• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.229-234
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• 1986

The present experiment was intended to determine the effect of pollen load on chloroform-induced hepatic and renal damage in albino rats. The subjects were administered with the graded concentration of chloroform and an additional amount of pollen load to some groups, and the result of which was: 1. Fatty changes and necrosis in liver and kidneys of the experimental group became more severe according to the chloroform concentration. 2. The tissue damage decreased in the pollen-treated groups. But the higher the concentration of chloroform administered with pollen is, the less the damaged tissue is rehabilitated.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.69-81
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• 1971

The effects of n-hexane and tetrachlorodiphenyl on the growth rate, the blood picture and histopathological change induced were observed in chicken. A total of 350 chicken were fed various daily dosages of n-hexane and tetrachlorodiphenyl for the experimental period of 60 days. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The growth rate of chicken in the group fed 100 ppm of tetrachlorodiphenyl was reduced (p<0.05). However no significant results were observed in the other dosage groups. 2. The reduction of the growth rate was found only in the liver and the kidney but not found in the other orgns. 3. No significant results were found in the number of erythrocytes and hematocrit value. However, the number of leukcocytes of chicken in the group fed 100 ppm of tetrachlorodiphenyl was significantly low. 4. In both n-hexane and tetrachlorodiphenyl groups, the number of lymphocytes was found to decrease but the number of basophiles and eosinophiles were found to increase (p<0.05). 5. All the chicken fed 300 ppm of tetrachlorodiphenyl died between 7th and 9th days. 6. Fatty change of hepatic cells and cloudy swelling of epithelia of renal tubules were found in the group fed 0.5 ml of n-hexane. However, in the group fed more the 100 ppm, fatty change of hepatic cells was followed by necrosis and comparatively severe cloudy swelling was found in epithelia of renal tubules.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2006

[ ${\alpha}-Naphthylisothiocyanate$ ] (ANIT) induces intrahepatic cholestasis, involving damage to biliary epitheial cells. This study investigates hepatic gene expression and histopathological alterations in response to ANIT treatment in order to elucidate early time response of ANIT-induced hepatotoxicity. ANIT was treated with single dose (3, 6, and 60 mg/kg) in corn oil by oral gavage. Serum biochemical and histopathological observation were performed for evaluation of hepatotoxicity level. Affymetrix oligo DNA chips were used for gene expression profile by ANIT-induced hetpatoxicity. Hepatic enzyme levels (ALT, AST, and ALP) were increased in 24 hr high dose group. In microscopic observations, moderate hepatocellular necrosis, were confirmed 24 hr high dose groups. We found that gene expression patterns were dependent on time and dose. Our selected genes were related inflammation and immunomodulation. In this study, ANIT-induced hepatotoxicity was involved in acute phase responses and provides evidence for role of neutrophil could be mechanism associated with ANIT-mediated hepatotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2000

GRF (Korean Red Ginseng mixed formula) consists of six herbs such as Ginseng Radix rubra Koreana, Lycii Fructus, Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, Poria, and Glycyrrhizae Radix and Hoveniae Fructus. For the evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of GRF, the study was performed on protective effect against hepatic damage induced by galactosamine in vitro and ccl4 in vivo and also elucidate antioxidant activity. In vitro assay with 1.1 mM galactosamine, protection (%) was 44% (GR), and 58% (GRF-A) at 50 ug/ml. GRF effectively protected fatty degenertion and necrosis in murine hepatic damage induced by ccl4. For the -antioxidant study, GRF inhibited hemolysis of erythrocyte and decolored DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl) free radical in a dose dependent manner more effetively than GR alone in vitro. GRF and GR significantly suppressed the time course $(1\;hr{\sim}6\;hr)-level$ of MDA (malondialdehyde) following AAPH (2,2'-azo-bis-(2-amidino -propane) dihydrochloride) treatment in vivo as compared with control data. From the results it can be concluded GR and GRF exerted the hepatoprotective effect by dint of antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

Objectives: Alcoholic fatty liver is a potentially pathologic condition which can progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Scutellaria Radix (SR) extract on the alcoholic fatty liver induced by long-term EtOH administration. Results: Male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. All animals were randomly divided into Normal group, treated with saline (n=10); EtOH group, treated with ethanol (n=10); EtOH+SR group, treated with ethanol+Scutellaria Radix extract (n=10). For oral administration of ethanol in EtOH and EtOH+SR group, the ethanol was dissolved in distilled water in concentrations of 25% (v/v). Throughout the experiment of 8 week, the rats were allowed free access to water and standard chow. Sample group were administrated by Scutellaria Radix extract daily for 8 weeks. Results: The levels of hepatic marker such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were altered. Histopathological changes such as ballooning, fatty and hydropic degeneration were reduced and the expression of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) was significantly attenuated by Scutellaria Radix extract. Conclusions: These data suggest that Scutellaria Radix extract attenuated the alcoholic simple fatty liver by improving hepatic lipid metabolism via suppression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ protein. Scutellaria Radix could be effective in protecting the liver from alcoholic fatty liver.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mitigating insulin resistance and hyperglycemia is associated with a decreased risk of diabetic complications. The effect of Daraesoon (shoot of hardy kiwi, Actinidia arguta) on hyperglycemia was investigated using a type 2 diabetes animal model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Seven-week-old db/db mice were fed either an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing 0.4% of a 70% ethanol extract of Daraesoon, whereas db/+ mice were fed the AIN-93G diet for 7 weeks. RESULTS: Consumption of Daraesoon significantly reduced serum glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin levels, along with homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance in db/db mice. Conversely, Daraesoon elevated the serum adiponectin levels compared to the db/db control group. Furthermore, Daraesoon significantly decreased both serum and hepatic triglyceride levels, as well as serum total cholesterol levels. Additionally, consumption of Daraesoon resulted in decreased hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that hypoglycemic effect of Daraesoon is mediated through the improvement of insulin resistance and the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in db/db mice.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1084-1098
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Previous research has shown maternal betaine supplementation alleviates fetal-derived hepatic steatosis. Therefore, this study examined the anti-inflammatory effect of maternal betaine intake in offspring mice and its mechanism. MATERIALS/METHODS: Female C57BL/6J mice and their offspring were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the treatment received during gestation and lactation: control diet (CD), fatty liver disease (FLD), and fatty liver disease + 1% betaine (FLD-BET). The FLD group was given a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD + STZ), and the FLD-BET group was treated with HFD + STZ + 1% betaine. After weaning, the offspring mice were given a normal diet for 5 weeks and then dissected to measure the relevant indexes. RESULTS: Compared to the CD group, the offspring mice in the FLD group revealed obvious hepatic steatosis and increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; maternal betaine supplementation reversed these changes. The hepatic mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-18, and Caspase-1 were significantly higher in the FLD group than in the CD group. Maternal betaine supplementation reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC). Maternal betaine supplementation also reversed the increasing protein expressions of nitric oxide dioxygenase-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in offspring mice exposed to HFD + STZ. Maternal betaine supplementation decreased the homocysteine (Hcy) and s-adenosine homocysteine (SAH) levels significantly in the livers. Furthermore, the hepatic Hcy concentrations showed significant inverse relationships with the mRNA expression of TNF-α, NLRP3, ASC, and IL-18. The hepatic SAH concentration was inversely associated with the IL-1β mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: The lipotropic and anti-inflammatory effect of maternal betaine supplementation may be associated with the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in the livers of the offspring mice.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1099-1109
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• 2018

Objective: In a proof of concept study, we compared no-touch radiofrequency ablation (NtRFA) in bipolar mode with conventional direct tumor puncture (DTP) in terms of local tumor control (LTC), peritoneal seeding, and tumorigenic factors, in the rabbit VX2 subcapsular hepatic tumor model. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two rabbits with VX2 subcapsular hepatic tumors were divided into three groups according to the procedure: DTP-RFA (n = 25); NtRFA (n = 25); and control (n = 12). Each of the three groups was subdivided into two sets for pathologic analysis (n = 24) or computed tomography (CT) follow-up for 6 weeks after RFA (n = 38). Ultrasonography-guided DTP-RFA and NtRFA were performed nine days after tumor implantation. LTC was defined by either achievement of complete tumor necrosis on histopathology or absence of local tumor progression on follow-up CT and autopsy. Development of peritoneal seeding was also compared among the groups. Serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured via ELISA (Elabscience Biotechnology Co.) after RFA for tumorigenic factor evaluation. Results: Regarding LTC, there was a trend in NtRFA (80%, 20/25) toward better ablation than in DTP-RFA (56%, 14/25) (p = 0.069). Complete tumor necrosis was achieved in 54.5% of DTP-RFA (6/11) and 90.9% of NtRFA (10/11). Peritoneal seeding was significantly more common in DTP-RFA (71.4%, 10/14) than in NtRFA (21.4%, 3/14) (p = 0.021) or control (0%). Elevations of HGF, VEGF or IL-6 were not detected in any group. Conclusion: No-touch radiofrequency ablation led to lower rates of peritoneal seeding and showed a tendency toward better LTC than DTP-RFA.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.370-378
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• 2019

The hepatic ischemic model has recently been widely used for the epidemiological study of ischemic reperfusion injury. This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of vanillin, which is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, against hepatic and renal injury using an ischemia-reperfusion rat model, and we also investigated the mechanism related to vanillins' protective effect. The test material was administered at a concentration of 100 mg/kg for 3 days, followed by ligation of the liver for 60 minutes to induce ischemia reperfusion. As control groups, there was a negative control, sham control and ischemia-reperfusion-only ischemia reperfusion control, and the controls groups were compared with the drug administration group. In the vanillin group, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were significantly inhibited compared with the AST and ALT activities of the ischemia-reperfusion group, and histopathological examination showed significant reduction of both inflammation and necrosis. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were significantly different from the ischemia-reperfusion group. In conclusion, vanillin showed a hepatocyte protective action by alleviating the cellular inflammation and cell necrosis caused by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, and vanillin mitigated inflammatory changes in the kidney glomeruli and distal tubules. The protective effect is considered to be caused by vanillin's antioxidant function. Further studies such as on cell death and possibly vanillin's same effect on damaged tissue will be necessary for clinical applications such as organ transplantation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.569-581
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the pathogenesis of canine herpesvirus(CHV) infection in dogs. The 17 puppies, one day old, delivered from CHV seronegative 3 dams were divided into two groups. The 13 puppies were inoculated intranasally with 1ml of CHV-KK inoculum($5{\times}10^{5.6}TCID_{50}/ml$) and 4 puppies were served as control. And then the puppies were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 and 7 days after the treatment, and collected blood, nasal mucosa, trigeminal nerve, trigeminal ganglion, bone marrow, eye, brain and other major organs. These organs were examined histopathologically and electron microscopically. The platelets of puppies infected with CHV were dramatically decreased because of the damages of vascular endothelial cells. Histopathologically, necrotizing vasculitis and neuritis were proceeded the generalized focal necrosis of all organs. Necrotic changes in trigeminal ganglion, trigeminal nerve and ventroposteriomedial nucleus of thalamus were observed in 4 puppies infected with CHV. Herpesviral particles, various forms of maturation, were observed in endothelial cells of the alveolar capillary and hepatic sinusoid with electron microscopy. These results suggest that the generalized focal necrcsis of all organs including brain and eyes in canine herpesvirus infection were resulted from generalized vasculitis, and also the hemonecrotizing meningoencephalitis was related to the necrosis of trigeminal nerve pathway.