covering reservoir conditions in Pohang basin, a possible candidate for $CO_2$ storage operation in Korea. The profiles of $CO_2$ bubbles in brine obtained from image analysis with the densities of brine and $CO_2$ from previous studies were applied to Laplace-Young equation for calculating interfacial twnsion in brine-$CO_2$ system. The experimental results reveals that the interfacial tension is significantly affected by reservoir conditions such as pressure, temperature and water salinity. For conditions of constant temperature and water salinity, the interfacial tension decreases as pressure increases for low pressures (P < $P_c$), and approaches to a constant value for high pressures. For conditions of constant pressure and water salinity, the interfacial tension increases as temperature increases for T < $T_c$, with an asymptotic trend towards a constant value for high temperatures. For conditions of constant pressure and temperature, the interfacial tension increases with increasing water salinity. The trends in changes of interfacial tension can be explained by the effects of the reservoir conditions on the density difference of brine and $CO_2$, and the solubility of $CO_2$ in brine. The information on interfacial tensions obtained from this research can be applied in predicting the migration and distribution of injecting and residual fluids in brine-$CO_2$-rock systems in deep geological environments during geological $CO_2$ sequestrations.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

The natural refrigerants have used into HVAC equipments because the CFCs and HFCs have some environmental problems like high ODP and GWP. The carbon dioxide has small effect on the environmental problem but also good thermodynamics properties. In this study, the simulation study on the performance and characteristics of a $CO_2$ gascooler and evaporator using a fin-tube and microchannel heat exchanger has been conducted. Besides, the comparison of performance with operating condition was carried out in order to apply to the $CO_2$ heat pump system. As a result, the front sizes of a gascooler and evaporator using a microchannel were decreased by 63% and 58%, respectively, compared to those using a fin-tube. The performance of the fin-tube gascooler and evaporator were more responsive to the variation of operating conditions compared to that of microchannel. The pressure drop of a fin-tube heat exchanger was higher than that of a microchannel one.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2001

The counter-diffusion of two gaseous substances permeating a polymeric membrane has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The aim of the study was to find mutual effects, if any, that could influence the permeability and diffusivity data. The experimental data were obtained with an isostatic permeameter operating at ambient pressure and 303 K: helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide methane were used as permeating gas at different partial pressure; helium or nitrogen as equilibrating or carrier gas. No evident mutual effect of the counter-diffusing gas was observed. The theoretical analysis gave some insight into the phenomena and it was concluded that at near-atmospheric pressures, and in the absence of swelling phenomena no mutual interaction exists. On a theoretical basis any mutual interaction between diffusing and counter-diffusing gases could only occur: i) at high pressures , when the free movement of permeating gas molecules within the polymer is hindered by the counter-diffusing gas; ii) when a large part of the free volume fraction is occupied by the counter--diffusing gas; iii) swelling phenomena modify the structure and free volume fraction of the polymer.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.1786-1795
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• 2021

Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE) is a widely used heat exchanger in the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) Brayton cycle because it can work under high temperature and pressure, and has been a hot topic in Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) projects for use as recuperators and condensers. Most previous studies focused on channel structures or shapes. However, no clear advancement has so far been seen in the allover size of the PCHE. In this paper, we proposed an optimal size of the PCHE with a fixed volume. Two boundary conditions of PCHE were simulated, respectively. When the volume of PCHE was fixed, the heat transfer rate and pressure loss were picked as the optimization objectives. The Pareto front was obtained by the Multi-objective optimization procedure. We got the optimized number of PCHE channels under two different boundary conditions from the Pareto front. The comprehensive performance can be increased by 5.3% while holding in the same volume. The numerical results from this study can be used to improve the design of PCHE with straight channels.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2001

동결 건조된 미역 가공 부산물로부터 색소 및 지방산의 추출 및 조건은 시료 30g, 압력 $10.3\~17.2MPa$, 유량 15mL/min와 온도 $30\~45^{\circ}C$에서 추출 실험을 실시하였다. 지방산의 경우 초임계 처리하지 않은 것에 비해 불포화 지방산의 함량이 높게 나타났고, 온도 $40^{\circ}C$의 조건에서 보조용매 (entrainer)로 에탄올을 첨가하여 압력의 변화에 따른 회수율을 실험한 결과 12.4MPa에서 최대 $92\%$의 회수율을 보였다. 그리고 압력이 증가하면서 초임계 이산화탄소에 대한 용질의 용해도가 감소하는 retrograde 현상이 나타났다 시료입자의 크기를 $500\~1,000{\mu}\;m$와 12.4MPa에서 온도의 변화를 주어 실험한 결과 입자의 크기 $500{\mu}m$가 $1000{\mu}m$에 비해 색소의 추출량이 1.8배정도 많았다 최적 조건 (압력 12.4MPa,온도 $35^{\circ}C$, 입자크기 $500{\mu}m$)에서 추출시간에 따른 chlorophyll a 함량을 비교한 결과 에탄올을 각각 3mL/min, 5mL/min 첨가하였을 때 모두 20분까지 함량이 증가한 후 감소하였으며, 최적 추출시간은 30분까지로 판단되었다. 유기용매 추출과 초임계 추출을 비교한 결과 유기용매로 48시간 추출시 chlorophyll a 함량이 150mg/L였지만 초임계로 1시간 추출시 최대 172mg/L로 약 $20\%$ 증가하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 초임계 이산화탄소 추출기술의 scale-up을 위한 기초 연구로서 추출 용량이 다른 두 종류의 초임계 추출장치를 사용하여 추출기 용량, 초임계 이산화탄소의 흐름방향, 캐놀라 씨앗 입자의 크기, 온도, 압력 등의 공정변수가 캐놀라 오일의 추출 속도와 수율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 분쇄된 씨앗의 입자 크기가 작을수록 추출 효율이 증가하였으며, 약 330 bar 이하의 압력에서는 온도가 증가함에 따라 추출 효율이 감소하고, 330 bar 이상의 압력 범위에서는 온도 증가와 함께 추출 효율이 증가하는 crossover 지점이 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 추출기의 용량을 10배 증가시킨 경우 추출용량이 추출 수율에 거의 영향을 미치지 않는 다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 초임계 이산화탄소가 추출기 아래에서 위로 흐르는 경우 반대 방향에 비해 추출 속도가 훨씬 더 높다는 사실을 확인하였다. 또한, 초임계 이산화탄소로 추출된 캐놀라 오일의 트리글리세라이드와 지방산의 조성은 유기용매 추출에 의해 얻은 오일의 조성과 비슷하였으며, 추출 시간이나 초임계 유체의 흐름 방향에 따라서도 오일 조성에 큰 변화가 없음을 확인하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.711-711
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• 2009

Global warming has been widely recognized as a serious problem threatening the future of human beings. It is caused by the buildup in the atmosphere of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Particularly, SF6 has extremely high global warming potential compare to those of other global warming gases. One option for mitigating this greenhouse gas is the development of an effective process for capturing and separating these gases from anthropogenic sources. In general, gas hydrates can be formed under high pressure and low temperature. However, SF6 gas is known to form hydrate under relatively milder conditions. Therefore, technological and economical effects could be expected for the separation of SF6 gas from waste gas mixtures. In this study, we carried out morphological study for the SF6 hydrate crystals to understand its formation and growth mechanisms. The observations were made in high-pressure optical cell charged with liquid water and SF6 gas at constant pressure and temperature. Initially SF6 hydrate formed at the surface between gas and liquid regions, and then subsequent dendrite crystals grew at the wall above the gas/water interface. The visual observations of crystal nucleation, migration, growth and interference were reported. The detailed growth characteristics of SF6 hydrate crystals were discussed in this study.