• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2015

This paper focuses on the conformal contact problem. A typical example of conformal contact is the contact between a pin and hole. In particular, this paper focuses on the condition for assuming a contact stress field to be a Hertzian pressure profile by using well-known classical solutions associated with Hertzian contact. Persson first developed the conformal contact analysis method around half a century ago, but there have been no significant improvements since then. The present research also adopted this method, but developed new solutions from the viewpoint of application to structural design. The analysis began with a comparison between Persson°Øs conformal contact stress and the Hertzian stress fields. The next step was to check the differences in the normalized stress values of both. This study used the tolerance for the difference in the peak stresses of Persson°Øs solution and the Hertz solution to validate the Hertzian assumption. This gave the range for the difference in radii of the pin and hole when the contact force and mechanical properties of the material are specified. The results showed that, at a tolerance of 5%, the Hertzian assumption is valid if half of the contact angle is less than 35°ý. In addition, the Hertzian assumption holds even for a relatively long contact length, in contrast to the general incomplete contact problem. This paper discusses these results along with other aspects of the application to the design.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.8-11
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• 2000

A surface crack in a semi-infinite body under Hertzian contact was considered. The simplified method used to estimate stress intensity factor K for specimen was extended to the model which is chosen in this paper. Very satisfactory results are obtained comparing with those known and it is proved that the method is more convenient than other methods. The results of the analysis show that due to the presence of $K_I$ for unlubricated condition, mode I fracture is active in the field below the surface and the maximum $K_{I}$ is obtained when the trailing edge of Hertzian contact reaches a position over the crack. The magnitudes of stress intensity factors $K_I$ and $K_Il$ increase with increasing friction forces. For a surface crack perpendicular to the contact surface, the stress intensity factor $K_I$ reaches its maximum value at a depth very close to the surface. Driving forve fer crack initiation and propagation is $K_I$ for unlubricated condition and $K_Il$ for both fluid and boundary lubricated condition.n.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.624-635
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 마멸과정을 선형파괴역학적 관점에서 해석하여, 탄성체의 표면 에 산재되어 있는 표면균열의 전파거동을 마멸과정규명의 입장에서 살펴보고자 한다. 우선 마멸거동에 관한 파괴역학적 접근방식에 의한 마멸이론의 확립을 위해서, 표면균 열이 내부균열보다 그 전파 가능성이 높다고 한 Keer등의 주장에 착안하여 Hertz 접촉 압력하의 경사진 표면균열의 전파거동을 선형파괴역학적으로 해석하고자 한다. 이론 해석에 있어서는 표면균열을 인상전립의 연속분포로 치환하고, 전립밀도분포함수에 관 한 특이적분방정식을 유도해서 Erdogangupta의 방법을 이용하여 그 해를 구하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2014

Recent studies emphasize the importance of pivot stiffness in the analysis of tilting pad bearings (TPBs). The present paper develops a finite element model of the pad pivot and compares the predicted pivot stiffness to the results of Hertzian contact model calculations. Specifically, a finite element analysis generates tetrahedral mesh models with ~40,000 nodes for a ball-socket pivot and ~50,000 nodes for a rocker-back pivot. These models assume a frictionless boundary condition in the contact area. Increasing the applied loads on the pad in conjunction with increasing time steps ensures rapid convergence during the nonlinear numerical analysis. Predictions are performed using the developed finite element model for increasing the differential diameters between the pad pivot (or ball) and the bearing housing (or socket). The predictions show that the pivot contact area increases with decreasing differential diameters and increasing applied loads. Further, the maximum deformation occurring at the pivot center increases with increasing differential diameters and increasing applied loads. The pivot stiffness increases nonlinearly with decreasing differential diameters and increasing applied loads. Comparisons of results of the developed finite element model to those of Hertzian contact model calculations assuming a small contact area show that the latter model underestimates the pivot stiffnesses predicted by the finite element models of the ball-socket and rocker-back pivots, particularly for small differential diameters. This result implies the need for cautionduring the design of pivot stiffness by the Hertzian contact model.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2004

Since the scale of vessels is growing up recently, some troubles between the shaft and after bush bearing are frequently reported. Generally, mean pressure on bush bearing is used as a design criterion. However, in some case of the long bearing such as after bush bearing of the propulsion shaft, it might be liable to be locally under high pressure. As for the main engine bearings and the intermediate shaft bearing, it is reasonable to take the mean pressure as a design criterion. But, in case of after bush bearing, it is not sufficient because of the possibility of high pressure caused by local contact. In this study, Hertzian contact condition was applied to evaluation of the local pressure for after bush bearing. To reduce the local maximum pressure, the height of the after bush bearing was controlled. It was found that local maximum pressure could be reduced effectively by taking a partial slope on the white metal of the aft bush bearing.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2012

With the local Hertz deformation on the contact point, the dynamic contact between a high-speed wheel and an elastic beam having a gap is numerically analyzed by solving the whole equations of motion of the wheel and the beam subjected to the contact condition. For the stability of the time integration the velocity and acceleration constraints as well as the displacement constraint are imposed on the contact point. Especially the acceleration contact condition on the gap is formulated, and it is demonstrated that the contact force variation computed by the velocity contact constraint or by the acceleration contact constraint agrees well with that computed by the displacement contact constraint. The numerical examples show that, when the wheel passes on the gap, the solution is governed by the stiffness of the local Hertzian deformation.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.460-460
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• 2014

Organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) have been extensively studied due to their unique properties such as flexibility, light-weight, easy processability, cost-effectiveness, and being environmental friendly. These advantages make them an attractive candidate for application in various novel fields and promising development with new features. Photovoltaic cell-integrated textiles have greatly attractive features as a power source for the smart textile solutions, and OPV is most ideal form factor due to advantage of flexibility. In this study, we develop a textile-based OPV through various experimental methods and we suggest the direction for the design of the photovoltaic textile. We used a textile electrode and tried to various layouts for textile-based OPV. Finally, we determined the contact area by using Hertzian theory for the calculation of power conversion efficiency (PCE). Based on the results of calculation, the short circuit current density, Isc, was $13.11mA/cm^2$ under AM 1.5condition and the PCE was around 2.5%.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.291-292
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• 2002

Using a low viscosity synthetic traction oil and a low viscosity mineral oil with nearly equal viscosity grade of ISO VG 32, the effect of kind of oil on the fatigue life of bearing steel rollers was examined. A pair of rollers finished the contact surfaces to a mirror-like condition were driven under rolling with sliding conditions of s = -3.2% and a maximum Hertzian stress in the range of $P_H=2.8GPa{\sim}4.0GPa$ was applied in point contact condition. As a result of experiments, the fatigue life with a mineral oil was longer than that with a traction oil under higher stress conditions above $P_H=3.4GPa$. Based on the numerical calculation results of the thermal EHL which simulates the present experiment, the authors discuss the reason why such a difference in the fatigue life comes out.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.399-405
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• 2014

Porous alumina with different porosities, 5.2 - 47.5%, were coated with cover-glass having a thickness of $160{\mu}m$, using epoxy adhesive. We investigated the effect of the porosity of the substrate layer on the crack initiation load, and the size of cracks propagated in the coating layer. Hertzian indentations were used to evaluate the damage behavior under a constrained loading condition. Typically, two types of cracks, ring cracks and radial cracks, were observed on the surface of the glass/porous alumina structure. Indentation stress-strain curves, crack initiation loads, crack propagation sizes, and flexural strengths were investigated as a function of porosities. The results indicated that a porosity of less than 30% and a higher substrate elastic modulus were beneficial at suppressing cracks occurrence and propagation. We expect lightweight mechanical components with high strength can be successfully fabricated by coating and controlling porosities in the substrate layer.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2017

VLCC 추진축계의 선미관 후부 베어링에서 주로 발생하는 발열 사고는 프로펠러 하중이 추진축을 처지게 하여 후방부에 과도한 국부압착압력이 작용하는 것이 주된 원인이다. 최근 VLCC는 엔진 출력이 크고 축 직경이 증가하는 반면 선미관전부 베어링과 후부 베어링 사이의 간격이 상대적으로 짧아져 축계 시스템의 유연성이 저하되는 경향이 있으며, 이로 인해 발열 사고 가능성에 대한 우려가 커지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선체의 변형에 대한 축계의 유연성을 확보하기 위한 방안으로 선미관 전부 베어링을 삭제하고 선미관 후부 베어링만을 설치한 새로운 축계 시스템의 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. 국부압착압력의 계산에 있어서는 접촉 너비를 따라 반 타원 형상의 압력 분포를 가정한 Hertzian 접촉 조건을 도입하였으며, 엔진 가동 상태의 프로펠러 하중, 열 효과 및 선체 변형을 고려하였다. 제안된 축계 시스템에 대한 해석을 통해 선미관 후부 베어링의 축 접촉면 재료인 화이트 메탈에 부분 경사를 추가 시공함으로써 설계 요구 조건이 만족됨을 확인하였다. 제안된 축계 시스템의 적용을 통해 발열 사고 예방을 위한 축계 유연성 확보 뿐 만 아니라 시스템의 단순화를 통한 설치비용의 감소 등 부가적인 효과도 기대할 수 있다.