• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.63-63
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• 2002

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2013

The purpose of the present study is to determine whether Schisandra chinensis (SC) has a protective effect on high fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver including hepatic lipid accumulation in rats. The HFD-induced obese rats were weighed after SC extracts were administered through the gastrointestinal tract at a concentration of 250 mg/kg b.w/day for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks, all of the rats on a high fat-diet were 36.5% heavier compared with normal controls. In contrast, rats on a high-fat diet supplemented with SC were 23.5% lighter than rats fed only a high-fat diet. Although there was no significant difference in food intake among the groups during the experimental diet period, the body weight gain of the SC group was significantly lower than the weights of the HFD groups. SC treatment slightly decreased the liver weight. Reduction of hepatic TBARS contents by SC was observed in rats fed a diet containing SC, and antioxidant activity was markedly increased in HFD＋SC group compared to those of HFD group in liver. Moreover, total-lipid and triglyceride contents in the liver of groups fed a diet containing SC were significantly lower compared to those of the HFD group. High fat feeding elevated liver cholesterol concentration, but the addition of SC to the HFD rats resulted in the significant decrease in liver cholesterol. In histological observation of liver tissues, the hepatocytes of HFD rats showed a typical fatty liver morphology showing numerous lipid droplets in cytoplasm, whereas administration of SC reduced the size and numbers of lipid droplets. These results clearly demonstrated the attenuation of SC on nonalcoholic fatty liver induced by obese rats fed HFD.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.932-938
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• 1999

The present study was designed to determine long-term feeding effects of vitamin E and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) on serum biochemical profiles, organ weight, and intestinal and hepatic antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in ICR mice. Four wk old ICR mice (n=8 per group) were fed the diets supplemented with vitamin E (I ; 0.03% and II ; 0.3%) and BHT (I ; 0.05% and II ; 0.5%) for 12 months. Feeding the diets containing vitamin E and BHT had no effects on growth and serum biochemical profiles. However, feeding the diets supplemented with 0.5% BHT for 12 months significantly increased liver weight of the mice. In the small intestine, there were no effects of vitamin E or BHT on SOD and GSH-PX activities in the mucosa. However, the activity of intestinal GST of the mice that received 0.5% BHT was almost twice as high as that of control mice. In the liver, the activity of SOD was not affected by feeding antioxidants for 12 months, whereas GSH-PX activity was significantly increased in mice that received the diets containing BHT (0.05%, 0.5%) and vitamin E (0.03%, 0.3%). In addition, supplementation of 0.5% BHT markedly enhanced hepatic GST activity compared with other groups. Enhanced activity of GSH-PX in response to feeding vitamin E or BHT might aid hepatic enzymes to eliminate active oxygen in organs from mice. However, we could not exclude the possibility of increased lipid peroxidation by high dosage of BHT supplementation. More detailed study is necessary for assessment of preventive or toxicological effects of high dosage of BHT supplementation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1215-1226
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects of extracts of persimmon leaf (PWE), buckwheat leaf (BWE), and chinese matrimony vine leaf (LWE) in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were divided into four groups: HFD (35% fat, w/w), HFD (38.5% fat, w/w) supplemented with PWE (10%, w/w), BWE (10%, w/w), and LWE (10%, w/w) groups. The epididymal, perirenal, and interscapular white adipose tissue (WAT) weights as well as plasma leptin level were lowest in the LWE group. Supplementation with PWE and BWE also tended to lower the perirenal and retroperitonal WAT weights compared to the HFD control group, and there was a significant decrease in plasma leptin concentration. Furthermore, plasma triglyceride concentration, hepatic cholesterol content, and hepatic lipid droplet accumulation were significantly lower in the PWE, BWE, and LWE groups than in the HFD group. BWE supplementation markedly lowered plasma total cholesterol concentration, although there were no significant differences in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration and ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol among the groups. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly higher in the PWE and LWE groups than in the HFD group, and hepatic ACAT was not changed by extract supplementation. However, supplementation with PWE, BWE, and LWE significantly increased fecal acidic sterol content in rats fed a HFD. These results suggest that supplementation with PWE, BWE, and LWE may be an effective anti-obesity strategy by lowering body fat weight and improving plasma and hepatic lipid profiles in HFD-fed rats.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.137-145
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• 2016

This study evaluated the effect of Allium hookeri roots on lipid metabolism of the serum, liver, and adipose tissues induced by a high-fat diet in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into four groups with 8 rats per group for 4 weeks: the normal-diet group (N), the high-fat diet (HFD) group, the HFD containing 3% Allium hookeri (HFD-A3) group, and the HFD containing 5% Allium hookeri (HFD-A5) group. The results showed that the body weight gain and food intake of rats in the HFC-A3 and HFC-A5 groups were significantly decreased compared with those in the HFD group. The epididymal adipose tissue weight in the HFD-A5 group was significantly decreased compared with those in the HFD group, and adipose tissue weights of liver and mesenteric adipose tissues in the HFD-A3 and HFD-A5 groups were significantly decreased compared with those in the HFD group. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations, atherogenic index, and cardiac risk factor were significantly lower in the HFD-A3 and HFD-A5 groups than in the HFD group. Serum lipid profiles, as well as ALT and AST activities did not show any difference in all groups. Serum ALP and LDH activities were suppressed in the HFD-A5 group compared with those in the HFD group. The hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of rats in the HFD-A5 group was significantly lower than those in the HFD group. Moreover, triglyceride and total cholesterol in the epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissues were significantly lower in the HFD-A5 group than in the HFD group. These results demonstrated that the intake of Allium hookeri showed a hypolipidemic effect, changing the lipid metabolsim of a high-fat diet induced rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.422-427
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• 2008

The effect of plum wine on lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation in rats with chronic ethanol consumption was evaluated. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following 4 groups; water (NC), alcohol control (AC), low concentration plum wine (LP) and plum wine (P). The alcohol content of experimental drinking water of AC, LP and P were 6%, 6% and 12%, respectively. Animals were fed AIN-76 diet and experimental drinking water for 4 weeks. LP group showed significantly decreased liver weight per 100 g body weight, the levels of total cholesterol and atherogenic index in plasma whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol was significantly increased in comparison to that of AC group. LP and P groups showed significantly decreased total lipid, total cholesterol in liver tissue, AST and ALT activities of plasma as compared with that of AC group. LP and P groups showed a significant decrease in the level of plasma lipid peroxidation products and LP group showed a significant decrease in the level of liver lipid peroxidation products as compared with that of AC group. These results suggest that supplementation of low concentration plum wine may exert more beneficial effects than pure alcohol beverage on lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation products in chronically alcohol-treated animals by improving lipid profiles in plasma and liver tissues and decreasing plasma and hepatic lipid peroxidation product.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1436-1444
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• 2013

To improve the functionality of black garlic drinks, black garlic extract (5%) and five herb extracts (1%) were mixed in 70:30 (v/v) ratios as BHF1, and BHF2 was prepared using a 3X concentration of BHF1. After the black garlic and herb formulas (BHFs) were administered over the course of five weeks in rats by interval running training, the lipid profiles and the antioxidant enzyme activities were tested. The total phenolic content of the BHFs were significantly higher in BHF2 than they were in BHF1, and their antioxidant activities were dependent upon the total phenolic content. No significant difference was found in the total serum protein levels among the rats in the Ex-con group by interval running training and the rats in the BHFs-fed groups. However, the albumin level was significantly higher in the Ex-BHF2 to Ex-con group. AST and ALT activities significantly decreased in the BHFs-fed groups compared to the Ex-con group. In terms of changes in the serum lipid profiles, no significant difference was found between the specimens that underwent interval running training and those that did not undergo interval running training. Triglyceride levels, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HTR levels in the serum were significantly decreased in the Ex-BHF2 to Ex-con group. No significant difference was found in the total lipid levels in the livers of the BHFs-fed groups and the Ex-con group. The triglyceride levels and total cholesterol levels in the Ex-BHF2 group were significantly lower compared to another group. Hepatic catalase activity was significantly increased in the Ex-BHF2 group, but SOD and GSH-px activities were significantly increased as the concentration of the BHF. The antioxidant enzyme activities by supplementation of BHFs increased; thus, three intakes of BHF each day could improve antioxidant status against different types of oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.1244-1250
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• 2008

This study was carried out investigate the effects of chungkukjang added with onion (OC) and chungkukjang (C) on the lipid and antioxidant metabolisms of hypercholesterolemic rats. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups after 1-week adaptation period and were fed a normal diet, high fat-cholesterol diet (HC), HC-OC or HC-C for 8 weeks, respectively. The supplementation of HC-OC and HC-C groups significantly reduced hepatic total cholesterol and AST activity. HC-C group increased high density lipoprotein, while decreasing low density lipoprotein and AI compared with HC-OC group. Conjugated dienes of HC-C group was significantly lower than those of HC-OC group. $H_2O_2$ induced DNA damage reduced significantly in HC-OC and HC-C groups compared with high fat-cholesterol diet group. $H_2O_2$ induced DNA damage exhibited significant positive correlations with hepatic total cholesterol, AST and CD. These results suggested that supplementation of chungkukjang or chungkukjang added with onion might be helpful in preventing lipid oxidation and leukocytic DNA damage. However, the health beneficial effect has not improved by the addtion of onion in chungkukjang.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.580-585
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of defatted soybean grits (DSG) on body lipidmetabolism with 4 weeks of feeding on a high-fat diet. The rats were divided into the following 4 groups: control group (Con), control group treated with 20% DSG (C20D), high-fat group (HF), and high-fat group treated with 20% DSG (HF20D). The plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the HF20D group than in the HF group. On the other hand, the DSG supplement resulted in a significant increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels. The DSG supplement reduced the hepatic total lipid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride contents as compared to what was observed in the HF diet groups. In addition, the fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride contents increased in the DSG treatment groups. The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activities were demonstrated to be significantly lower in the HF20D group than in the HF group. These results showed that the DSG powder lowered plasma cholesterol levels, tissue lipid contents, and cholesterol accumulation in the rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1171-1176
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Cassia tora ethanol extract on the lipid levels in serum and liver of rats fed high cholesterol diet. Experimental rats were divided into the following 4 groups: normal diet group, high cholesterol diet group, high choleslerol-0.25% C. tora ethanol extract group and high cholesterol-0.5% C. tora ethanol extract group. After 4 weeks, rats were sacrificed and analyzed the serum lipid profiles, activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and malic enzyme (ME). It was also determined the contents of total cholesterol, triglyceride and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in liver. There was no difference in weight gains between experimental groups. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid were tended to be decreased in C. tora groups compared with control group. HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly decreased in high cholesterol diet group and slightly increased by C. tora ethanol extract feeding. The contents of liver cholesterol and triglyceride were higher in high cholesterol diet group than normal group, but significantly decreased by feeding of C. tora ethanol extract. Supplementation of 0.5% C. tora extract decreased significantly the activities of hepatic G6PDH and ME. Activities of serum AST, ALT and contents of liver TBARS were tended to be increased with high cholesterol diet and reduced by C. tora ethanol extract supplementation but had not significance. These results suggest that C. tora ethanol extract may exert a lipid lowering effect in serum and liver of rats.