• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2005

The dung beetle species living in grazing pasture in Korea and their life cycle such as characteristics of habitation and hibernation were investigated for five year. Eleven species belonging to five genera of dung beetles were found in the grazing pasture. They started to appear around the middle of April when grazing begins on pasture. Dung booties kept on laying eggs until the beginning of August and maintained their activity until the end of October. They passed the winter as a form of an imago twenty five to thirty centimeters under the ground. Loamy soil and sandy soil containing plenty of humus were prefered as a hibemaculum by them. Five genera of dung beetles. Aprodius spp, Onthophagus spp., Liatongus spp., Copris spp., Scarabaeus spp. were found and observed in s study. Three species of them like Scarabaeus affinis had more an twenty eight millimeter long body, and the body length of five species like Copris tripartitus were between ten and twenty millimeters. Three species of them like Apodius sublimbatus were had the body length of less than ten millimeters. The results of indoor experiments to study propagation power of dung beetle showed that the optimum temperature for propagation of Copris ochus and Copris tripartitus were between twenty and thirty degrees and the lowest temperature for living of dung beetle was eighteen degrees while e highest temperature being thirty five degrees. A light did not effect the propagation power of dung beetles.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.388-394
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• 1995

We investigated ultrastuctural change of small intestinal mucosal epithelial cell, columnar cell and mucous cell, of hibernating ground squirrel during activating and hibernating stages. In active columnar cells, many mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed. In hibernating columnar cells, more free nhosome than rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed. In active mucous cells, large and many mucosal granules, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed. Mucosal granules have been secreted excellently. In hibernating mucous cells, small and little mucosal granules and many free ribosome were observed.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.162-171
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• 2012

We investigated food webs of a $Salix$ $subfragilis$-dominated wetland in the Janghang wetland in the Hangang estuary, which is very close to the Demilitarized Zone, along the west coast of Korea. Our study focused on understanding sesarmine crab ($Sesarma$ $dehaani$)-related food webs in a $S.$ $subfragilis$ forest. For our study, we used carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes and fatty acid biomarkers. We collected samples of plants, animals, and detrital sediment from four quadrats ($5{\times}5m^2$) set in the $S.$ $subfragilis$ community. Samples were collected from September 2006 to June 2009, except during the winter hibernation period of $S.$ $dehaani$. In the wet season, the sediment showed relatively high ${\delta}^{13}C$ and low ${\delta}^{15}N$ signatures compared with relatively low ${\delta}13C$ and high ${\delta}15N$ signatures in the dry season. Mature $S.$ $dehaani$ appeared to feed on fresh leaves and other carbon sources, such as immature individuals or fish, in addition to detrital sediment, which appeared to be the main carbon source for immature crabs. Principal component analysis of fatty acid biomarkers of $S.$ $dehaani$ showed a clear difference between immature individuals (10-30 mm) and mature ones (larger than 30 mm), indicating that the main food source for immature crabs was detrital sediment, whereas mature crabs foraged plants in addition to consuming detrital sediment. On the basis of our results from stable isotope and fatty acid analyses, mature $S.$ $dehaani$ appeared to feed on detrital sediment and fresh leaves of $S.$ $subfragilis$ in summer in addition to engaging in cannibalism of immature individuals.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the ecological characteristics of Protaetia orientalis submarmorea (Burmeister). The emergence period of adults is appeared from April to October, and most abundant in July∼August, once a year in the field. Hibernation took place mostly in larval stage, but some in adult stage, and were generally found in the decayed rice straws and in the soil covered with compost or similar materials with average depth of 17.6 cm The developmental characteristics in the insectary (28$^{\circ}C$, 70% RH, 16L: 8D) was investigated: the average number of eggs laid per female is 82.8, egg period 8.4 days, 1st instars of larva 10.6, 2nd 18.7, 3rd 38.1, and pupal period 35.5 days. Longevity of the adult was 135.2 days In the female and 121. 7days in the male.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2007

We monitored gold-spotted pond frog (Rana chosenica) populations near the Korea National University of Education in Chungbuk, Korea, from 19 May to 8 August, 2006 to examine the spatial distribution of populations in local areas and to investigate patterns of migration of adult gold-spotted pond frogs from terrestrial hibernation sites to breeding sites, We captured individuals from the largest population using a drift fence with 22 pitfall traps surrounding the breeding site. A total of 22 individuals (19 males and 3 females) were captured between 23 May and 15 June. No peak in breeding migration was detected, but the onset of the breeding migration may correspond with increased humidity. Male body weights were negatively correlated with sampling dates. Seven of 22 individuals were captured at the 4th pitfall trap, which was placed between two culverts. The capture rate per pitfall trap was higher in traps close to the rice field banks (1.44, traps $1{\sim}9$) than in traps facing hilly land (0.33, traps $13{\sim}18$). Comparative data from the Korean frog (Rana coreana), a sympatric species in the study area, were also collected and compared with those of the gold-spotted pond frog.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for habitat restoration by implementing a series of processes of capturing and translocating Kaloula borealis and managing them in artificial breeding facilities. The study site in Samcheon, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do was a waste landfill site in the past, and Kaloula borealis was found during the Samcheon Ecological River Restoration Project around March 2018. To restore the habitat, a plan was established to capture, translocate, artificially breed, and release Kaloula borealis at the site. The capture methods of adult Kaloula borealis were pitfall trap and drift fence, direct capture, and deep barrels. During 2018-2019, 86 adults of Kaloula borealis were captured and translocated to artificial breeding facilities. VIE-tagging was inserted under the skin for monitoring. For artificial breeding, Gryllus bimaculatus with oyster powder and vegetables were regularly supplied to feed Kaloula borealis. At the end of October 2020, 150 young Kaloula borealis raised in artificial breeding facilities were found not entering hibernation, so they were managed in a separate artificial breeding facility. Some young and adult Kaloula borealis currently hibernating will be scheduled to be continuously managed in artificial breeding facilities and released to the restored habitat in the spring of 2021.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 1969

An ichneumon-fly, Megarhyssa jezoensis Matsumura, was found as a parasite of Sirex nitobei Matsumura, a pest insect of the walnut, Juglans sinensis Maximowicz, at Ye-San, Choong-Nam province, middle Korea. The life cycle of Megarhyssa jezoensis was as follows: 1. It occurred three times a year. The adults appear at the end of April to the middle of May (maximum on 5th May) after hibernation, at the beginning to the middle of July (maximum on 10 th July) in the first generatioin, and at the end of September to the end of October (maximum on 8 th October) in the second. 2. The larvae grew from the beginning of May to the end of June in the first generation, from the middle of July to the beginning of September in the second and from the beginning of October to the end of the year in the last. 3. The pupae developed from the end of June to the middle of July and from the end of August to the middle of September. 4. The adults oviposited their eggs on the surface of the host, the larvae in Sirex nitobei growing in the stem of the walnut, and the larvae hatched from the eggs were ectoparasiting the larvae of Sirex to grow and pupate. The parasite hibernated in the pupal stage but the adult which emerged at the early spring stayed in the hole of the walnut stem till the end of April.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.477-486
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• 2016

We investigated the growth pattern of Red-tongued viper snakes (Gloydius ussuriensis), which were captured from the islet of the Jeju Island, Gapado between April, 2006 and November, 2009. The results indicated that there were some snakes that grew relatively fast, but most snakes either almost did not grow or grew around 10mm in snout-vent length during one year period. High growth rates was April and June. Since the growth rate of snakes is highly correlated with their foods, these results implied that the feeding activity of Red-tongued viper snakes is high during this period compared to other months. In female, difference in body condition between good-conditioned and bad-conditioned snakes became large as time elapsed from April to June. The body condition of the male Red-tongued viper snakes improved with the progression of time from April till June. Many of the Red-tongued viper snakes were captured between April and June, while they were rarely captured between July and September. Some of the Red-tongued viper snakes were captured during the autumn season. This tendency was because snakes were rarely active during hibernation and peak summer seasons. Thus, Red-tongued viper snakes are active between April and June and between September and November. They then go into hibernation as the temperature dropped in November. Furthermore, the limitation of the movement period of the Red-tongued viper snakes restricted their feeding activities while foods became scarce, which ultimately restricted their overall growth rate. The growth rate of the snakes decreased with age. The snout-vent length of the Red-tongued viper snakes and growth rate showed a negative correlation (r = -0.591), however, it was not statistically significant due to small sample size. The findings from this study could provide meaningful information in the further study of the life cycle of Red-tongued viper snakes.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.258-272
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• 2014

Bats hibernating in caves and unused mines were surveyed during six hibernation periods (from December to February, 2005 and 2011) in Korea. We recorded 13,288 individuals of 11 species at 140 hibernacula (60 caves and 80 abandoned mines): Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (n=3,509), Eptesicus serotinus (n=6), Hypsugo alaschanicus (n=349), Miniopterus fuliginosus (n=5,919), Murina hilgendorfi (n=417), Myotis aurascens (n=294), Myotis bombinus (n=2), Myotis formosus (n=401), Myotis macrodactylus (M.mac, n=151), Myotis petax (n=2,131) and Plecotus ognevi (n=109). We studied the thermal preference and selection of hibernacula of seven dominant bat species. Four species (Myotis petax, Hypsugo alaschanicus, Plecotus ognevi and Murina hilgendorfi) hibernated mainly at the cold site below than $7^{\circ}C$, while three species (Myotis formosus, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Miniopterus fuliginosus) hibernated at warm site above than $7^{\circ}C$. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum had broad-ranged temperature zone for their hibernating site. The mean body temperature of each species was $2.64{\pm}0.98^{\circ}C$ for Murina hilgendorfi, $2.76{\pm}1.68^{\circ}C$ for Hypsugo alaschanicus, $2.78{\pm}0.98^{\circ}C$ for Plecotus ognevi, $4.52{\pm}1.02^{\circ}C$ for Myotis petax, $7.83{\pm}1.94^{\circ}C$ for Miniopterus fuliginosus, $9.19{\pm}2.35^{\circ}C$ for Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and $13.64{\pm}0.76^{\circ}C$ for Myotis formosus, respectively. The body temperatures of hibernating bats were closely related to the rock surface temperatures rather than the ambient temperatures. In conclusion, the diversity of bats community in hibernacula were closely related to the range of inner ambient temperature of hibernacula, and more species of bats were occupied at sites presenting a broad range of ambient temperatures.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.364-370
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• 2001

Purpose: In the revascuarization of ischemic dysfunctional myocardium, stunned myocardium was reported to recover function earlier than hibernating myocardium. It was also suggested that stunning and hibernation could be discriminated by reversibility of perfusion impairment on myocardial SPECT. In this study, we investigated the time course of functional recover after CABG according to reversibility of perfusion impairment. Materials and Methods: In 92 patients with coronary artery disease, Tl-201 rest/dipyridamole stress Tc-99m-MIBI gated SPECT was performed before, 3 months after, and 17 months after CABG. Using a 20-segment model, segmental perfusion and systolic thickening were automatically quantified. Perfusion-impaired segments with abnormal thickening were classified by reversibility into reversible (REV) and irreversible (IRREV) groups. The proportions of function-recovered segments were compared between groups and also between 3 months and 17 months in each group. Results: A total of 129 segments were Included In the analysis, and 76 were REV and 53 were IRREV. At 3 months after CABG, 61 segments (80%) in REV group showed functional recovery while 28 segments (53%) in IRREV group did (p<0.001). However, at 17 months after CABG, 60 segments (79%) in REV group and 37 segments (70%) un IRREV group showed functional recovery (p=n.s.). When comparing 3 months and 17 months in each group, REV group showed no difference, while IRREV group showed significant further improvement (p<0.05). Conclusion: In viable myocardium with ischemic myocardial dysfunction, the segments with reversible perfusion impairment recover function earlier after revascularization than irreversible segments.