• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.1003-1010
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• 2008

The objective of the present study was to identify differences in the expression levels of liver proteins between healthy and ketotic cows, establish a liver metabolic interrelationship of ketosis and elucidate the metabolic characteristics of the liver during ketosis. Liver samples from 8 healthy multiparous Hostein cows and 8 ketotic cows were pooled by health status and the proteins were separated by two-dimensional-electrophoresis (2D-E). Statistical analysis of gels was performed using PDQuest software 8.0. The differences in the expression levels of liver proteins (p<0.05) between ketotic and healthy cows were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF-TOF) tandem mass spectrometry. Five enzymes/proteins were identified as being differentially expressed in the livers of ketotic cows: expression of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 (HCDH), acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT) and elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) were down-regulated, whereas that of alpha-enolase and creatine kinase were up-regulated. On the basis of this evidence, it could be presumed that the decreased expression of HCDH, which is caused by high concentrations of acetyl-CoA in hepatic cells, in the livers of ketotic cows, implies reduced fatty acid ??oxidation. The resultant high concentrations of acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl CoA would depress the level of ACAT and generate more ??hydroxybutyric acid; high concentrations of acetyl-CoA would also accelerate the Krebs Cycle and produce more ATP, which is stored as phosphocreatine, as a consequence of increased expression of creatine kinase. The low expression level of elongation factor Tu in the livers of ketotic cows indicates decreased levels of protein synthesis due to the limited availability of amino acids, because the most glucogenic amino acids sustain the glyconeogenesis pathway; thus increasing the level of alpha-enolase. Decreased protein synthesis also promotes the conversion of amino acids to oxaloacetate, which drives the Krebs Cycle under conditions of high levels of acetyl-CoA. It is concluded that the livers of ketotic cows possess high concentrations of acetyl-CoA, which through negative feedback inhibited fatty acid oxidation; show decreased fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis and protein synthesis; and increased gluconeogenesis and energy production.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
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• pp.97-100
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• 2001

CMAC model was proposed by Albus [6] to formulate the processing characteristics of the human cerebellum. Instead of the global weight updating scheme used in the back propagation, CMAC use the local weight updating scheme. Therefore, CMAC have the advantage of fast learning and high convergence rate. In this paper, simulate Color Calibration by CMAC in color images and design hardware by VHDL-base high-level synthesis.

• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.154-159
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• 2003

Semiconductor chip encapsulation process is employed to protect the chip and to achieve optimal performance of the chip. Expert decision-making to obtain the appropriate package design or process conditions with high yields and high productivity is quite difficult. In this paper, an expert system for semiconductor chip encapsulation has been constructed which combines a knowledge-based system with CAE software.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.2963-2968
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• 2014

We report synthesis and photovoltaic properties of two new conjugated copolymers, PCPDTQxF and PDTSQxF, with 6,7-difluoro-2,3-dihexylquinoxaline unit prepared by Stille coupling reaction. The advantage of 6,7-difluoro-2,3-dihexylquinoxaline based copolymer are high PCEs due to lower HOMO energy level, long wavelength absorption and high hole mobility. The solid films of PCPDTQxF and PDTSQxF showed absorption bands with maximum peaks at about 623 and 493 nm and the absorption onsets at 711 and 635 nm, corresponding to band gaps of 1.74 and 1.95 eV, respectively. The oxidation onsets of the PCPDTQxF and PDTSQxF polymers were estimated to be 0.68 and 0.95 V, which correspond to HOMO energy levels of -5.48 and -5.75 eV, respectively. The PDTSQxF has lower HOMO energy level as compared to PCPDTQxF to lead higher $V_{OC}$ value. The device comprising PCPDTQxF:PCBM (1:2) dissolved to a concentration of 1 wt % in ODCB showed $V_{OC}$ value of 0.62 V, $J_{SC}$ value of $1.14mA/cm^2$, and FF of 0.35, which yielded PCE of 0.25%.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권11호
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• pp.2973-2979
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• 1998

본 논문은 상위 수준 합성식의 자원 제약 조건하에서 파이프라인 데이타패스 합성을 위한 스케쥴링 알고리즘으로, 제안된 휴리스틱 알고리즘은 자원의 충돌수에 근거한 우선순위 함수를 사용한다. 자원 제약하에서 파이프라인 데이타패스 합성수를 정의하여 스케쥴링 한다. 제안 알고리즘은 실질적인 하드웨어 설계를 위해 체이닝, 멀티사이클링, 구조적 파이프라인이 지원되도록 한다. 제안 알고리즘에 의한 16 포인트 FIR 필터와 5차 엘립틱 웨이브 필터 합성 결과에 의해 다른 시스템들과의 성능을 비교하였으며, 대부분의 경우에 최적의 해를 찾을 수 있었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.116-125
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• 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dyslipidemia is considered at least partially responsible for the increased CVD risk in NAFLD patients. The aim of the present study is to understand how hepatic de novo lipogenesis influences hepatic cholesterol content as well as its effects on the plasma lipid levels. Hepatic lipogenesis was induced in mice by feeding a fat-free/high-sucrose (FF/HS) diet and the metabolic pathways associated with cholesterol were then analyzed. Both liver triglyceride and cholesterol contents were significantly increased in mice fed an FF/HS diet. Activation of fatty acid synthesis driven by the activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c resulted in the increased liver triglycerides. The augmented cholesterol content in the liver could not be explained by an increased cholesterol synthesis, which was decreased by the FF/HS diet. HMG-CoA reductase protein level was decreased in mice fed an FF/HS diet. We found that the liver retained more cholesterol through a reduced excretion of bile acids, a reduced fecal cholesterol excretion, and an increased cholesterol uptake from plasma lipoproteins. Very low-density lipoproteintriglyceride and -cholesterol secretion were increased in mice fed an FF/HS diet, which led to hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia in Ldlr-/- mice, a model that exhibits a more human like lipoprotein profile. These findings suggest that dietary cholesterol intake and cholesterol synthesis rates cannot only explain the hypercholesterolemia associated with NAFLD, and that the control of fatty acid synthesis should be considered for the management of dyslipidemia.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary salt on the synthesis of glucocorticoids in the adrenal cortex of mice. Mice had ad libitum access to 3% sodium chloride as the only drinking fluid (high salt diet) for either 4 days or 4 weeks. Adrenocortical expression of cytochrome P450 11beta-hydroxylase, a major regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of glucocorticoids, was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Ultrastructure of adrenocortical cell and plasma level of corticosterone were analyzed as well. Size and density of lipid droplets in the cortical cell were increased by high salt diet. Four days of high salt diet decreased P450 11beta-hydroxylase in the adrenal cortex, but 4 weeks increased it. Plasma level of corticosterone changed in parallel with the Cortical level of P450 11 beta-hydroxylase. These results suggest that high salt diet may modulate the biosynthesis of glucocorticoids, at least partly, via regulating the expression of P450 11beta-hydroxylase in adrenocortical cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1971

Iso-butyl bromide의 합성을 시작으로 D.L-1-amino-3-methylbutylphosphonic acid의 합성을, Diethyl phophite의 합성을 시작으로 D.L-1-amino-2-phenyl ethylphosphonic acid의 합성을 하였다. 합성되어진 필수 아미노산인 Isoleucine analogue phosphonic acid는 각각 0.2%, 0.4%를 식이에 첨가했고 Phenylalanine analogue phosphonic acid는 0.35%와 0.7%를 각각 첨가하였으며 Standard-1과 Standard-2군과 비교군인 Isoleucine 0.2%와 0.4% Phenylalanine 0.35%와 0.7%군으로써 총 100마리의 숫쥐로 각 7주씩 14주의 사육 실험을 하였다. 동물 사육 기간내의 뇨채취와 사육후의 각 장기의 채취로써 총 질소와 P, glycogen측정을 시도하였다. 이러한 일련의 실험결과 (1) D.L-1-amino-3-methylbuthylphosphonic acid나D.L-1-amino-2-phenylethylphosphonic acid의 유기 합성에 있어서는 다 수율이 낮고 상당히 높은 융점을 보였으며 ${\alpha}-NH_2$기가 Ninhydrin 반응에 예민했다. (2) Aminophosphonic acid의 첨가군(D.L-1-amino-3-methylbutyl phosphonic acid, D.L-1-amino-2-Phenylethylphosphonic acid)에서나 Amino acid(Isoleucine, Phenylalanine)첨가군에 있어서 모든 장기의 무게, 총체내질소 보유율, 간장내 총단백질량과 인의양, 및 뇨를 통한 인의 배설량에 각각 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이로 보아서 Phenylalanine Aminophosphonic acid나 Isoleucine aminophosphonic acid가 다 보통 아미노산인 Isoleucine이나 Phenylalanine에 못지않게 체내에서 이용됨이 밝혀졌다. (3) 그러나 Phenylalanine aminophosphonic acid 첨가군이 간의 glycogen 함량에 있어서 Phenylalanine 첨가군과 Standard군과 비교해 보았을때 높았으며 이는 통계적인 유의성을 나타냈다.(<0.05) 이는 Phenylalanine Aminophosphonic Acid가 active state로써 간내에서 쉽게 이용되어서 Tricarboxylic cycle의 intermediate로 incorporate되는 경향으로 생각 할 수 있다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2017

본 논문은 안개 제거 처리를 위한 전용의 하드웨어 가속기를 내장하는 고성능의 소프트웨어-하드웨어 통합 안개 제거 시스템의 설계 및 구현을 제시한다. 제시된 안개 제거 시스템에서 다크 채널 프라이어 기반의 안개 제거 처리는 전용의 하드웨어 가속기를 통해 처리되며, 영상의 입출력 및 가속기의 제어는 소프트웨어에 의해서 처리된다. 이를 위해 안개 제거 알고리즘에 내재된 병렬성을 발견하여 OpenCL 커널로 기술하고, 상위 수준 합성 기술을 이용해 하드웨어 가속기를 구현하였다. 기존의 소프트웨어 기반의 안개 제거 시스템과 제안하는 시스템의 성능을 비교한 결과, 동등한 안개 제거 품질을 보이면서도 전체 시스템 수행 시간이 최대 96.3% 단축되었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2010

본 논문은 기가 스케일 System on Chip(SoC)를 위한 통합 설계 및 검증 플랫폼을 제안한다. VLSI 집적도의 발달로 그 복잡도가 증가하여 기존의 RTL 설계 방식으로는 그 생산성 차이(Production Gap)를 극복할 수 없게 되었다. 또한, 검증 차이(Verification Gap)의 증가로 검증 방법론에도 커다란 변혁이 필요하게 되었다. 본 플랫폼은 기존의 상위 수준 합성을 포함하며, 그 결과물을 이용하여 저 전력 설계의 전원 인식 검증 플랫폼과 검증 자동화를 개발하였다. 상위 수준 합성 시 사용되는 Control and Data Row Graph (CDFG)와 고 입력인 상위 수준 언어와 RTL를 기반으로 한 검증 플랫폼 자동화와 전원 인식 검증 방법론을 개발하였다. 검증 플랫폼에는 자동 검사 기능을 포함하고 있으며 Coverage Driven Verification을 채택하고 있다. 특히 전원 인식 검증을 위하여 개발된 조건 랜덤 벡터 생성 알고리듬을 사용하여 랜덤 벡터의 개수를 최소 5.75배 감소시키는 효과를 가져왔고, 전원과 전원 셀에 대한 모델링 기법을 이용하여 일반적인 로직 시뮬레이터 툴을 통해서도 전원 인식 검증을 가능하게 하였다. 이러한 통합된 설계 및 검증 플랫폼은 시스템 수준의 설계에서 검증, 합성에 이르는 전 설계 흐름을 완전 자동화 하여 상위 수준의 설계와 검증을 가능하게 하고 있다.