• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.8
• /
• pp.1182-1187
• /
• 2005

A flock of Arbor Acres chickens were reared in cages and provided with high energy pelleted feed. At 14 d of age, a total of 350 birds were separated into 3 groups randomly as follows: 100 birds were exposed to ambient temperature of 20$^{\circ}C$ as a control group, 150 birds were exposed to lower ambient temperature of 11$^{\circ}C$ to induce ascites (group I), and another group of 100 birds were exposed to lower ambient temperature of 11$^{\circ}C$ and fed diet containing 1% L-arginine for ascitic prophylactic treatment (group II). Blood and tissue samples (lung and liver) were collected from chickens at 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 wk of age subsequently, to analyze the concentration and activities of free radicals, mononaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Nitric Oxide (NO) and Nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The results showed that the prevalence of ascites in the control, group I and group II was 3%, 9.33% and 3% respectively (p<0.01). The concentration of free radicals in the lungs of 3 wks old preascitic broilers in group I was significantly higher than in the corresponding control group (p<0.05). The concentrations of free radicals in lung and liver in the 7 wk period, and that of NO and SOD in the plasma were significantly lower in group I than in the control group (p<0.01). However, the accumulated MDA contents in group I were higher than in the control group and group II (p<0.05), respectively. In the same way, the activity of NOS in group II was higher than both group I and control group (p<0.01) during the 7 wk period. There was no significant difference between SOD activities of group II and the control group (p>0.05), and also insignificant difference between NOS in group I and the control group (p>0.05). The results of this study indicate that there was a significant decrease in the concentration of MDA in group II. On the other hand, the concentration of free radicals decreased and MDA concentration increased in group I during the 7 wk period. The reduction in concentration of MDA in group II, following arginine supplementation may be associated with the scavenging activity of NO.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.841-848
• /
• 2013

Background: The incidence of various types of cancers including the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has increased during the recent years. Diet and lifestyle factors have been reported to play an important role in the etiology of NHL. However, no such data are available from the Middle Eastern countries, including Oman. Materials and Methods: Forty-three histologically confirmed cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) diagnosed at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) and the Royal Hospital (RH), Muscat, Oman and forty-three age and gender matched controls were the subjects of this study. Frequency matching was used to select the control population. Information on social and demographic data as well as the dietary intake was collected by personal interviews, using a 117-items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Results: A non-significant increased risk of NHL was observed with higher body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 0.45, 2.93), whereas a significantly decreased risk of NHL was associated with a higher educational level (OR=0.12, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.53). A significantly increased risk was observed for higher intake of energy (OR=2.67, 95%CI: 0.94, 7.57), protein (OR=1.49, 95%CI: 0.54, 4.10) and carbohydrates (OR=5.32, 95%CI: 1.78, 15.86). Higher consumption of daily servings from cereals (OR=3.25, 95%CI: 0.87, 12.09) and meat groups (OR=1.55, 95%CI: 0.58, 4.15) were also found to be associated with risk of NHL, whereas a significantly reduced risk was associated with higher consumption of vegetables (OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.82). The consumption of fruits, milk and dairy products however showed no significant association with the risk of developing NHL. Conclusion: The results suggest that obesity, high caloric intake, higher consumption of carbohydrate and protein are associated with increased risk of NHL, whereas a significantly reduced risk was observed with higher intake of vegetables.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.190-199
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in nutrient intake according to using diuretics, symptom severity and degree of physical functioning in heart failure patients. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted by using baseline data of an intervention study for heart failure patients. In this study, 131 heart failure patients were included. Data were collected using medical records, NYHA (New York Heart Association functional classification) class, and 6-minute-walking test and 24-hour diet recall. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test by SPSS 21.0. Nutrient intake was assessed using CAN-pro 2.0. Results: Majority of the participants consumed total calorie less than Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) and consumed carbohydrates more than 65% of their total calorie intakes. 24.4% of the participants consumed fat more than 30% of their total calorie intakes and 23.7% consumed saturated fat more than 7% of their total calorie intakes. 100.0% of the participants consumed protein less than 7% of their total calorie intakes and 73.3% of the participants consumed more than recommended intakes of sodium. More than 90.0% of the participants consumed less than adequate intakes of potassium (90.1%) and Vitamin D (91.6%), respectively. 100% and 62.6% of the participants consumed less than Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of magnesium and Vitamin $B_1$, respectively. Nutrient intakes in heart failure patients were different for potassium intake according to the usage of diuretics. The participants with symptom severity tended to intake protein less properly and the participants walking more than 300.0 m tended to intake sodium improperly high. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated the need for screening nutrient intakes of heart failure patients. It is necessary to increase the intake of total calories and most nutrients and to restrict sodium intakes among heart failure patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.772-782
• /
• 1993

This study was conducted to assess the relationships between maternal dietary intakes and milk contents of minerals and trace elements, and the correlation among levels of these milk constituents. Maternal dietary intakes were measured and milk samples were collected at 2∼5 days, 2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks postpartum from 29 lactating women. The results obtained are sumarized as follows: 1) The overall mean nutrient intakes of lactating women in this study were below the recommended allowances and there were extensive individual variations between subjects. 2) Concentrations of minerals and trace elements in matured human milk showed the same range reported from different countries with the exception of calcium, magnesium, manganese and molybdenum which were relatively high. 3) There were no significant relationships between maternal dietary intakes of minerals and the corresponding mineral levels of human milk. In addition, no significant correlations were found between maternal vitamin C intake and the iron contents of milk. These were significant positive correlations between maternal calcium intake and the magnesium level of milk ; between maternal protein intake and the contents of zinc and copper in human milk. Maternal energy intake was negatively correlated with milk sodium level. 4) Pearson correlation coefficient showed positive significant relationships between levels of 17 pairs of various mineral and trace elements : sodium and potassium, iron ; potassium and calcium, phosphors, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese ; calcium and magnesium, iron manganese, molybdenm, nickel ; magnesium and iron, molybdenum ; iron and copper ; nickel and manganese.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.160-170
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to provide foundation data for making health care policy for married women by assessing the dietary intake between highly educated married, employed and unemployed women. It is a direct interview, cross-sectional study with 24-hour recall method for one day. In selecting the subjects for this study, married, unemployed women were selected from a certain area (Daedeok Science Town) in Daejeon where there are high rates of highly educated women, and the married, employed women were selected from the teaching profession in order to avoid confounding due to including a variety of jobs. According to the Korean Standard Classification of Occupations, teaching is the representational occupation of highly educated, married women. Then, to prevent confounding due to age, we selected the subjects out of each age group at the same rate through random sampling. Women who had not graduated college, worked only part-time, or had no current spouse were excluded. As a result, 486 highly-educated, married, unemployed (250) and employed (236) women were used for analyzing data. The unemployed women consumed a higher amount of fat, cholesterol, sodium, vitamin C and folic acid while the employed women consumed a higher amount of iron, vitamin $B_l$ and vitamin $B_2$. P/M/S ratio being 1/1.18/1.05 and 1/1.05/0.87, for the unemployed women and the employed women, respectively, unemployed respondents had a higher saturated fat intake than those of employed. It is in excess of the standard ratio (1/1/1) of the Korean RDA. At the same time, in unemployed respondents the percent of energy intake from fat (24.8%, 23.2%) and animal fat (12.4%, 11.4%) were higher than those of employed respondents. The mean daily nutrient intake of calcium, zinc, and iron for both groups of respondents were lower than the Korean RDA. Both groups had phosphorus as the highest nutrient and calcium as the lowest nutrient of INQ (Index of Nutritional Quality) while nutrients with the INQ being less than 1 were calcium and iron. To sum up, the following conclusions can be made: Nutrition education and guidance for reduction of the intake of fat, especially animal fat, are necessary for unemployed women. In addition, highly educated, married, unemployed and employed women should increase the consumption of foods rich in iron and calcium to prevent anemia and osteoporosis, while decreasing the intake of phosphorus to balance proportions of calcium and phosphorus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 1982

The nutritional survey and blood sampling was conducted from May 23 to 27, 1971, in order to investigate the state of the nutritional intake in relation to blood contents of rural women. This survey covered a total of 47 women residing in Youngam-gun, Cholla-namdo, Korea. The daily diet of these subjects was observed by 24-hour recall method and weighing method for 3 days and hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit(Hct), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum protein, serum albumin, A/G ratio, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TS), serum cholesterol and blood specific gravity (SG) were measured. The results were summarized as follows ; The rate of intake of vegetable foods was high, especially cereals, and that of animal foods was low, especially eggs and milk and milk products. The daily intake of niacin was sufficient, and the intakes of energy and iron were also tend to be adequate. On the contrary, the intakes of vitamin A, $B_2$ and C, calcium and protein were insufficient. The mean red blood cell number was $410.8{\pm}26.4{\times}10^{4}/mm^{3},$ the mean values of Hb, Hct and MCHC were $12.5{\pm}0.9gm%$, $37.5{\pm}2.4%$ and $33.2{\pm}0.5%$ thus the anemic prevalences were 21.3%, 12.8% and 93.6% comparing with the anemic criteria of WHO. The levels of serum protein and serum albumin were $7.1{\pm}0.4gm\;%$ and $4.3{\pm}0.3gm\;%$so the A/G ratio was indicated $1.6{\pm}0.2.$. The levels of serum iron and TIBC were $91.9{\pm}27.5{\mu}g/100ml and $297.5{\pm}31.4{\mu}g/100ml,$ so TS was calculated $31.2{\pm}9.7\;%$. The mean value of SG was $1.044{\pm}0.002,$ and the level of serum cholesterol was $164.3{\pm}25.4mg/dl$. In the relation between each of bloood content, Hb showed positive correlation not only with Hct but also protein at the level of significance of 1 per cent and 5 per cent, and protein also showed a positive correlation with serum cholesterol at the 1 per cent level of significance. In the relation between the nutrient intake and blood contents, vitamin C intake showed a positive correlation with Hb, serum protein and serum iron at the level of significance of 1 per cent, iron intake also showed a positive correlation with serum iron and serum cholesterol at the same significant level, and protein intake showed a positive correlation with serum iron at the at the level of significance of 5 per cent.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.117-127
• /
• 2021

Objectives Previously, we demonstrated that a 5% ethanol extract of unripe Rubus coreanus (5-uRCK) and ellagic acid has hypocholesterolemic and antiobesity activity in high-fat diet-fed animals. Therefore, we conducted a clinical study on the anti-obesity effect of 5-uRCK in 140 Korean adults (aged 19-70 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m²). Methods The participants were randomly assigned to two groups and were administered the placebo (n=70) or 5-uRCK extract (800 mg, n=70) daily for 12 weeks. The subjects were instructed to maintain their usual dietary intake and normal physical activity. Anthropometrics, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and blood parameters were compared between the two groups. Results Average body weight and BMI did not show any significant changes; however, changes in upper body fat mass between the two groups was significantly different, as determined using analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline of percent body fat and drinking units. Moreover, Although not significant, the trunk fat mass and percent trunk fat tended to decrease after 5-uRCK supplementation. There was no significant difference in other laboratory biomarkers between the two groups. All safety parameters were within normal ranges in the both group. Conclusions In the present study, 5-uRCK significantly reduced upper body fat in obese subjects after 12 weeks, which indicates that it may help improve android-type obesity. Furthermore, the supplement is safe and well tolerated.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.11
• /
• pp.1698-1710
• /
• 2022

Objective: Raw potato starch (RPS) is resistant to digestion, escapes absorption, and is metabolized by intestinal microflora in the large intestine and acts as their energy source. In this study, we compared the effect of different concentrations of RPS on the intestinal bacterial community of weaned piglets. Methods: Male weaned piglets (25-days-old, 7.03±0.49 kg) were either fed a corn/soybean-based control diet (CON, n = 6) or two treatment diets supplemented with 5% RPS (RPS5, n = 4) or 10% RPS (RPS10, n = 4) for 20 days and their fecal samples were collected. The day 0 and 20 samples were analyzed using a 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology, followed by total genomic DNA extraction, library construction, and high-throughput sequencing. After statistical analysis, five phyla and 45 genera accounting for over 0.5% of the reads in any of the three groups were further analyzed. Furthermore, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the day 20 fecal samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. Results: Significant changes were not observed in the bacterial composition at the phylum level even after 20 d post feeding (dpf); however, the abundance of Intestinimonas and Barnesiella decreased in both RPS treatment groups compared to the CON group. Consumption of 5% RPS increased the abundance of Roseburia (p<0.05) and decreased the abundance of Clostridium (p<0.01) and Mediterraneibacter (p< 0.05). In contrast, consumption of 10% RPS increased the abundance of Olsenella (p<0.05) and decreased the abundance of Campylobacter (p<0.05), Kineothrix (p<0.05), Paraprevotella (p<0.05), and Vallitalea (p<0.05). Additionally, acetate (p<0.01), butyrate (p<0.05), valerate (p = 0.01), and total SCFAs (p = 0.01) were upregulated in the RPS5 treatment group Conclusion: Feeding 5% RPS altered bacterial community composition and promoted gut health in weaned piglets. Thus, resistant starch as a feed additive may prevent diarrhea in piglets during weaning.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.55 no.5
• /
• pp.558-571
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the dietary intake of Korean adults with atopic dermatitis (AD) to determine whether the risk of developing AD was related to their diet. Methods: Among the participants in the 7th National Health and Nutrition Survey (2016 to 2018), 10,571 adults aged 19-64 were divided into AD (AD group, n = 366) and control groups (non-AD group, n = 10,205) to compare and analyze their nutrient intake status and Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) score. Depending on the prevalence of AD, the nutrient intake, nutrient intake per 1,000 kcal, acceptable macronutrient distribution range, and KHEI score were tested for significance by correcting for age, sex, body mass index, education, marriage, occupation, residence area, physical activity, and energy intake variables that were derived for confounding factors. Results: The acceptable macronutrient distribution range for protein was lower in the AD group than in the non-AD group. Comparing the nutrient intake per 1,000 kcal, the intakes of protein, phosphorus, iron, and potassium of the AD group were significantly lower than those of the non-AD group. In the KHEI, the scores of total vegetables, vegetables excluding kimchi and pickles, meat, fish, eggs, and legumes of the AD group were significantly lower than those of the non-AD group. In addition, as these food intake scores increased, the risk of AD significantly decreased. Conclusion: In conclusion, adult AD patients had low intakes of vegetables, meat, fish, eggs, and legumes, and it was confirmed that high intakes of these foods may be associated with low AD risk. Therefore, we suggest that an adequate intake of vegetables and foods containing protein would be necessary for the management and treatment of AD in adults.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.135-145
• /
• 2009

This study was performed to investigate added sugar intakes from processed food-snacks and participation behaviors of special event days sharing sweet foods among adolescents in Korea. Questionnaire survey (n = 959), dietary survey (n = 71) by food record method for 3 days, and snack survey (n = 230) for 3 days were carried out, and subjects were overlapped among three surveys. As a result, middle school students (MS) preferred milks and fermented milks while high school students (HS) preferred breads and fast foods as a snack (p < 0.01). MS and HS took snacks three to six times a week, and HS took snacks more frequently than MS (p < 0.05). Most subjects participated in special event days sharing sweet foods such as friend's birthday (68.4%), Peppro's day (61.5%) and Valentine's day (42.6%). As for merits of these events, MS said ‘they could get along with their friends' and ‘relieve stress', while HS said ‘they could enjoy their own events' and ‘confess their affection to whom they like' (p < 0.01). A group of cookies, biscuits, breads and, cakes was major source of added sugars followed by beverages, sweet jellies of red bean, chocolates and candies for subjects. For MS and HS, daily total added sugar intakes from whole processed food-snacks were $30.5{\pm}23.5g/d$ (3.0-137.9 g/d) and $31.7{\pm}23.2g/d$ (1.2-126.1 g/d), and ratios of daily total energy taken from added sugars of whole processed food-snacks in proportion to daily total energy taken from diet (energy percent of added sugars from snacks) were $6.3{\pm}4.7%$ (0.6-26.1%) and $6.3{\pm}4.4%$ (0.3-23.9%), respectively. These results showed that subjects frequently participated in special event days sharing sweet foods. In addition, energy percent of added sugars from snacks was more than the UL suggested by WHO/FAO for some subjects. Therefore, it is highly critical to monitor adolescents' sugar intakes on a long-term basis and to take nutritional management on their high sugar intakes.