• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 두 품종의 원두커피와 이를 Monascus rubber 홍국균으로 발효시킨 원두커피 열수추출물의 체내 지질대사 개선 효과와 항비만 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 고지방 식이를 급여한 쥐에 커피추출물을 6주간 투여한 후 체중, 간 및 부고환 지방조직 무게, 혈액의 지질 농도 함량 등을 분석하였다. 실험 결과 HFD군에서는 고지방 식이로 인하여 체중이 유의하게 증가하였으나 커피추출물을 투여한 모든 실험군에서는 유의적으로 체중이 감소하였고 두 품종 중 에티오피아 모카 시다모 G2종을 홍국균으로 발효하였을 때 더 높은 체중 감소량을 보였다. 혈청 중성지방의 농도는 고지방 식이군이 정상 식이군에 비해 약 2배 정도 증가하였으나 커피추출물을 투여하였을 때 유의적으로 감소하였으며 부고환 지방 콜레스테롤 농도도 유의적으로 감소함을 보였다. LDL 콜레스테롤 저하효과 및 HDL 콜레스테롤 상승효과는 베트남 로부스타종에서만 관찰할 수 있었다. 본 실험결과 커피추출물이 고지방 식이를 급여한 쥐의 체중, 간 및 지방조직의 무게 감소와 더불어 혈장 및 간의 지질대사 개선에 긍정적으로 작용하는 유용한 체내 지질대사 개선 및 항비만 소재가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 또한 M. rubber 홍국균의 고체배양을 이용한 베트남산 로부스타 및 에티오피아 모카 시다모 G2 발효원두커피는 기능성 커피음료의 좋은 소재가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.144-153
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• 2017

It was demonstrated that Gangjihwan (DF), which is the herbal composition composed of Ephedra intermedia, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and Rheum palmatum, inhibits obesity and hepatic steatosis in high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of DF on visceral obesity, hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and the mechanism of actions involved in this process using in vivo and in vitro approaches. DF was extracted with water (DF-FW), 30% grain alcohol (DF-GA30), and 70% grain alcohol (DF-GA70). Administration of DF to HFD-fed control mice decreased visceral tissue mass and visceral adipocyte size without adverse effects. Visceral fat mass was decreased by DF-GA30 and DF-GA70, and visceral adipocyte size by all three DF extracts compared with obese control mice. Histological analysis revealed that three kinds of DF extracts reduced toluidine blue-stained mast cells and collagen accumulation in the liver, the extents of which were most eminent in DF-GA70-treated mice. DF-GA70 decreased the mRNA levels of the inflammation ($TNF{\alpha}$ and VCAM-1), fibrosis (${\alpha}-SMA$), and apoptosis (caspase 3) genes, but increasing the anti-apoptosis gene (Bcl-2) mRNA levels in the liver of obese control mice. Consistent with the in vivo data, GA-70 also altered the expression of inflammation genes ($TNF{\alpha}$ and MCP-1) in HepG2 cells. These results indicate that DF not only inhibits visceral obesity, but also ameliorates visceral obesity-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and that this process may be mediated by regulating the hepatic expression of inflammatory and fibrogenic genes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2009

민간요법 중에서 비만 치료에 사용되는 4종의 식물인 지유, 옥발, 적하수오 및 삼백초를 동량으로 혼합하여 10배의 물을 사용하여 가열추출 후 감압농축 하여 HEM을 조제하였고, 이렇게 조제된 HEM을 사용하여 $0{\sim}100{\mu}g$/mL 농도로 3T3-L1의 지방축적 억제율을 측정한 결과 농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 동일 농도에서 세포독성은 없었다. 또한 지방 축적에 관여하는 효소인 GPDH의 활성을 억제함으로써 세포내 지방이 축적되는 것을 억제하였다. 5주간의 동물실험 결과 대조군과 비교하여 HEM1과 HEM2군 모두 체중 변화와 식이효율이 줄어드는 것으로 나타났으며, 혈액 분석에서 HEM군은 혈중 중성지방과 총콜레스테롤에 효과를 보이지 않았다. 해부학적인 측면에서 부고환 및 신장 주위의 지방무게와 간 무게 또한 낮았다. 이러한 결과를 통해, 본 실험에서 사용한 생약복합물은 항비만 소재로써 체지방 축적억제에 효과성이 있음을 확인하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of aged black garlic (ABG) in rodent models of liver injury. ABG inhibited carbon tetrachloride-induced elevation of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), which are markers of hepatocellular damage, in SD rats. D-galactosamine-induced hepatocellular damage was also suppressed by ABG treatment. However, ABG does not affect the elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a marker of hepatobilliary damage, in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride or D-galactosamine. We also examined the effect of ABG on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver and subsequent liver damage. ABG had no significant effect on body weight increase and plasma lipid profile in HFD-fed mice. However, HFD-induced increase in AST and ALT, but not ALP, was significantly suppressed by ABG treatment. These results demonstrate that ABG has hepatoprotective effects and suggest that ABG supplementation might be a good adjuvant therapy for the management of liver injury.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.20-33
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• 2020

Objective: The differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) in terms of their adverse effects on male reproductive parameters have never been elucidated. This study aimed to distinguish between the effects of the DM types in mice treated with multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ) to mimic human T1DM and coadministered a high-fat diet (HFD) to mimic human T2DM. Methods: The T1DM mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ (40 mg/kg body weight) for 5 days. The T2DM mice received an HFD for 14 days prior to STZ injection (85 mg/kg body weight), followed by continuous feeding of an HFD. Male reproductive parameters were evaluated. Results: The reproductive organs of the DM mice weighed significantly less than those of controls, and the seminal vesicles plus prostates of the T1DM mice weighed less than those of the T2DM mice. Increased sperm abnormalities and incomplete DNA packaging were observed in the DM groups. Sperm concentration and the proportion of normal sperm were significantly lower in the T1DM group. The seminiferous histopathology of DM mice was classified into seven types. The penises of the DM mice were smaller than those of the controls; however, tunica albuginea thickness and the amount of penile collagen fibers were increased in these mice. Round germ cells were abundant in the epididymal lumens of the mice with DM. Conclusion: T1DM adversely affected reproductive parameters to a greater extent than T2DM.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.19.1-19.20
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• 2022

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection causes acute pancreatitis and myocarditis. However, its pathophysiological mechanism is unclear. Here, we investigated how lipid metabolism is associated with exacerbation of CVB3 pathology using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with 1×10⁶ pfu/mouse of CVB3 after being fed a control or HFD to induce obesity. Mice were treated with mitoquinone (MitoQ) to reduce the level of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS). In obese mice, lipotoxicity of white adipose tissue-induced inflammation caused increased replication of CVB3 and mortality. The coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor increased under obese conditions, facilitating CVB3 replication in vitro. However, lipid-treated cells with receptor-specific inhibitors did not reduce CVB3 replication. In addition, lipid treatment increased mitochondria-derived vesicle formation and the number of multivesicular bodies. Alternatively, we found that inhibition of lipid-induced mtROS decreased viral replication. Notably, HFD-fed mice were more susceptible to CVB3-induced mortality in association with increased levels of CVB3 replication in adipose tissue, which was ameliorated by administration of the mtROS inhibitor, MitoQ. These results suggest that mtROS inhibitors can be used as potential treatments for CVB3 infection.

• 한국임상수의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국임상수의학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.70-70
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• 2008

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.519-529
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• 2017

Sodium butyrate (SB) has various metabolic actions. However, its effect on dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) needs to be studied further. We aimed to evaluate the metabolic actions of SB, considering its physiologically relevant concentration. We evaluated the effect of SB on regulation of DPP-4 and its other metabolic actions, both in vitro (HepG2 cells and mouse mesangial cells) and in vivo (high fat diet [HFD]-induced obese mice). Ten-week HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were subjected to SB treatment by adding SB to HFD which was maintained for an additional 16 weeks. In HepG2 cells, SB suppressed DPP-4 activity and expression at sub-molar concentrations, whereas it increased DPP-4 activity at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}M$. In HFD-induced obese mice, SB decreased blood glucose, serum levels of insulin and $IL-1{\beta}$, and DPP-4 activity, and suppressed the increase in body weight. On the contrary, various tissues including liver, kidney, and peripheral blood cells showed variable responses of DPP-4 to SB. Especially in the kidney, although DPP-4 activity was decreased by SB in HFD-induced obese mice, it caused an increase in mRNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$. The pro-inflammatory actions of SB in the kidney of HFD-induced obese mice were recapitulated by cultured mesangial cell experiments, in which SB stimulated the secretion of several cytokines from cells. Our results showed that SB has differential actions according to its treatment dose and the type of cells and tissues. Thus, further studies are required to evaluate its therapeutic relevance in metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2021

Objectives : AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key metabolic regulator that reduces lipogenesis. AMPK is mainly activated via phosphorylation of liver kinase B (LKB) 1 under energy stress. Here, we highlighted the anti-obesity effect and underlying mechanism of Coix lacryma-jobi var. mayuen Stapf sprout water extract (CSW) sprout extract in connection with the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Methods : C57BL/6 mice (20~25 g) fed HFD to induce obesity and at the same time administered CSW 100 mg/kg (CSWL; (CSWL; CSW low concentration) or CSW 200 mg/kg (CSWH; CSW high concentration) or Garcinia extract (Garcinia) 200 mg/kg orally for 6 weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured at the same time each day. After 6 weeks of CSW administration, liver tissue and serum were obtained through an autopsy. After the end of the experiment, biochemical analysis (triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol) was performed on the serum. And then, protein levels related to TG and TC synthesis were measured through western blot analysis in liver tissue. Results : As a result, serum TG, TC, and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the control group and significantly decreased in the CSW administration group. On the other hand, the HDL-cholesterol level was increased in the CSW-administered group. And as a result of Western blot analysis, CSW significantly increased the phosphorylation of LKB1 & AMPK, and remarkably decreased the expression of factors related to TG and TC synthesis. Conclusions : Our findings suggest that CSW influences the TG and TC synthesis to positively affect HFD-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.649-658
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• 2017

본 연구는 고지방 식이를 통해 유도되는 혈당 상승과 이로 인한 인지기능 장애에 대한 고사리(Pteridium aquilinum) 아세트산에틸 분획물(EFPA)의 개선 효과를 확인하기 위해서 수행되었다. 고지방 식이를 섭취시킨 실험동물에 고사리 아세트산에틸 분획물을 식이를 하였을 때, 공복혈당을 낮추었고 인슐린 저항성을 확인하기 위한 내당능 시험에서 개선효과를 나타내었다. 또한 실험동물의 혈액을 이용한 혈청분석 결과 혈청 내 총 콜레스테롤(TCHO)과 저밀도지단백질 콜레스테롤(LDLC)과 같은 지방질 대사 수준이 유의적으로 개선되었다. 실험동물을 이용한 행동학적 시험(Y-maze, passive avoidance, Morris water maze tests)을 통해 인지기능 개선효과를 확인해본 결과, 공간인지 능력, 단기 학습 능력, 장기 기억 능력이 고지방 식이군(HFD)에 비해 유의적으로 개선되었다. 또한 동물 행동 실험 후 적출된 뇌 조직에서 산화방지 효소인 초과산화물제거효소(SOD)의 함량과 지방질과산화 정도(MDA level)를 측정해본 결과 고사리 아세트산에틸 분획물이 조직에서의 산화방지 능력을 증가시켜 주는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 그리고 인지능력에 영향을 주는 아세틸콜린(ACh)과 아세틸콜린 가수분해효소(AChE)에 미치는 영향을 확인해 본 결과, 아세틸콜린 가수분해효소의 활성이 억제되었고 그 결과 아세틸콜린의 함량이 증가하였다. 고지방 식이로 유도되는 혈당 상승 및 인지기능 장애의 개선에 도움이 되는 고사리 아세트산에틸 분획물의 주요 생리활성 물질이 무엇인지 확인하기 위하여 QTRAP LC-MS/MS를 시행한 결과, 주요 물질은 kaempferol-3-O-glucoside로 동정되었고 이 이외에 caffeolyshikimic acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside 등이 확인 되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 고려할 때, 캠페롤(kaempferol) 등과 같은 플라보노이드류와 폴리페놀 화합물을 함유한 고사리 아세트산에틸 분획물(EFPA)은 고지방 식이로 인한 혈당 상승과 이로 인한 인지기능 장애의 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있는 건강 기능성 식품 소재로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.