• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.623-630
• /
• 1995

The impulse response functions (force-strain relations) for Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams are considered. The response of a beam to a transverse impact force is numerically obtained with the convolution approach using the impulse response function obtained by Laplace transform. Using this relation, the impact force history is determined in the time domain and results are compared with those from Hertz's contact law. The parameters of timpact force model are identified using the recovered force and compared with the Hertz's contact model. In order to verify the proposed algorithm, measurements were done using an impact hammer and a steel ball drop test and these results are also compared with the simulated values.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.152-159
• /
• 2001

In multibody dynamic analysis including contact and impact, there are two major analysis methods, i.e., piecewise analysis and continuous analysis. Modeling of contact phenomena is mainly classified with a Kelvin-Voigt model or a model of Hertz contact model. In this paper, a contact module fur AutoDyn7 program was developed and implemented. Both the Kelvin-Voigt model and a model of Hertz contact law were developed. The process of this module is composed of contact distinction and the contact force calculation. Two examples were verified and compared to the commercial program DADS.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2011

지진하중으로 인해 교량상부구조 간에 발생하는 충돌은 교량상부구조의 낙교, 교각의 파괴와 같은 국부적인 손상뿐만 아니라 교량전체시스템의 붕괴를 유발할 수 있다. 이와 같은 충돌의 영향은 신축이음부의 재질, 형태 및 교대부의 여유간격과 관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 교량상부구조 간에 발생하는 충돌에 대한 특성을 분석하기 위해 충돌해석 이론 중 가장 널리 활용되고 있는 접합요소 접근법(Linear Spring Model, Kelvin-Voigt Model, Hertz Model)에 대해서 고찰 하고 이를 실험적으로 검증하기 위해 탄성받침이 설치된 교량상부구조를 모형화한 콘크리트 교량모델에 대한 진동대 실험을 실시하였다. 기존의 충돌모델을 적용한 이론 해는 실험결과와 잘 부합되지 못하였으며, 이에 본 논문에서는 충돌강성에 적절한 적용계수 �� 를 이용하여 충돌 후 거동을 잘 모사할 수 있는 충돌강성 수준을 산출하였다. 충돌발생시 적절한 강성 및 재료의 동적특성, 충돌면의 형상 등에 따라 발생하는 충돌력의 크기가 달라지므로 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제19권spc1호
• /
• pp.422-428
• /
• 2005

In this paper, the contact force between two colliding bodies is modeled by using Hertz's force-displacement law and nonlinear damping function. In order to verify the appropriateness of the proposed contact force model, the drop type impact test is carried out for different impact velocities and different materials of the impacting body, such as rubber, plastic and steel. In the drop type impact experiment, six photo interrupters in series close to the collision location are installed to measure the velocity before impact more accurately. The characteristics of contact force model are investigated through experiments. The parameters of the contact force model are estimated using the optimization technique. Finally the estimated parameters are used to predict the impact force between two colliding bodies in opening action of the magnetic contactor, a kind of switch mechanism for switching electric circuits.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2011

The dynamic characteristics of valve train are responsible for the dynamic performances of engine. We derived the equation of motion for 6 degrees of freedom model of the valve train. Computer model is also developed with flexible multibody model considering contact between components. The simulation results with these two models are compared with experimental results. We investigated the effect of the two spring models, TSDA (Translational Spring Damper Actuator) element and flexible body model, on the valve behavior and spring force. It is found that the dynamic behavior of the two models are not very different at normal operational velocity of the engine. By modeling contact between cam and tappet, the stress distributions of the cam were found. Using stress distribution obtained, contact width and contact stresses of the cam surface were calculated with Hertz contact theory.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2019

In many industries, particle packing is adopted quite frequently. In the particle packing process, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) can analyze the multi-collision of particles efficiently. Two types of contact models are frequently used for the DEM. One is the linear spring model, which has the fastest calculation time, and the other is the Hertz-Mindlin model, which is the most frequently used contact model employing the DEM. Meanwhile, very tiny particles in the micrometer order are used in modern industries. In the micro length order, surface force is important to decreased particle size. To consider the effect of surface force in this study, we performed a simulation with the Hertz-Mindlin model and added the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory depicting surface force with surface energy. In addition, three contact models were compared with several parameters. As a result, it was found that the JKR model has larger residual stress than the general contact models because of the pull-off force. We also validated that surface force can influence particle behavior if the particles are small.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2007

Dynamic behaviors of the contact surface between ball and raceway in a guideway mechanism vary with the applied loads and hence affect the mechanical responses of machine tools. The study aims to investigate the nonlinear characteristics of dynamic behaviors at the rolling contact interface in linear guideway mechanisms. Firstly, analytical method was introduced to understand the contact behaviors based on Hertz contact theory in a point-to-point way. Then, the finite element approach with a three-dimensional surface-to-surface contact model and appropriate contact stiffness was developed to study the dynamic characteristics of such linear guideways. Finally, experiments with modal test were conducted to verify the significance of both the analytical and the numerical results. Results told that the finite element approach may provide significant predictions. The study results also concluded that the current nonlinear models based on Hertz's contact theory may accurately describe the contact characteristic of a linear guideway mechanism. In the modal analysis, it was told that the natural frequencies vary a little with different loading conditions; however, the mode shapes are changed obviously with the magnitude of applied loads. Therefore, the stiffness of contact interface needs to be properly adjusted during simulation which may affect the dynamic characteristics of the machine tools.

• 대한전기학회논문지
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 1992

This paper presents a cycloconverter with an LC resonant circuit for an induction motor drive. The cycloconverter can keep input displacement factor at 1.0 by independently controlling real and reactive power under any load conditions. Furthermore it can keep power factor at about 1.0 since input and output current waveforms are nearly sinusoidal. Since it uses high frequency resonant circuit for commutation source, it can produce an output voltage of hundreds of hertz. Since it is also possible to make a system of high capacity using the cycloconverter, it is appropriate to drive motors with high speed and high capacity as well as general purpose motors, In this paper, we describe the operating principles of the cycloconverter and power control algorithms, and analyze its waveforms and present its characteristics. Expermental results are shown for the volts/hertz control of the induction motor and the validity of the proposed model is verified.

• 소음진동
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.132-138
• /
• 1998

The dynamic response of symmetric cross-ply and angle-ply composite laminated plates under impact loads is investigated using a higher order shear deformation theory. A modified Hertz law is used to predict the impact loads and a four node finite element is used to model the plate. By using a higer order shear deformation theory, the out-of-plane shear stresses, which can be a crucial factor in the failure of composite plates, are determined with significant accuracy. This is accomplished by using a stress recovery technique using the in-plane stresses. The results compared with previous investigations showed good agreement. It can be seen that this method of analyzing impact problems is more efficient than current three dimensional methods in terms of time and expense.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 1986

A theoretical model was proposed to predict the rate of particles impinging on the negatively biased substrate and the total kinetic energy per unit time. The model takes into an account of kinetic theory based on Maxwell statistics and elementary plasma theory, incorporated with Hertz-Knudsen's evaporation theory. It is found that as the bias potential increases the ion flux and kinetic energy increases to a value above which the effect of potential is insignificant.