• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.1035-1040
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• 2015

껍질을 제거하지 않은 새우의 경우 10일 동안 저장하는 과정에서 갈변이 심각하게 진행된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 갈변은 두흉부, 등껍질 그리고 꼬리 순서로 진행되었으며, 4-hexylresorcinol 침지액에 의해 갈변이 억제될 경우 꼬리, 등껍질 그리고 두흉부 순서로 억제되었다. 껍질을 제거하지 않은 새우의 경우 10, 20 mg/L 4-hexylresorcinol 침지액 농도에서 72시간 침지한 새우로부터 각각 1.36, 2.33 mg/kg의 잔류농도를 확인하였으며, 해외에서 규정하고 있는 최대잔류수준 이상의 4-hexylresorcinol이 검출되어 갈변억제 효과는 있었지만 사용방법으로 부적합한 것으로 나타났다. 껍질을 제거한 새우의 경우에는 가식부위가 직접 침지액에 침지되기 때문에 대부분의 새우에서 1 mg/kg 이상의 4-hexylresorcinol 잔류량이 확인되었으며, 껍질을 제거한 새우를 20 mg/L 4-hexylresorcinol 침지액에 72시간 동안 침지한 처리군에서 13.46 mg/kg으로 가장 높은 4-hexylresorcinol 잔류량이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 캐나다 및 중국뿐만 아니라 유럽에서 규정하고 있는 최대잔류수준을 초과함에 따라서 새우의 침지 조건으로 새우 껍질을 제거한 뒤 침지하는 방법은 적합하지 않은 것으로 판단되며, 갈변억제 효과는 20 mg/L 4-hexylresorcinol 침지액에서 24시간 동안 침지한 처리군에서 가장 높은 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과 4-hexylresorcinol 침지액 농도와 침지 시간에 따라 4-hexylresorcinol 잔류량 및 갈변억제 효과에 높은 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 규정에 제시되어 있는 최대잔류허용량을 초과하지 않고 효율적인 갈변억제 효과를 얻기 위한 방법으로는 껍질을 제거하지 않은 새우에서 20 mg/L 4-hexylresorcinol 침지액에서 24시간 동안 침지처리하는 방법이 가장 적절한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 4-hexylresorcinol and hydroxyapatite combination graft on bone regeneration in the rabbit calvarial defect model. Methods: Ten New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study. Bilateral round shaped defects (diameter: 8.0 mm) were created on the parietal bone. 4-hexylresorcinol and hydroxyapatite combination graft material was grafted into the right parietal bone defect area (experimental). The left bone defect area was not filled with anything (control). The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after grafting. A micro-computerized tomography of each specimen was taken, and the specimens were stained for histological analysis. Results: The average value of bone mineral density (BMD) and Bone volume (BV) was higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after surgery. However, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05) at 8 weeks after grafting. The BMD and BV in the experimental group at 4 weeks after surgery was significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: 4-hexylresorcinol and hydroxyapatite combination graft material showed higher initial bone formation than the control, however, there was no difference at 8weeks after operation.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2020

Sericin has been used for the treatment of burn wound. The purpose of this study was to compare the wound healing between sericin plus 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) ointment (SE+4HR) and base only ointment. Total 12 mice were included in this study. SE+4HR group showed significantly smaller wound size than base only group at 3 wk (P<0.05). Surface temperature was higher in SE+4HR group. In conclusion, SE+4HR group showed better wound healing than base only group.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.370-374
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• 2016

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common type of malignant neoplasm in the minor salivary gland. The hard palate is a frequently involved site of MEC. The treatment of low-grade MEC on the hard palate is wide local resection with a tumor-free margin. In the present case, the maxillary defect was reconstructed using a buccal fat pad (BFP) flap, followed by application of 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) ointment for 2 weeks. The grafted BFP successfully covered the tumor resection defect without tension and demonstrated complete re-epithelialization without any complications.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2021

When 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) incorporated silk mat is used for clinical application, sterilization process is essential. In this study, 4HR incorporated silk mat was sterilized with ethylene oxide (EO) gas or autoclave, and then antibacterial property was evaluated. For the examination of micro-structure after the sterilization, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) exam and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were also done. There was no gross difference after sterilization in SEM exam and FT-IR spectra. Antibacterial property of 4HR was also maintained after the sterilization. In conclusion, EO gas or autoclave did not damage the antibacterial property of 4HR in the silk mat.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제42권
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• pp.5.1-5.9
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• 2020

Immunomodulation is a technique for the modulation of immune responses against graft material to improve surgical success rates. The main target cell for the immunomodulation is a macrophage because it is the reaction site of the graft and controls the healing process. Macrophages can be classified into M1 and M2 types. Most immunomodulation techniques focus on the rapid differentiation of M2-type macrophage. An M2 inducer, 4-hexylresorcinol, has been recently identified and is used for bone grafts and dental implant coatings.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was (1) to demonstrate the anti-microbial properties of 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) loaded silk mat and (2) comparison of bone formation between 4HR incorporated silk mat and collagen membrane. Anti-microbial properties of 4HR incorporated silk mat was done after sterilization of silk mat (autoclaving and ethylene oxide gas). For the evaluation of bone formation, bilateral bony defects (size: 8 mm) were prepared in the parietal bone of the rabbits (n=10). 4HR incorporated silk mat (size: $10{\times}10mm$) was applied on the right defect. For the comparative purpose, the same size of commercial collagen membrane was applied on the left defect. The anti-microbial properties of 4HR incorporated silk mat were maintained after sterilization process. When compared bone mineral density and bone volume, there was no statistically significant difference between groups at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after operation (p>0.05). In conclusion, 4HR incorporated silk mat could be autoclaved without concern of anti-microbial properties loss. In addition, 4HR incorporated silk mat showed similar bone regeneration to collagen membrane. Therefore, 4HR incorporated silk mat might be considered for the application of open membrane technique.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제38권
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• pp.29.1-29.9
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• 2016

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate xenograft degradation velocity when treated with 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR). Methods: The scapula of a cow was purchased from a local grocery, and discs (diameter 8 mm, thickness 1 mm) were prepared by trephine bur. Discs treated with 4HR were used as the experimental group. Untreated discs were used as the control. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), antibacterial test, endotoxin test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed on the discs. In vivo degradation was evaluated by the rat calvarial defect model. Results: The XRD and FT-IR results demonstrated successful incorporation of 4HR into the bovine bone. The experimental disc showed antibacterial properties. The endotoxin test yielded results below the level of endotoxin contamination. In the SEM exam, the surface of the experimental group showed needle-shaped crystal and spreading of RAW264.7 cells. In the animal experiments, the amount of residual graft was significantly smaller in the experimental group compared to the control group (P = 0.003). Conclusions: In this study, 4HR was successfully incorporated into bovine bone, and 4HR-incorporated bovine bone had antibacterial properties. In vivo experiments demonstrated that 4HR-incorporated bovine bone showed more rapid degradation than untreated bovine bone.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration capability of silk membrane plus 3% 4-hexylresorcinol (3% 4-HR plus SM) in a rabbit calvarial defect model. Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Bilateral round shaped defects were created in the parietal bone (diameter: 8.0 mm). And the defects were covered with (1) 3% 4-HR plus SM, (2) collagen membrane (CM), (3) no graft material. After surgery, the animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Bone regeneration was analyzed in each section by micro-computerized tomography (${\mu}$-CT). And Hematoxylin and eosin stains were used for histological analysis. As measured by ${\mu}$-CT analysis 4 weeks after surgery, the average of new bone formation in animals treated with 3% 4-HR plus SM was greater than that of animals treated with CM. and the difference was statistically significant. And well organized lamella bones were observed in the histological view of the 3% 4-HR plus SM group. Therefore, more bone regeneration was seen in animals treated with 3% 4-HR plus SM than in those treated with CM or uncovered control.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2023

Objective: To investigate the long-term effects of 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) on facial skeletal growth in growing male rats, with a focus on diabetic animal models. Methods: Forty male rats were used. Of them, type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in 20 animals by administering 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), and they were assigned to either the STZ or 4HR-injected group (STZ/4HR group). The remaining 20 healthy rats were divided into control and 4HR groups. We administered 4HR subcutaneously at a weekly dose of 10 mg/kg until the rats were euthanized. At 16 weeks of age, whole blood was collected, and microcomputed tomography of the skull and femur was performed. Results: All craniofacial linear measurements were smaller in the STZ group than in the control group. The mandibular molar width was significantly smaller in the 4HR group than in the control group (P = 0.031) but larger in the STZ/4HR group than in the STZ group (P = 0.011). Among the diabetic animals, the STZ/4HR group exhibited significantly greater cortical bone thickness, bone mineral density, and bone volume than the STZ group. Serum testosterone levels were also significantly higher in the STZ/4HR group than in the STZ group. Conclusions: 4HR administration may have divergent effects on mandibular growth and bone mass in healthy and diabetic rats. In the context of diabetes, 4HR appears to have beneficial effects, potentially through the modulation of mitochondrial respiration.