• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1379-1384
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of water extract from Artemisiae Argi Folium Fermented with Lactobacillus pentosus (AFL) on hydrogen peroxide production within human hepatocyte HepG2 cells treated with gallic acid, EtOH, nicotine, acetaminophen, and acetaldehyde. AFL (0~400 ug/mL) was treated with gallic acid, EtOH, nicotine, acetaminophen, and acetaldehyde. And the intracellular productions of hydrogen peroxide were measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay. AFL showed the restoration of the intracellular productions of hydrogen peroxide which were reduced by gallic acid, EtOH, nicotine, acetaminophen, and acetaldehyde in HepG2 Cells. AFL could be supposed to have the hepatoprotective effect related with hepatocytologic signaling activity against gallic acid, EtOH, nicotine, acetaminophen, and acetaldehyde.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.261-264
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• 2002

The heartwood of Caeralpinia sappan L. (Leguminosae) has been used to activate blood flow, remove blood stasis, reduce swelling and relieve pain in Korean folk medicine. In this study. the antioxidant effects of this crude drug and its hepatoprotective activity on CCl$_4$-induced liver injury in rats were evaluated. The levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) reduced by CCl$_4$treatment, were recovered by this crude drug. It is suggested that Caesalpinia sappan L. have antioxidant effect. The increased levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) by CCl$_4$were also recovered by treatment with this crude drug. These results can be attributed to the agent's antioxidant and membrane - stabilizing actions.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 2006

Sachungwhan reduced hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$). Improved liver function was observed by measuring the activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine(CRE), total cholesterol(TCHO), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-CHO), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-CHO), total protein(TP), albumin(ALB) and total bilirubin(BIL) in serum. Hepatic parameters monitored were levels of cholesterol(CHO), triglyceride(TG), malondialdehyde(MDA), content of cytochrome P450(CYP), level of glutathione(GSH), and activities of NADPH-CYP reductase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione reductase(GR), glutathione peroxidase(GPx). The histopathological examination showed that the treatment of Sachungwhan relieved the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes which had been generated by $CCl_4$. The results suggested that hepatoprotective effects of Sachungwhan possibly are due to their promising antioxidative activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.185-191
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• 1997

Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) has been used as an analgesic and antiiflammatory agent and in the treatment of menstrual disorder in folk remedies. Cyperi Rhizomata, processed and unprocessed, were extracted with methanol and fractionated with petroleum ether, chloroform. Butanol, water. The effect of unprocessed Cyperi Rhizoma and processed Cyperi Rhizoma on $CCl_4$ induced lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxity have been tested in rats. BuOH. Water fractions of unprocessed Cyperi Rhizome enhanced the inhibition of antilipid peroxidative effects in liver lipid. In chemical parameters obtained from serum analysis. Butanol fraction of unprocessed Cyperi Rhizoma showed significant decrease in hepatotoxicity. In result, unprocessed Cyperi rhizoma has significant antilipid peroxidative effect and hepatoprotective activity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2735-2739
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• 2016

Curcumin, is a polyphenol from Curcuma longa (turmeric plant), is a polyphenol that belongs to the ginger family which has long been used in Ayurveda medicines to treat various diseases such as asthma, anorexia, coughing, hepatic diseases, diabetes, heart diseases, wound healing and Alzheimer's. Various studies have shown that curcumin has anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, thrombosuppressive, cardio protective, anti-arthritic, chemo preventive and anti-carcinogenic activities. It may suppress both initiation and progression stages of cancer. Anticancer activity of curcumin is due to negative regulation of inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, protein kinases, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oncogenes. This review focuses on the different targets of curcumin to treat cancer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.74-74
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• 1997

Chicory is used popularly. We use leaves of the plant as ordinary mea1, and roots as a substitute of tea materials. It also has been asserted that it has clinical effects on weakness, hepatic disease, diabetes, etc. However, experimental evidences are so insufficient that we started these studies. For antiinflammatory activity, MeOH Ex. was orally administered to rats, and decreased amounts of paw edema induced by carrageenan injection were measured. For bile secretion increament, rats were administered total MeOH, EtOAc fraction, and BuOH fraction Ex. respectively. One hour later, bile ducts were cannulated, and we collected bile every 20 minutes for 4 hours. For hepatoprotective activity, CCl$_4$-intoxicated mouse were treated with MeOH Ex., then s-GPT, S-GOT, and liver weight were measured. For antidiabetic activity, rats were induced diabetes by streptozocin 45mg/kg(i.v) injection. One week later, 1000mg/kg of total MeOH Ex. of chicory root was orally administered. We divided rats into three groups. Group 1 rats were administered only once, group 2 ones once a day for one week, and group 3 ones for three weeks. The concentrations of serum glucose were measured before and after administration. For antihypertensive activity, SHR were administrated total MeOH Ex. of chicory once a day for 8 days, and were measured blood pressure on 1st, 3rd, 6th and 8th day. Total MeOH, EtOAc fraction, and BuOH fraction Ex. increased bile secretion in rats, and decreased liver toxicity induced by CCl$_4$ in mouse. Total MeOH, Ex. of chicory roots has antiinflammatory effect, and decreased blood glucose concentration in group 2 and 3 rats. It was revealed not lowering blood pressure significantly in SHR.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.69-99
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• 2011

Objective : Scutellaria baicalensis is one of the most popular and multi-purpose herb in traditional medicine. It is also useful for its practicability to cultivate in Korea. The purpose of this study is to contribute to researches and applications of scutellaria baicalensis by analyzing and reviewing international researches on the compositions and the effects of scutellaria baicalensis. Methods : This study analyzed 146 articles from PubMed by searching with the keyword "Scutellaria baicalensis", "Huang quin", "Baical Skullcap", "Huang qin", "baical skullcap root", "ogon", "Hwanggeum" and "Hwangkeum", published within the last 10 years(from 2000 to 2009). We reviewed the 146 articles on Scutellaria baicalensis and its active constituents in terms of 'Active constituents', 'Experimental studies', 'Clinical studies', 'Drug interaction', 'Side Effects/Toxicity' and 'Pharmacokinetics'. Results : The active constituents of Scutellaria baicalensis are flavonoids such as baicalein, baicalin, wogonin and oroxylin-A. It is reported that scutellaria baicalensis and its active compounds have antiinflammatory activity, antitumor activity, antioxidant activity, antiviral and antibiotic activity, neuroprotective effects, hepatoprotective effects and cardiovascular effect. Conclusions : This study is aimed to summarize the results obtained within the last 10 years and to contribute to following researches and applications of Scutellaria baicalensis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2015-2020
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• 2012

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid in food materials and is a component of the leaves and roots of Olea europaea, Viscum album L., Aralia chinensis L. and more than 120 other plant species. There are several reports validating its antitumor activity against different cancer cells apart from its hepatoprotective activity. However, antitumor activity against skin cancer has not beed studied well thus far. Hence the present study of effects of OA against HaCaT (immortalized keratinocyte) cells - a cell-based epithelial model system for toxicity/ethnopharmacology-based studies - was conducted. Radical scavenging activity ($DPPH{\cdot}$) and FRAP were determined spectrophotometrically. Proliferation was assessed by XTT assay at 24, 48 and 72 hrs with exposure to various concentrations (12.5-200 ${\mu}M$) of OA. Apoptotic induction potential of OA was demonstrated using a cellular DNA fragmentation ELISA method. Morphological studies were also carried out to elucidate its antitumor potential. The results revealed that OA induces apoptosis by altering cellular morphology as well as DNA integrity in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner, with comparatively low cytotoxicity. The moderate toxicity observed in HaCaT cells, with induction of apoptosis, possibly suggests greater involvement of programmed-cell death-mediated mechanisms. We conclude that OA has relatively low toxicity and has the potential to induce apoptosis in HaCaT cells and hence provides a substantial and sound scientific basis for further validation studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.819-827
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, alcohol metabolizing, and hepatoprotective effects of hot water (MOW) and 80% ethanol (MOE) extracts from moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaf. The total phenol content of MOW and MOE were 45.49 and 63.06 mg tannic acid equivalents/g, respectively. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities of MOW and MOE were remarkably elevated in a dose-dependent manner, and about 60.8% and 71.3% at 1 mg/mL, respectively (P<0.01). Superoxide dismutase-like activities of MOW and MOE were 2.8% and 7.4% at 5 mg/mL, respectively (P<0.05). ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ inhibitory activity also increased in a dose-dependent manner in both extracts, and MOE was higher about two times than MOW at 5 mg/mL (P<0.001). The effects of MOW and MOE on alcohol metabolizing activity were determined by measuring generation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). ADH and ALDH activities significantly increased upon addition of MOW and MOE (P<0.05). Anti-inflammatory activity was examined in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Nitric oxide production was reduced to 32.1% and 81.2% by addition of MOW and MOE at 1 mg/mL, respectively (P<0.05). MOW and MOE showed significant protective effects against tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep3B cells at $100{\mu}g/mL$. These results suggest that moringa leaf extracts have great potential as natural health products.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.509-526
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• 2017

Background and objectives : Soeumin Bojungykgi-tang (seBYTE) has been used to supplement qi in Korean medicine. It has been demonstrated to possess various biological functions such as anti-cancer, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study evaluated the protective roles of seBYTE in hepatotoxic in vitro and in vivo model. Methods : To investigate cytoprotective effect of seBYTE, HepG2 cells were pretreated with seBYTE and then subsequently exposed to $10{\mu}m$ AA for 12 h, followed by $5{\mu}m$ iron. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins was evaluated by immunoblot analysis. For responsible molecular mechanisms, ROS production, GSH contents, and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured. In addition, hepatoprotective effect of seBYTE in vivo was assessed in $CCl_4$-induced animal model. Results : seBYTE prevented AA + iron-induced cytotoxicity in concentration dependent manner. In addition, ROS production, GSH depletion, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by AA + iron were significantly reduced by seBYTE pretreatment. Furthermore, seBYTE recovered expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins such as PARP and pro-caspase-3. In animal experiment, plasma ALT and AST levels were significantly elevated in $CCl_4$ treatment, but seBYTE significantly decreased the ALT and AST levels. Moreover, seBYTE alleviated the numbers of histological activity index, percentages of degenerative regions, degenerated hepatocytes, infiltrated inflammatory cells, nitrotyrosine- and 4-hydroxynonenal-positive cells in liver. Conclusions : These results showed that hepatoprotective effect of seBYTE against on $CCl_4$-induced hepatic damages is partly due to antioxidative and anti-apoptotic process.