• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.278-285
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• 2010

We examined the distribution of exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing bacteria population in rhizosphere soils of domestic medicinal herbs; Angelica sinensis, Atractytodes japonica, Achyranthes japonica, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and Astragalus membranaceus. Fifty-six percent of the total isolates from rhizosphere soil of Angelica sinensis were EPS producing bacteria, suggesting the dominance of EPS producing bacteria in rhizosphere soil of Angelica sinensis. EPS producing bacteria were enumerated in root system (rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane, inside of root) of Angelica sinensis. Bacterial density of rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane, and inside of root were distributed $9.0{\times}10^6CFU/g{\cdot}soil$, $7.0{\times}10^6CFU/g{\cdot}soil$, and $1.4{\times}10^3CFU/g{\cdot}soil$, respectively. EPS producing bacteria from rhizosphere soil were categorized into five major phylogenetic groups: Alphaproteobacteria (4 strains), Betaproteobacteria (6 strains), Firmicutes (2 strains), Actinobacteria (3 strains), and Bacteroidetes (1 strain) subdivisions. Also, the EPS producing isolates from rhizoplane were distributed as 7 strains in Alphaproteobacteria, 3 strains in Betaproteobacteria, 2 strains in Actinobacteria, 3 strains in Bacteroidetes, and 1 strain in Acidobacteria subdivisions. All of the EPS producing bacteria inside of root belong to genus Chitinophaga. Burkholderia caribiensis DR14, Terriglobus sp. DRP35, and Rhizobium hainanense SAP110 were selected in 112 EPS producing bacteria. These appeared to have produced high levels of exopolysaccharide 6,555 mpa.s, 3,275 mpa.s, and 1,873 mpa.s, respectively. The purified EPS was analyzed Bio-LC. As neutral sugars, glucose, galactose, mannose were detected and as amino sugars, galactosamine and glucosamine were detected. Especilally, analysis of Bio-LC showed that Rhizobium hainanense SAP110 produced glucose (60~89%) and glucosamine (8.5%) as major neutral sugar and amino sugar, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1999

Timosaponin A III, an active and major compound, was isolated from rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. The quantitative analysis of timosaponin AIII was performed by a high performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) method using ELSD and the useful extraction method for HPLC analysis was examined as well. This HPLC method can be utilized as the standard analytical method for the evaluation of the quality of Anemarrhena rhizoma in the steps of breeding and cultivation. Additionally, the HPLC analysis method can be useful for the evaluation of the quality of Anemarrhena rhizoma sold as a traditional medicine in current markets.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.335-339
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• 2010

A diesel-degrading bacterium, Gordonia sp. SD8, was isolated from soil contaminated with petroleum, and its diesel degradation was characterized in a soil as well as a liquid culture system. SD8 could grow in the mineral salt medium supplemented with diesel as a sole carbon and energy source. The maximum specific growth rate ($0.67{\pm}0.05\;d^{-1}$) and diesel degradation rate ($1,727{\pm}145$ mg-TPH $L^{-1}\;d^{-1}$) of SD8 showed at 20,000 mg-TPH $L^{-1}$ and $30^{\circ}C$, and then this bacterium could degrade high strength of diesel of 40,000 mg-TPH $L^{-1}$. The residual diesel concentration in the inoculated soil with SD8 was 3,724 mg-TPH kg-dry $soil^{-1}$ after 17 days, whereas the diesel concentration in the non-inoculated soil was $8,150{\pm}755$ mg-TPH kg-dry $soil^{-1}$. These results indicate that Gordonia sp. SD8 can serve as a promising microbial resource for the bioremediaion of contaminated soil with petroleum hydrocarbons including diesel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.692-696
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• 2001

To develop natural food preservatives, ethanol and water extracts were prepared from the coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and antimicrobial activities were examined against 10 microorganisms which were food borne pathogens and/or food poisoning microorganisms and food-related bacteria and yeasts. Ethanol extract exhibited antimicrobial activities for the microorganisms tested, but not on lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Especially, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus were as low as 0.25mg/mL. antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was not destroyed by the heating at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 15min and not affected by pH. The ethanol extract of coriander exhibiting high antimicrobial activities was fractionated in the order of hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol fractions to test antimicrobial activity. The highest antimicrobial activity adjust bacteria tested was found in the ethylacetate fraction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.379-388
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• 2011

Survey of mastitis management and incidence of mastitis in the Gyeongnam was started in May to September 2009 to solve mastitis problem statistically valid data for use in estimating mastitis management, isolation and antimicrobial drug susceptibility in 30 dairy farms having over 350,000/ml somatic cell count. In investigation on recognition of farmer about bovine mastitis, the ratio of understanding of differences between infectious and environmental origin, understanding of correlation between superbacteria and using indiscriminate, necessity of pathogen identification, and necessity of antimicrobial sensitivity tests were 80.0%, 73.3%, 33.3%, and 53.3%, respectively. In survey of mastitis management type, regular california mastitis test (CMT), conducting CMT test and empirical self-treatment, when detecting suspected cows, were 30.0%, 40.0%, and 46.7%, respectively. Checking and cleaning pulsators biweekly, cleaning vacuum system and replacing liners every 3~6 month, and getting milking system checked by engineers showed 80.0%, 76.7%, and 76.7% in the questionnaires, respectively. In recognition of farmer about milking hygiene for prevention of bovine mastitis, using individual towels, separated milking (milking order of cows), and teat-dipping disinfection after milking exhibited 13.3%, 86.7%, and 93.3%, respectively. In conclusion, through the questionnaires and laboratory test, we suggest that recognition of farmer about management and incidence of mastitis was very low, thus systemic educational program and public relations about mastitis management were need for dairy farmers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.1216-1224
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• 2017

Acetic acid bacteria strains were isolated from commercial natural vinegar. Ten isolated strains were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing data after evaluating the ethanol- and sulfur-tolerance. Eight of the strains isolated were identified as Acetobacter pasteurianus. A. pasteurianus JAC002, JAC005, and JAC008 strains, which showed a high ethanol tolerance, were selected for making "Makgeolli seed-vinegar". Rice wine vinegars were manufactured with the selected strains through fermentation, and their physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. A. pasteurianus JAC002 strain showed the highest oxidation ability to acetic acid from ethanol on the twentieth day of fermentation, resulting in 4.21% total acidity, 3,791.77 mg% acetic acid content, and 2,931.78 mg% ethanol consumption content. Rice wine vinegar manufactured with the A. pasteurianus JAC002 strain showed increased antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (KACC1927) and Escherichia coli (KACC10115). As a result, A. pasteurianus JAC002 strain was found to be the most suitable strain for "Makgeolli seed-vinegar".

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2013

Two strains were isolated from the traditional Deep Blue Sediment Dye of Polygoum tinctoria, Niram, and temporarily named Niram A and Niram B, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain Niram A and B were closely related to the members of the genus Comamonas and Microbacterium, respectively. Strain Niram A exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to C. aquatica LMG $2370^T$ (98.06%). Strain Niram B showed 100% homology with M. oxydans DSM 20578T and M. maritypicum DSM $12512^T$. The growth of the strain Niram A and B was not inhibited in Niram medium containing high calcium concentration without free sugar as carbon source. The reducing Niram is greenish. Therefore, the reducing ability on the Niram of the strains Niram A and B were determined with the color difference of the $a^*$ values of Niram fermented-fluids. The $a^*$ value indicates the level of redness (positive value) or greenness (negative value). The green color is increasing towards the negative value. In all samples fermented for 10 days, the $a^*$ values among samples were no significant difference. However, samples fermented for 15 days have an appreciable change. After fermentation for 15 days, the control Niram sample had $-3.96{\pm}0.02$ of the $a^*$ value. On the other hand, the Niram samples fermented with the strain Niram A and B showed $-4.20{\pm}0.02$ of the $a^*$ value and $-7.86{\pm}0.03$ of the $a^*$ value, respectively. In the reducing ability on the Niram, the strain Niram B was significantly better than the strain Niram A.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.810-820
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• 2016

This study is focused on the investigation of the genes which are induced by various stresses of the halophyte Salicornia herbacea. One of the factors influencing in the germination of Salicornia herbacea is salt stress. The highest germination rate was found in the condition without NaCl, and the upper limit of the NaCl concentration for the germination of Salicornia herbacea was 7%. The optimal temperature of $20^{\circ}C$showed a germination rate of 98%. Among genes induced by stress the 2CysPrx gene was cloned and analyzed for this study. The 2CysPrx gene has two cysteine conserved residues and is composed of 275 amino acids with molecular weight of 30.1kDa. The 2CysPrx gene appeared to be one copy in the genome and consists of 6 introns and 7 exons. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the highest transcription rate induced by NaCl and $H_2O_2$ appeared to be at the concentration of 3.5% NaCl and 40mM $H_2O_2$, respectively. The amount of transcript induced by high temperature($40^{\circ}C$) and $75{\mu}M$ of ABA was respectively highest. The gene at low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) appeared not to be expressed. We are conducting to clone other peroxyredoxin genes induced by various environmental stresses.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2002

To add genetic information to the conservation efforts on grey coral (Naemorhedus caudatus) in Korea, we investigated the pattern of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence (606 bp) of six specimens from two localities in Korea. The corresponding sequences of N. caudatus in China obtained from GenBank were also used. The nucleotide Tamura-Nei distances between each of four haplotypes of N. caudatus in Korea and the haplotype of N. caudatus in China varied from 0.0650 to 0.0803: N. caudatus revealed high level of sequence diversity in Bovidae. In N. caudatus in Korea, the distances among three haplotypes at Yanggu were 0.0151 to 0.0185, and it suggests that the genetic diversity of Yanggu population was decreased in low level. Moreover, the distances between each of three haplotypes at Yanggu and one haplotype at Samcheok were 0.0343 to 0.0489. It indicates that habitat isolation caused the continuous increase of genetic distance with geographic distance in N. caudatus, and various conservation plans for mitigating the loss of genetic diversity in Korea have to be in immediate action. To clarify the taxonomic status of N. caudatus, the sequence (276 bp) of N. goral available from GenBank were also utilized, and n goral was not distinct from N. caudatus. It suggests that they may be conspecific, but further analyses with additional specimens of two species are necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.207-222
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• 2003

As a material of metal-ceramic prosthesis, nickel as a form of Ni-Cr alloy has been used for many dental prostheses in many cases. However, several problems in use of the alloy have been revealed (ex ; tissue stimulation, skin allergy, hypersensitivity cytotoxicity and carcinogenecity). Little is known about nickel with respect to the relationship between Ni-prosthesis and gaining of Niresistance in oral microorganisms. The present study was undertaken to check whether use of Ni-prosthesis leads to occurrence of Ni-resistant microorganisms. So this study may suggest the possible relationships between the oral microorganisms and nickel-resistance in oral environment. Bacteria were isolated from the gingival crevicular fluid on the patients wearing Ni-Cr prosthesis. The isolated bacteria were tested fir their Ni-resistance in nickel containing media at different concentration from 3mM to 110mM. E. coli HB101 was used as control. The Ni-resistant bacteria were isolated and biochemically identified. The Ni-resistant bacteria were tested several biochemical, molecular-biological tests. Performed tests were : measuring the growth curve, antibiotic test, growth ability test in liquid media, isolation of the chromosome and plasmid, digestion of DNA by restriction enzyme, electrophoresis of chromosome and plasmid DNA, identification of Ni-resistant genes by the DNA hybridization. The results were as follows 1) The bacteria isolated from gingival crevicular fluid on the patients wearing Ni-Cr alloy prosthesis showed nickel-resistance. 2) The isolated microorganisms grew at nickel containing media of high concentrations (60mM-110mM). 3) Based on the biochemical tests, the isolated microorganisms were identified as Enterococcus faecalis(13 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae(1 case) and Enterobacter gergoviae(1 case). 4) Enterococcus faecalis expressed not only nickel resistance but also the multi-drug resistance to several antibiotics ; chloramphenicol, kanamicin, streptomycin, lincomycin, clindamycin, However, all strain showed the sensitivity against the tetracycline. 5) DNA hybridization result suggests that there is no homology between the previously known gene of nickel resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and chromosomal DNA of Enterococcus faecalis.