• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.194-200
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• 1984

Effects of seed coating on establishment, early growth and herbage production were investigated in Pot, Soil box and Field experiments. Seed was coated with 60% Lime, 20% Phosphate and 20% Peatmoss(W/W), also finely sprayed 13% Arabic gum and 2% Methyl cellulose(W/V). Coating were generally 1:20, seed: coat(W/W). 1. In the general growth of the growing stages and different oversown species at 80 days, seed coated was promoted than none in early growth. (Table 2 and 3) 2. Stand counts at 60 days after oversown, seed coated was higher 15% than none, especially, there was advantage due to coating on the medium and large size seeds such as Orchardgrass, Perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, but did not assist establishment of the large (Tall fescue) and small (Ladino clover) size seed. 3. Variation of sward composition was not quite different between two treatments, but seed coated was slightly increased the Percentage of sown grasses with advance of cutting time. 4. Total dry metter yield per unit area with seed coated was higher 17% than none in establishment year. 5. Variations in the chemical composition of the herbage and soil were influenced by coating materials in the coating regime (Table 8). 6. From these facts, seed coated also appeared that adequate seedling stands, early growth and herbage production could be obtained with higher than conventional overseeding method under a poor conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.157-161
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• 1988

To study the effect of moisture content of the diet on drinking behaviour and the amount of water drunk, observations were made on 8 Holstein steers fed either fresh cut forage or first cut hay. The observations were made in a barn with a mean temperature of about $13^{\circ}C$. Drinking occurred mainly within 3 hours after feeding for the steers fed hay, while those fed soilage drank casually. Frequency of drinking (F) was related to the dry-matter concentration (DMC, %) of herbage: F = 0.47 (${\pm}0.09$) DMC - 6.5, $SE={\pm}0.4$, r = 0.86, P<0.01. Intake of drinking water for each 100 kg of live weight (IDW/100kg) for steers fed soilage was related to the dry-matter concentration: IDW/100kg = 0.55 (${\pm}0.06$) DMC - 8.7, $SE={\pm}0.3$, r = 0.94, P<0.01. The intake of water in each drinking period for animals fed fresh forage was curvilinearly related to the drinking frequency; for the hay-fed steers there was a negative linear relationship. When the drinking frequency for steers fed the fresh forage increased to the same as that observed for the hay, water intake in each drinking period was the same as found for the hay-fed steers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

The chemical components in plant cuticular wax can be used as markers to estimate the species composition of the diet of grazing animals. In this experiment, composition of the diet of yak on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau was estimated using n-alkane analysis. During the grazing period, samples of whole plants of the species present, plus fecal samples voided by the yak, were collected, air-dried and ground prior to the extraction of cuticular wax n-alkanes. The species composition of the yak diets was estimated by relating fecal alkane contents to those of the plant species, using the 'ATWHAT'software package. The results showed that the n-alkane technique can detect the main dietary components selected by yak. The diet consumed by yak contained 33% Kobresia humilis, 67% Stipa aliena in summer pasture; 26% Potentilla anserine, 74% Carex qinghaiensis in autumn pasture; 52% Carex qinghaiensis, 32% Heteropappus bowerii and 16% Saussurea semifasciata in winter pasture and 5% Carex qinghaiensis, 95% Achnatherum splendens in spring pasture. The apparent selection for forbs is likely to be a reason for nutritional constraint of yak inhabiting alpine environments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1988

Insufficient herbage during the fall in the temperate areas of the world has been a serious limitation in animal production, but leafy brassicae are potentially very useful for extending the grazing season when the growth and quality of grass is poor. This study was conducted to determine the effects of cutting stage and N fertilization on dry matter (DM) yield, forage quality and chemical composition of forage rape (Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera). The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Livestock Farm of Seoul Nat'l Univ., at Suweon, during 1985- 1986. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. DM percentage and yield significantly increased as the growth period was prolonged and decreased as the N fertilization increased, but in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was unaffected by the treatments. 2. Plant height, DM yield and $NO_3$-N content significantly increased as the rate of N fertilization increased and DM percentage decreased, but the IVDMD was unaffected. 3. The forage rape had high percentage of crude protein and ash. Glutamic acid, pro!ine and aspartic acid were the major amino acids. Concentration of P, Ca and Mg were high.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1987

Information is needed on the plant characteristics affects by forage removal and their relationships to grain yield of italian ryegrass in order to combine herbage seed crop management and livestock farming. This study with tetraploid cv. Tetrone was carried out on the experimental field of Haenam Branch Station. treatments included two different seeding time, cutting time and frequency. Seeds were sown in row 50 cm width within the rows. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Fresh and dry matter were increased significantly in plots defoliated lately and many times but seed yield components were decreased significantly in plots defoliated in spring. 2. Autumn defoliation had no significant effect on the seed yield but seed yield were decreased significantly in plots defoliated later than 8 April. 3. Excess vegetative growth can be removed in autumn and early spring without harm to the seed crop and the most important aspect of its removal is the timing of the operation. 4. Seed yield reductions were accompanied by the decrease of inflorescences,seeds/spike, and thousand seeds weight, due to an increase in apex removal of vigorous tillers by late cutting.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 1990

The effects of coating materials on germination, establishment and herbage production were investigated in a laboratory and field over 1988-1989. For this purpose, four treatments of lime 50 % + briquet ash 50 %, briquet ash, dairy excreta and fowldung as coating material were applied to orchardgrass and red clover with meth ylcellulose. The germination rate of lime 50 % + briquet ash 50 % (70.6 %), briquet ash (84.0 %), dairy excreta (66.0 %) and fowldung (61.3 %) in orchardgrass were, showing lower than that of the control (86.6 %), respectively and the rate of red clover ranged from 59.0 to 18.6 %. Establishment in orchardgrass were from 2.0 to 0.9 %, showing lower than the control, whole a little higher except dairy excreta and fowldung treatments in red clover than the control. The DM yield of lime 50 % + briquet ash 50 % treatment was almost same to the control and other treatment showed lower yield compared with the yield of the control. The benefical effect of seed coating on field performance was minimal especially in terms of establishment and yield increase.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.331-340
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the type of swine manure on herbage productivity, the properties of soil and environmental pollution in mixed grassland. The field experiment was carried out on Livestock Breeding Station, Chonbuk in Korea from Nov. 2002 to Nov. 2005. Experimental plots were consisted of the types of swine manure, such as additional swine manure fermented with sawdust (SMFWS)+urea 50% and swine slurry (SS)+urea 50%. And then, chemical fertilizer (Urea) is used as control. DM yields of herbage were not different between chemical fertilizer and the type of swine manure. Feed values (CP, NDF, ADF, TDN) were not different between chemical fertilizer and swine manure treatments. After finishing with the experiment, Organic matter contents in soil increased. Organic matter, available phosphorous and Ca contents in swine manure treatment were higher than those of chemical fertilizer (p<0.05). $NO_3$-N and $NH_4$-N concentrations in leaching water in the mixed grassland was hardly influenced by application of swine manure and urea, whereas $NO_3$-N and $NO_3$-N levels in leaching water were less than 5 ppm.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.127-131
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• 1977

Various kinds of native herbage grasses like-Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta, Cymbopogen geirngii, Themeda japonica etc. are widely distributed in every Korean mountain. So we investigated the availability of native grass, Miscanthus sinensis as a substrate for the production of S. C. P. The results were obtained as follows. 1) At the alkali treatment, NaOH was the most effective with the exclusion of lignin, and pretreated Miscanthus with NaOH appeared to be a good substrate for the microbial growth. 2) When Miscanthus was treated with one to 10％ NaOH, the microbial growth increased in proportion to the increased alkali concentration. Beyond 4％ NaOH, a slight increase was observed. 3) Phosphoric acid, as a neutralizer, was the most effective in cell production after alkali treatment. 4) On the effect of incubation time, the productivity was best found at 60 hours, and the cell weight was 9.23 mg per 1 ml, and the microbial digestibility of substrate was 75.2％.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1996

This study was carried out to obtain good livestock production in comparison with 3 different pasture mixture (Control : TI = Potomac orchardgrass + Bastion perennial ryegrass + Fawn tall fescue + Regal white clover, T2 = Potomac orchardgrass + Bastion perennial ryegrass + Roa tall fescue + Regal white clover, T3 = Potomac orchardgrass + Bastion perennial ryegrass + Roa tall fescue + Tahora white clover) by grazing experiment used 45 dairy calves (about lOOkg liveweight) during the period from April to October, 1994 at the Isidole farm, Cheju. Daily liveweight gains of calves grazed during the experiment period were 331${\pm}$29, 352${\pm}$4, 356${\pm}$18g in treatment 1, 2 and 3 respectively, but did not get statistically significant difference. On compared the results with the period investigated, the period which was highest in daily liveweight gain was early grazing season b m May to June while the period shown to be lowest in daily liveweight gain was between late July and late August. Hehage intake rate did not get significant difference among treatments with results shown as 67${\pm}$1.2, 62${\pm}$5.1, 60${\pm}$9.6% in treatment 1, 2 and 3 respectively. And efficiency of conversation into animal product was high in treatment 2. It is considered that good results were not obtained in this study because tall fescue and white clover, important species in this trial did not cover the pasture well with slow establishment in 1st year after seeding.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 1983

To compare animal production and grazing behavior, Wye college rotational, set stocking, modified set stocking and zero grazing system were set in Alpine area. Each system has one hectar and 4 head of Korean native cow. In order to investigate grazing behavior, eye observation was made every 2.5 minute for 15 hours of daylight from 5 a.m. to 20p.m. Results obtained were as follows. 1. The system of Wye college and rotational grazing have greater output of live weight per hectar than that of other gazing system applied. But practically rotational and modified set stocking were thought to be convenient grazing system for hill pasture and also modified set stocking was simple to operate, so that it seemed to be recommended as an alternative to rotational grazing system. 2. The daily live weight gain was the highest in May, the lowest in July and after then steadily increased. 3. Grazing hour during daylight varied from 331.1 min to 576.0 min by grazing system, but by season, herbage availability, weather condition. 4. Korea native cow tended to have three primary grazing time begining at one hour after sunrise, noon, and around 15p.m.