• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2010

King Heonjong was the twenty-fourth King of the Joseon Dynasty. He took the throne when he was only 8 years old, and had to go through power politics of maternal relations. During his period, situations worsened in both domestic and foreign affairs, meaning the beginning fall of the Joseon Dynasty. In respect to the diseases and treatments of King Heonjong, there appeared very few articles compared with the previous Kings, in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, the Journal of Royal Secretariat, and the Diary of Kings of the Joseon Dynasty. He caught small pox and recovered in 10 days at the age of 17. Some articles showed that he suffered from symptom of indigestion, dyspepsia and edema. He died at 23 and had no descendants. We assume that the cause of death was due to worsening of kidney failure.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2019

A major performance stage carpenter, Jang Insang led performance stages from the 1719 Sukjong Royal Banquet and was confirmed by historical records to be the first craftsman. Lee Wandeuk led the Hwaseong Fortress performance stages of the Jeongjo period and Gichuk Jinchan performance stages of the Sunjo period. The carpenter techniques he used during the Jeongjo period were succeeded to the Sunjo period. Ahn Sungil was the head craftsman who led the performance stages of Jagyeongjeon Jinjak, Muja Jinjak, and Gichuk Jinchan of the Sujo period, under which the foundation for court palace performances was laid. The progression of major carpenters includes Jang Insang of the Sukjong period, Jeon Yoochu of the Yeongjo period, Ahn Sugil of the Sunjo period, Yoon Seoksin of the Heonjong period, Kim Yoonsik of the Gojong period, Lee Jongyoon, Kim Soongil, Seo Sangmook, and Han Sujoon. In addition, the Major Repair of Injeongjeon Hall (1857) of the Cheoljong period was the most important palace construction project for transferring the carpenters' skills. Through this project, Ahn Sungil of the Sunjo period, Kim Myeonggap, Yoon Seoksin of the Heonjong period, Kwon Deuknyang, and Kim Sungil of the Gojong period were able to interact with each other. That is, this major repair project of Injeongjeon Hall reflected the major carpenters' best techniques through performance stage construction, showing the progression of Ahn Sungil, Yoon Seokshin, and Kim Sungil, who led the constructions of Gichuk Jinchan of the Sunjo period (1829), Mushin Jinchan of the Heonjong period (1848), and Jeonghae Jinchan of the Gojong period (1887), the most impressive performance stages of the late Joseon period. The carpenters of the court performance stages participated in important construction projects of the royal palace, reflecting the superior technical skills of the carpenters in the construction of court palace performance stages. The carpenters who played a leading role in the construction of performance stages were able to interact with one another and transfer their excellent technical skills, providing the driving force that allowed court performance stages to blossom into splendid and high-quality court stages in the late Joseon Dynasty.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2018

The stylobate for expanding the external stage area was the most frequently installed installment out of the installments installed for royal court ceremonies. The stylobate was installed for various ceremonies such as funeral rites, ancestral rites, customary formalities, state examination, feasts for celebrating a honored guest of the court, queen's silkworm cultivating ceremony, heir appointment, the presentation of honorary titles for the king or queen in honor of their merits, and entertainment of foreign dignitaries. The exact period stylobates came to be used for the play stage. The stylobate consists of the 紅座板, 屯太木, 竹欄間, 足木, and the 層橋. Depending on the 足木, the substructure of the stylobate, the stylobate could be divided into the 長足木, 中足木, 短足木, 平足木 type. The detail structure of the stylobate changed in form from the jokmok and duntaemok that appeared until the time of King Seonjo, into the 長屯太木, 短屯太木, and the 短短屯太木 during the time of King Heonjong. With the introduction of the 中足木, materials began to become more segmented and the structure stronger. According to existing records, while the height of the stylobate was not significantly high prior to King Seonjo's reign, the 十四層雲橋 and the 十三層層橋 introduced during the time of Emperor Gojong was designed to reflect his rank in external ceremonies while the eight story step bridge was exhibited in internal ceremonies to reflect the rank of Queen Mother Sinjeong. From here, we can deduce that the fourteen and thirteen story cloud bridges representing the king was of a higher grade than the eight story step bridge which represented the queen mother. Finishing by adding boards to the lower part of the stylobates began to appear in the time of King Seonjo. During King Heonjong's reign, the lower finish became gentrified with a thin board called 修粧板, and yeomupan 廉隅板 for decorating the edges of the stylobates were installed. Such style of finishing the lower part of the stylobate with boards mostly appeared in elaborate feasts 進饌 and celebrations 進宴 within the royal court 內宴. The stylobates appeared to have served not only practical purposes such as expanding the stage area, but also as installments which realize the authority and prestige of the royal crown. They were installed according to the purpose of the ceremony and the rank of the participant. In short, stylobates became established during King Seonjo's reign, became segmented and gentrified during King Heonjong's reign, and began to take height variations during Emperor Gojong's reign to reflect the rank and authority of the king and queen mother. As such, it can be considered another characteristic of Joseon Dynasty architecture.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2019

본 연구는 김정희가 제주도 유배 전후 쓴 명호 세 용정의 용도, 의미, 서법 등을 분석하여 그의 서법의 우수성을 제시했다. 세 용정의 기본구조를 바탕으로, 시대 정황 등장인물 사이의 관계가 연구되었다. 그 변화 과정을 통해 다른 작품과의 예술공학적 차이가 비교 분석되었다. 김정희는 의도적으로 '용(龍)'이 들어가는 명호를 쓰며 어려운 상황을 헤쳐나갔다. 그는 주변 상황에 따라 명호 세 용정의 의미, 용도, 서체를 다르게 썼다. 결국, 김정희는 자신의 심정과 의도를 표현하기 위해 임금 헌종과 스님 초의에게 세 용정을 사용했다. 그의 필법은 예술공학적으로 뛰어났고 세계 유일무이했다. 모두 그의 금석학의 식견이 뒷받침되었음이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구 결과가 일반 예술가의 명호에 담긴 의미를 분석하는 데 새로운 연구방법론이 되길 기원한다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.137-153
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• 2012

A thesis insisting that Sugjong's medical doctor Yoo Itae(劉以泰) and the author of Marjinpyeon Yoo Itae(劉爾泰) are not a same person and his activities were in Heonjong(헌종) period, and his writing Marjinpyeon is in 1846, is published. In this study, I'd like to reveal that Yoo Itae(劉爾泰), the Marjinpyeon's author and Yoo Itae(劉以泰), Sugjong's medical doctor are a same person through analysis of Geochang Yoo's genealogy, articles, The True Record of the Joseon Dynasty, Seungjeonilgi, Taeweonseonsaengan, Sancheong-gun's paper, Sancheong Hyanggyo's paper, Sancheong-gun's paper, The geographic paper, Dongyuhagan, Sawoo Munjib, and analysis of folk story, the wrote year of his Marjinpyeon and Inseomunkyunrok and his birth year. According to my analysis, Yoo Itae(劉爾泰), the Marjinpyeon's author and Yoo Itae(劉以泰), Sugjong's medical doctor are a same person. And Marjinpyeon is written in 1696, the year of Byongja, and other his books, InseoMungyonlok at 1709, the year of Gichug. In conclusion, Yoo Itae(劉以泰.劉爾泰) was a famous medical doctor at Sancheong, born in 1652 (HyoJong the $3^{rd}$ year) and passed in 1715 (SugJong the 41th year), left books of Marjinpyeon, Silheomdanbang, and Inseomunkyunrok.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2019

Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) is a popular tool to identify underlying biological processes in clinical samples using their gene expression phenotypes. GSEA measures the enrichment of annotated gene sets that represent biological processes for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in clinical samples. GSEA may be suboptimal for functional gene sets; however, because DEGs from the expression dataset may not be functional genes per se but dysregulated genes perturbed by bona fide functional genes. To overcome this shortcoming, we developed network-based GSEA (NGSEA), which measures the enrichment score of functional gene sets using the expression difference of not only individual genes but also their neighbors in the functional network. We found that NGSEA outperformed GSEA in identifying pathway gene sets for matched gene expression phenotypes. We also observed that NGSEA substantially improved the ability to retrieve known anti-cancer drugs from patient-derived gene expression data using drug-target gene sets compared with another method, Connectivity Map. We also repurposed FDA-approved drugs using NGSEA and experimentally validated budesonide as a chemical with anti-cancer effects for colorectal cancer. We, therefore, expect that NGSEA will facilitate both pathway interpretation of gene expression phenotypes and anti-cancer drug repositioning. NGSEA is freely available at www.inetbio.org/ngsea.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.27-41
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• 2012

이 연구에서는 여백에 무수한 교정과 첨가의 흔적이 담겨 있는 국립중앙도서관 소장 "동여편고"의 내용을 정리 소개하고, 지리지 편찬 역사에서 차지하는 학술적 가치를 살펴보고자 하였다. 결과를 요약하면 첫째, "동여편고"는 순조(재위: 1800~1834) 때 "신증동국여지승람"에서 유래 관련 내용을 대폭 삭제하여 편찬되었다. 둘째, 주로 순조 때 "동국문헌비고"의 정보를 중심으로 교정과 첨가 작업을 진행하였다. 셋째, 헌종(재위: 1834~1849) 때도 "중정남한지"등 여러 자료를 바탕으로 교정과 첨가 작업을 진행하였다. 넷째, 양주의 읍치 이동에 대한 기록과 지리지 전체의 편찬경향을 통해 볼 때 "동여편고"의 편찬자는 김정호이다. "동여편고"는 우리나라의 가장 위대한 지리학자인 김정호 인생의 초기에 진행된 지리지 편찬 과정을 생생하게 담고 있는 중요한 자료로서, 그 동안 자료의 부족으로 주목하지 못했던 1834년 이전의 김정호 삶을 이해할 수 있게 해주는 학술적 가치를 갖고 있다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-69
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• 2004

Located in a rear garden of Changdeok Palace, Yeonkyeong-Dang is valued as the most characteristic building of the houses of aristocrats of the later Joseon Dynasty. The time of the construction has been much debated, however, it is perceived through this research that the construction was completed in September 1827(the 27nd year of king Sunjo's reign). The shape of the buildings during this period resembles a letter ㄷ as shown in the picture of Dong-Kweol. We previously described that the purpose of Yeonkyeong-Dang was to carry the portrait of king Yikjong while keeping the shape of building when it was first established until the 8th year of king Heonjong (1842). In 1865 (the 2nd year of king Gojong's reign), it was reconstructed with very different outlook which has remained the present shape. The characteristic features of the residences of aristocrats were reflected in newly reconstructed Yeonkyeong-Dang. The structure was largely divided into two quarters that occupied by male and female residents respectively. The two quarters were bordered by fences and added with a study and a pavilion. The reconstruction was conducted by king Gojong's father, Daewon- Goon and its purpose was to prepare a separate house for the king and queen before the kings wedding that was about to come. During the 19th century, building an imitation of houses of aristocrats became quite a trend in the palace. Built in 1847, Nakseon-Jae was precedented and followed by Yeonkyeong-Dang. Also later Geoncheong Palace was built in Kyeongbok Palace in 1873. All of the three buildings imitated houses of aristocrats. Divided residences of male and female sections and splendid decorations were common features. Nakseon-Jae was the smallest in the structure of spaces, ornamentation of details and its sizes, Yeonkyeong-Dang was the second and Geoncheong Palace was the most distinguished building. The constructions of these three buildings created an innovative architectural wave in the 19th century palace. Yeonkyeong-Dang was the building that mediated the new flow of architectural structure in the 19th century palace.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.255-273
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• 2014

본 연구는 인천내항, 인천북항, 평택항 간 물동량의 영향관계 분석을 위해 그랜저 인과관계 검정, 벡터자기회귀모형을 사용하였다. 그랜저 인과관계 검정결과 인천내항 물동량은 평택항 물동량의 원인변수임을, 평택항 물동량은 인천북항 물동량의 원인변수임을 확인하였다. 한편, 벡터자기회귀모형을 적용함으로써 얻은 충격반응함수를 통해 인천내항 물동량은 인천북항 물동량, 평택항 물동량과는 음의 관계가 존재함을 알 수 있었고, 인천북항 물동량과 평택항 물동량 간에는 양의 관계가 존재함을 알게 되었다. 또한, 벡터자기회귀모형을 적용함으로써 얻게 된 예측오차 분산분해를 통해 인천내항 물동량의 예측오차는 시간의 경과에 따라 인천북항 물동량의 변동에 의해 설명되는 비중이 커짐을, 평택항 물동량의 예측오차는 시간의 경과에 따라 인천내항 물동량의 변동에 의해 설명되는 비중이 커짐을 알게 되었다. 연구결과 평택항 물동량의 변동이 인천항 전체에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것은 아니며, 부속 항만에 따라 영향을 달리 받을 수 있음을 알게 되었다. 이는 인천항, 평택항을 운영하는 항만운영 당국간 경쟁과 협력이 모두 가능하다는 것을 보여주며, 상호 협력할 부분과 경쟁할 부분을 명확히 한다면 양항이 함께 발전할 수 있을 것임을 의미한다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2014

Sambok (三伏, Three Hottest Days) is the common designation of Chobok (初伏, Early Hot Day), Jungbok (中伏, Middle Hot Day), and Malbok (末伏, Late Hot Day), and widely known to be one of the Korean folk customs. Hence, Sambok is notated in Manseryeok (Ten Thousand-Year Almanac) and in the annual astronomical almanac published by Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute. In this paper, we investigate the changes of Sambok in Korea based on various documents such as Joseonwangjosilok (朝鮮王朝實錄, Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), Jeungbo-Jakryeoksik (增補作曆式, The Supplement of Manual for Calendar Making), astronomical almanacs, and so forth. According to Jeungbo-Jakryeoksik preserved in Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies, Chobok and Jungbok are defined as the third and fourth Gyeongil (庚日, The Day Starting with the Seventh Heavenly Stems in Sexagenary Cycles Assigned to Each Day) after the summer solstice, respectively, and Malbok is the first Gyeongil after Ipchu (Enthronement of Autumn). However, if the summer solstice is Gyeongil, then the third Gyeongil counting from the solstice becomes Chobok. Malbok depends on the time of Ipchu. Ipchu itself becomes Malbok if the time of Ipchu is in the morning, or next Gyeongil becomes Malbok if it is the afternoon. On the other hand, Malbok is defined as Ipchu itself regardless of its time according to Chiljeongbobeob (七政步法, Calculating Method for Sun, Moon, and Five Planets), Chubocheobryeo (推步捷例, Quick Examples for Calendrical Calculations), and so on. To verify the methods used to determine Sambok, we examined the record in the extant almanacs during the period of 1392 to 2100 for which the summer solstice or Ipchu is Gyeongil. As a result, we found a periodicity that if the time of Ipchu is in the morning, in general, the time is in the afternoon after two years and then is back into in the morning after nineteen years, i.e., the 2 + 19 years periodicity. However, we found the 2 + 17 years periodicity in some years. We also found that the Chobok method of Jeungbo-Jakryeoksik has been used since 1712, the thirty-eighth reign of King Sukjong (肅宗). In addition, we supposed that Malbok had been determined by the method like Chubocheobryeo since either 1846, the twelfth reign of King Heonjong (憲宗), or 1867, the fourth reign of King Gojong (高宗). At present, these methods of Sambok are customarily used without any legal basis. We, therefore, think that this study will help conventionalize the method defining Sambok in the future.