• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.228-235
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of irrigation methods for reducing a drainage on the growth and yield in rockwool (Grodan co.) and cocopeat (chip : dust = 50 : 50 included fiber) culture. The nutrient solution was irrigated by $100J{\cdot}cm^{-2}$-100 mL, $50J{\cdot}cm^{-2}$-45 mL, $50J{\cdot}cm^{-2}$-40 mL, $50J{\cdot}cm^{-2}$-35 mL ($100{\sim}50J{\cdot}cm^{-2}$-100~35 mL, Nutrient solution 100~35 mL was irrigated per plant when the accumulated radiation was $100{\sim}50J{\cdot}cm^{-2}$). The drain rates per plant of 100-100, 50-45, 50-40, 50-35 were 26.3%, 8.8%, 6% 4.4% and 23.1%, 7.5%, 5% 3.4% in rockwool and cocopeat slabs. The water contents and EC of 100-100 and 50-45 were managed by the 55~70%, $3.0{\sim}5.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ which were good condition for paprika culture in rockwool and cocopeat slabs, while those of 50-40 and 50-35 were managed by beyond 50%, $4.5{\sim}9.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The plant height, number of branches and leaf size of 100-100 and 50-45 were similarly increased while those of 50-40 and 50-35 were decreased. The fruit size and weight of 50-40 and 50-35 were small and light, while those of 100-100 and 50-45 were similarly big and heavy. The marketable fruits of 100-100 and 50-45 treatments were similarly more by 9.7~9.8 in rockwool and 8.8~8.9 in cocopeat, while the unmarketable fruits, the small and blossom end rot fruits were increased in 50-40 and 50-35 treatments. The yield of 100-100 and 50-45 treatments were similarly high.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1091-1097
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• 2015

We have isolated and characterized an ascorbate peroxidase (APx) gene, OsAPx1 from rice. Northern and Western blot analyses indicated that at young seedling stage, OsAPx1 mRNA was expressed highly in root, shoot apical meristem (SAM) and leaf sheath than leaf. In mature plant, OsAPx1 gene expressed highly in root, stem and flower but weakly in leaf. OsAPx1 gene and protein expression level was induced in leaves inoculated with Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Phytohormones treatment showed that OsAPx1 was up-regulated by jasmonic acid (JA), but was down regulated by ABA and SA co-treatments with JA, resulting that they have antagonistic effect on pathogen responsive OsAPx1 expression. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that Arabidopsis AtAPx1 has a close relationship with OsAPx1. In AtAPx1 knock out lines, the accumulation of O₂^- and H₂O₂ are all highly detected than wild type, revealing that the high concentration of exogenous H₂O₂ cause the intercellular superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide accumulation in AtAPx1 knockout plant. These results suggested that OsAPx1 gene may be associated with the pathogen defense cascades as the mediator for balancing redox state by acting ROS scavenger and is associated with response to the pathogen defense via Jasmonic acid signaling pathway.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to determine the usability of biodegradable plastic in the mulching cultivation of sweetpotato. For this, we investigated the physical characteristics, biodegradability, leaching, yield, workability, etc. of biodegradable films. Compared with general mulching materials, biodegradable Poly butyleneadipate-co-butylene succinate (PBSA) and PLC+starch showed $2{\sim}27$% higher tensile strength, but $2{\sim}22$% lower elongation and $2{\sim}6$% lower tear strength. In the leaching test on the biodegradable films, heavy metals were detected very little or not at all. As to difference in ground temperature according to mulching material, the temperature was high in order of PLC+starch > PBSA > Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) > Control during the period from late June to mid July, but in order of LDPE > PLC+starch > PBSA > None during the period from late July to late September. In the mulching cultivation of sweet potato, biodegradable films PBSA (EA, EB, EC) and PLC+starch (DD, DE, DF) began to degrade after 60 days from the cut planting of sweet potato, and over 95% degraded after 120 days. The quantity of roots was 3,070 kg/10a for PBSA, 3,093 kg/10a for PLC-starch, and 2,946 kg/l10a for LDPE, showing no significant difference according to mulching material. Considering the physical characteristics, biodegradability, environment, convenience in harvesting work, yield, etc. of the films in the mulching cultivation of sweet potato, biodegradable films are expected to be very useful.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.304-313
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• 2006

Background : Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative degradation of heme to form biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO), and free iron. The current evidence has indicated a critical role of HO-1 in cytoprotection and also in other, more diverse biological functions. It is known that the high expression of HO-1 occurs in various tumors, and that HO-1 has an important role in rapid tumor growth because of its antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects. Therefore, the role of HO-1 was analyzed in human lung cancer cell lines, and especially in the A549 cell line. Material and Methods : Human lung cancer cell lines, i.e., A549, NCI-H23, NCI-H157 and NCI-H460, were used for this study. The expression of HO-1 in the untreated state was defined by Western blotting. ZnPP, which is the specific HO inhibitor we used, and the viability of cells were tested for by conducting MTT assaysy. The HO enzymatic activity, as determined via the bilirubin level, was also indirectly measured. Moreover, the generation of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was monitored fluorimetrically with using a scopoletin-horse radish peroxidase (HRP) assay and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). We have also transfected small HO-1 interfering RNA (siRNA) into A549 cells, and the apoptotic effects were evaluated by flow cytometric analysis and Western blotting. Results : The A549 cells had a greater expression of HO-1 than the other cell lines, whereas ZnPP significantly decreased the viability of the A549 cells more than the viability of the other lung cancer cells in a dose-dependant fashion. Consistent with the viability, the HO enzymatic activity also was decreased. Moreover, intracellular H2O2 generation via ZnPP was induced in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptotic events were, then induced in the HO-1 siRNA transfected A549 cells. Conclusion : HO-1 provides new important insights into the possible molecular mechanism of the antitumor therapy in lung cancer.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2012

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become increasingly used as a rapid, accurate method of evaluating some chemical constituents in cereal and dired animal forages. Analysis of forage quality by NIRS usually involves dry grinding samples. Costs might be reduced if samples could be analyzed without drying or grinding. The objective of this study was to investigate effect of sample preparations on prediction ability of chemical composition and fermentation parameter for Italian ryegrass silages by NIRS. A population of 147 Italian ryegrass silages representing a wide range in chemical parameters were used in this investigation. Samples were scanned at 1nm intervals over the wavelength range 680-2500 nm and the optical data recorded as log 1/Reflectance (log 1/R) and scanned in oven-dried grinding and fresh ungrinding condition. The spectral data were regressed against a range of chemical parameters using partial least squares (PLS) multivariate analysis in conjunction with four spectral math treatments to reduced the effect of extraneous noise. The optimum calibrations were selected on the basis of minimizing the standard error of cross validation (SECV) and maximizing the correlation coefficient of cross validation (${R^2}_{CV}$). The results of this study show that NIRS predicted the chemical parameters with high degree of accuracy in oven-dried grinding treatment except for moisture contents. Prediction accuracy of the moisture contents was better for fresh ungrinding treatment (SECV 1.37%, $R^2$ 0.96) than for oven-dried grinding treatments (SECV 4.31%, $R^2$ 0.68). Although the statistical indexes for accuracy of the prediction were the lower in fresh ungrinding treatment, fresh treatment may be acceptable when processing is costly or when some changes in component due to the processing are expected. Results of this experiment showed the possibility of NIRS method to predict the chemical composition and fermentation parameter of Italian ryegrass silages as routine analysis method in feeding value evaluation and for farmer advice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2017

This study intends to analyze the contents of rutin, procyanidin B3, quercetin, kaempferol, known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects, among the polyphenol type contained in the grape pruning stem extracts (GPSE), utilizing grape stems being discarded after harvest, measure the effects on the skin moisture, inhibition of skin cell proliferation, anti-inflammatory on the damaged skin of a HR-1 mice induced with UVB, and verify the applicability as a material for functional food and functional cosmetics. The results of verifying the photoprotection effects through the skin proliferation control through of GPSE showed similar result to suncream was achieved at the GPSE concentration of 2,000 mg/kg on the epidermis (p<0.05). The results showed anti-inflammatory effects on all groups applied with GPSE as compared to the control group irradiated with UVB, but at the GPSE concentration of 1,000 mg/kg, a lower COX-2 protein expression at 8%, lower than the 22% of suncream, was observed to achieve an excellent anti-inflammatory effect (p<0.05). The results of this study confirmed the existence of active polyphenol type, such as rutin, kaempferol, querocetin and procyanidin B3, within the GPSE, and GPSE has improvement effects on moisturizing effects, skin proliferation control effect, inflammatory control effect and improvement effects on the skin barrier function through UV ray damage. GPSE is a functional ingredient with a potential for skin protection effects, and has high utilization as an ingredient for functional food and functional cosmetics.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.497-503
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• 2007

In order to develop a new rice bran danmooji, changes in physicochemical characteristics and texture of danmooji treated with rice bran, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaf powder, succinic acid, or yeast extract were investigated during salting for 90 days. The PH of rice bran danmooji decreased from PH6.41 initially to pH 4.09 (control group), pH 4.10 (S. rebaudiana treatment S1), pH 3.84 (S. rebaudiana + succinic acid treatment S2), and pH 3.90 (S. rebaudiana+succinic acid+yeast extract treatment S3) after 90 days of salting. At this time, the salinities of rice bran danmooji of the S1, S52, and S3 groups were 2.32%, 1.94% and 2.15% respectively. The hardness of all groups decreased rapidly in the first 30 days of salting, and thereafter showed no changes. After 90 days of salting, the hardness of all groups was $1,186-1,368\;g/cm^2$ with no significant differences between groups. Redness, the a value, of the S2 and S3 groups treated with succinic acid, was lower than that of S3, whereas yellowness, the b value, of S3 treated with succinic acid and yeast extract was the highest of the three groups. Sensory evaluation of rice bran danmooji after 90 days of salting resulted in S3 attaining the highest scores for flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. These results indicate nut high-quality rice bran danmooji may be prepared by addition of S. rebaudiana leaf powder, succinic acid and yeast extract to rice bran.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.610-613
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• 2012

Oyster shell has a high content of $CaCO_3$ to be used as a acidic soil amendment. To enhance productivity of barley and soil microbe in an upland soil, oyster shell and calcium-magnesium carbonate were selected as a soil amendments in this study. A field experiment was treated no treatment (hereafter, control), oyster shell lime $3.09Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and $2.38Mg\;ha^{-1}$, and calcium-magnesium carbonate $2.38Mg\;ha^{-1}$ as amount of lime requirement in silt loam soil. The yield of barley from the oyster shell lime treatment was the highest. The protein content of barley was the highest of 11.1% in the calcium-magnesium carbonate, followed by 10.7% for the control, 10.6% for the oyster shell lime $3.09Mg\;ha^{-1}$, and 10.4% for the oyster shell lime $2.38Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Soil pH value was higher than that of control in harvesting stage. In addition, the population of soil bacteria was highest in oyster shell lime $2.38Mg\;ha^{-1}$, actinomycetes was highest in calcium-magnesium $2.38Mg\;ha^{-1}$. We concluded that the oyster shell lime can be effective to restore soil nutrient and microbe balance in an upland soil.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1079-1085
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• 2003

Modified atmosphere packaging was applied to oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) to study the effect of storage temperatures and packaging materialso. Whole mushrooms (200g) were package with polyethylene film $(PE,\;60{\mu}m\;thickness)$, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), or ceramic film (containing 5% zeolite) and stored at 0, 5, 10 and $20^{\circ}C$. Weight loss, color, firmness, gas composition $(O_2,\;CO_2)$ inside the film package and ethanol content in the tissue of MA packaged mushrooms were examined. Mushroom that were packed unwrapped in a conventional hardboard box (2 kg) lost marketability at a very early stage of storage due to weight loss, shrinkage, browning, and spore formation. During storage, film packaging prevented or retarded the deterioration of the mushrooms in the aspects of appearance, texture, and discoloration. Firmness slightly decreased with storage time. Total color difference was much higher in the control than in the film-packaged mushroom and rapidly increased at the early of storage. Correlation analysis showed a high correlation between total color difference and b values. These results were characterized by the reduced respiration rate resulting from elevated carbon dioxide and reduced oxygen levels in the package. At all storage temperatures, ethanol content in the tissue increased slightly at the early part of storage and rose considerably towards the end of the storage period. Ethanol content in the oyster mushrooms was higher in the stipe than in pileus tissues. The shelf life of the oyster mushrooms was about $8{\sim}11$ days at $0^{\circ}C$, about $4{\sim}6$ day at $5^{\circ}C$, about $2{\sim}3$ days at $10^{\circ}C$, and about $1{\sim}2$ days at $20^{\circ}C$.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.377-388
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• 2022

Laboratory-scale experiments were performed to identify the As removal mechanism of the residual slag generated after the mineral carbonation process. The residual slags were manufactured from the steelmaking slag (blast oxygen furnace slag: BOF) through direct and indirect carbonation process. RDBOF (residual BOF after the direct carbonation) and RIBOF (residual BOF after the indirect carbonation) showed different physicochemical-structural characteristics compared with raw BOF such as chemical-mineralogical properties, the pH level of leachate and forming micropores on the surface of the slag. In batch experiment, 0.1 g of residual slag was added to 10 mL of As-solution (initial concentration: 203.6 mg/L) titrated at various pH levels. The RDBOF showed 99.3% of As removal efficiency at initial pH 1, while it sharply decreased with the increase of initial pH. As the initial pH of solution decreased, the dissolution of carbonate minerals covering the surface was accelerated, increasing the exposed area of Fe-oxide and promoting the adsorption of As-oxyanions on the RDBOF surface. Whereas, the As removal efficiency of RIBOF increased with the increase of initial pH levels, and it reached up to 70% at initial pH 10. Considering the PZC (point of zero charge) of the RIBOF (pH 4.5), it was hardly expected that the electrical adsorption of As-oxyanion on surface of the RIBOF at initial pH of 4-10. Nevertheless it was observed that As-oxyanion was linked to the Fe-oxide on the RIBOF surface by the cation bridge effect of divalent cations such as Ca²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Fe²⁺. The surface of RIBOF became stronger negatively charged, the cation bridge effect was more strictly enforced, and more As can be fixed on the RIBOF surface. However, the Ca-products start to precipitate on the surface at pH 10-11 or higher and they even prevent the surface adsorption of As-oxyanion by Fe-oxide. The TCLP test was performed to evaluate the stability of As fixed on the surface of the residual slag after the batch experiment. Results supported that RDBOF and RIBOF firmly fixed As over the wide pH levels, by considering their As desorption rate of less than 2%. From the results of this study, it was proved that both residual slags can be used as an eco-friendly and low-cost As remover with high As removal efficiency and high stability and they also overcome the pH increase in solution, which is the disadvantage of existing steelmaking slag as an As remover.