• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.287-296
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• 2014

Chicken eggs undergo various physiological changes during egg maturation. To study genes associated with the egg maturation in pre-ovulation (immature) and post-ovulation (mature), we compared gene expression patterns between in the immature egg and mature egg using RNA sequencing data. Mature and immature eggs were obtained from a Heuksaek Jaerae-jong of Korean native chicken. Total RNAs obtained from the eggs were sequenced by Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, and the generated sequence reads were mapped to Galgal4 reference sequence assembly using Tuxedo Protocol. From the comparison of the RNA sequencing data, 315 genes were differentially expressed between mature and immature eggs, and 46 genes were only detected in immature egg. Further gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed for the differentially expressed genes using DAVID, showing that 29 and 28 GO terms were independently clustered from mature and immature, respectively. From those clustered GO terms, genes related to germ cell development, sex differentiation and defense response to bacterium were mainly expressed in the immature egg, while genes related to regulation of apoptosis, steroid metabolic process and lipid homeostasis were mainly detected in the mature egg. Our results could contribute to understand egg maturation before and after ovulation, and develop genetic markers for improving egg quality and productivity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.671-677
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• 2017

In this study, scattering factors affecting the quality of medical images were quantitatively analyzed and investigated. MCNPX simulation was conducted by using ANSI phantom, made of tissue equivalent materials, to calculate the scattering ratio occurred by the increase of the object thickness. Then, the result of the simulation was compared with the result of actual radiation measurement. In addition, we evaluated the image quality by the RMS evaluation, RSD and NPS analysis using X-ray images acquired with increasing object thickness. Furthermore, the scattering ratio was analyzed by increasing the thickness of acrylic phantom on chest phantom. The result showed that the scattering ratio was increased to 57.2%, 62.4%, and 66.8% from 48.9%, respectively, when the acrylic phantom thickness was increased by 1 inch from 6.1 inches. The results of MCNPX simulation and the actual measured scattering dose showed similar results. Also, as a result of RMS measurement from acquired x-ray images, the standard deviation decreased as the object thickness increased. However, in the RSD analysis considering the average incident dose, the results were increased from 0.028 to 0.039, 0.051, 0.062 as the acrylic phantom thickness was increased from 6.1 inches to 7.1 inch, 8.1 inch, and 9.1 inch, respectively. It can be seen that the increase of the scattering effect due to the increase of the object thickness reduces the SNR. Also, the NPS results obtained by measuring scattered radiation incident on the detector resulted in the increase of the noise as the object thickness increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.669-676
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in the values of Hounsfield Unit (HU) according to the changes in monoenergy (keV) and dilution ratio of the contrast agent, using the spectral CT. Spectral CT was used as the testing device, while 20 cc syringe phantom was used to set a total of six dilution ratios of the contrast agent: 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, and 3:7. Here, the non-ionic iodine solution (350 mg/ml) was used as a contrast agent. The syringe axial image was reconstructed by adjusting the obtained data on nine MonoE levels; 40 keV, 45 keV, 50 keV, 55 keV, 60 keV, 65 keV, 70 keV, 75 keV, and 80 keV. The HU values were measured at the three points of the reconstructed syringe axial image. The measurements were taken 1,620 times in total. In the analysis of the HU values according to the changes in keV and dilution ratio of the contrast agent, the highest and lowest HU values were obtained from dilution ratio 8:2 and dilution ratio 3:7, respectively, across every MonoE in the comparison of HU according to dilution ratio per MonoE (p<0.05), while the highest and lowest HU values were obtained from 40 keV and 80 keV, respectively, across all dilution ratios in the comparison of HU according to MonoE per dilution ratio (p<0.05). For the correlation per each parameter, a negative correlation of -15.014 ± 0.298 was found for HU per keV (R²=0.519) and a negative correlation of -61.372 ± 3.608 was found for HU per dilution ratio (R²=0.152) (p<0.05). To conclude, an increase in keV or dilution ratio of the contrast agent was shown to decrease the HU, and the findings in this study are anticipated to serve as the basic data in the research of HU-related parameters in Spectral CT.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.302-308
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• 2006

Purpose: Although several neuroanatomical models of panic disorder have been proposed, little is known regarding the neurological mechanisms underlying cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients with panic disorder. This study was performed to identify the brain structures that show changes of regnioal cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after CBT in patients with panic disorder. Materials and Methods: Seven patients who were diagnosed as panic disorder by DSM-IV were treated with CBT for 8 weeks and twelve healthy volunteers joined in this study. Serial $^{99m}Tc-ECD$ brain perfusion SPECT images were acquisited and PDSS-SR (Self-Report version of Panic Disorder Severity Scale) and ACQ (Agoraphobic Cognitive Question) scores were measured just before and after CBT in all patients. Data were analyzed using SPM2. Results: Subjective symptoms were improved, and PDSS-SR and ACQ scores were significantly reduced ($14.9{\pm}3.9\;vs.\;7.0{\pm}1.8$, p<0.05; $30.3{\pm}8.5\;vs.\;21.6{\pm}3.4$, p<0.05, respectively) after CBT in panic patients. Before CBT, a significant increase of rCBF was found in the cingulate gylus, thalamus, midbrain, both medial frontal and temporal lobes of the panic patients compared to the normal volunteers. After CBT, we observed a significant rCBF decrease in the left parahippocamus, right insula and cingulate gyrus, both frontal and temporal lobes, and a significant rCBF increase in both the occipital lobes, left insula, both frontal and left parietal lobes. Conclusion: These data suggested that CBT is effective for panic disorder and diminish the activity of the brain areas associated with fear in panic disorder.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.197-208
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• 2020

This study was carried out to analyze spatial and temporal incidence characteristics of scrub typhus and predict the future incidence of scrub typhus since the incidences of scrub typhus have been rapidly increased among vector-borne diseases. A maximum entropy (MaxEnt) ecological model was implemented to predict spatial distribution and incidence rate of scrub typhus using spatial data sets on environmental and social variables. Additionally, relationships between the incidence of scrub typhus and critical spatial data were analyzed. Elevation and temperature were analyzed as dominant spatial factors which influenced the growth environment of Leptotrombidium scutellare (L. scutellare) which is the primary vector of scrub typhus. A temporal number of diseases by scrub typhus was predicted by a deep neural network (DNN). The model considered the time-lagged effect of scrub typhus. The DNN-based prediction model showed that temperature, precipitation, and humidity in summer had significant influence factors on the activity of L. scutellare and the number of diseases at fall. Moreover, the DNN-based prediction model had superior performance compared to a conventional statistical prediction model. Finally, the spatial and temporal models were used under climate change scenario. The future characteristics of scrub typhus showed that the maximum incidence rate would increase by 8%, areas of the high potential of incidence rate would increase by 9%, and disease occurrence duration would expand by 2 months. The results would contribute to the disease management and prediction for the health of residents in terms of public health.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.412-429
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• 2008

As the amount of electronic documents increases rapidly with the growth of the Internet, a parallel search engine capable of handling a large number of documents are becoming ever important. To implement a parallel search engine, we need to partition the inverted index and search through the partitioned index in parallel. There are two methods of partitioning the inverted index: 1) document-identifier based partitioning and 2) keyword-identifier based partitioning. However, each method alone has the following drawbacks. The former is convenient in inserting documents and has high throughput, but has poor performance for top h query processing. The latter has good performance for top-k query processing, but is inconvenient in inserting documents and has low throughput. In this paper, we propose a hybrid partitioning method to compensate for the drawback of each method. We design and implement a parallel search engine that supports the hybrid partitioning method using the Odysseus DBMS tightly coupled with information retrieval capability. We first introduce the architecture of the parallel search engine-Odysseus/parallel-OOSQL. We then show the effectiveness of the proposed system through systematic experiments. The experimental results show that the query processing time of the document-identifier based partitioning method is approximately inversely proportional to the number of blocks in the partition of the inverted index. The results also show that the keyword-identifier based partitioning method has good performance in top-k query processing. The proposed parallel search engine can be optimized for performance by customizing the methods of partitioning the inverted index according to the application environment. The Odysseus/parallel OOSQL parallel search engine is capable of indexing, storing, and querying 100 million web documents per node or tens of billions of web documents for the entire system.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.202-210
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• 2006

To develop small-scale sewage treatment apparatus for detached house of agricultural village, a small-scale sewage treatment apparatus by natural purification method that consisted of packaged form of aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic bed was constructed. The efficiency of sewage treatment according to the sewage treatment method, sewage loading, and the injection method of sewage were investigated for small-scale sewage treatment apparatus of packaged form of aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic bed. The removal rate of pollutants according to the sewage treatment method for small-scale sewage treatment apparatus was high in the order of aerobic-anoxic-anoxic bed < aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic bed. The optimum filter media in small-scale sewage treatment apparatus was a broken stone. The removal rate of pollutants according to sewage loading in small-scale sewage treatment apparatus was high in the order of $1,200L/m^2{\cdot}day\fallingdotseq900L/m^2{\cdot}day\fallingdotseq600L/m^2{\cdot}day$. The removal rate of pollutants according to injection method of sewage in small-scale sewage treatment apparatus was high in the order of continuous injection $\fallingdotseq$ intermittent injection. When loaded under the optimum conditions, removal rate of BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P were 99, 95, 99, 83 and 96%, respectively, through this 3-stepped small-scale treatment apparatus arrayed with the order of aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic bed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2020

PET(Positron Emission Tomography) devices are used as PET/CT or PET/MRI devices fused with the devices of CT or MRI for obtaining anatomical information. Therefore, the devices are constructed in circular ring-type structure whose length of gantry(the main part of filming) becomes wider and the interior depth becomes longer in comparison to other common medical equipments. scintillator, one of the components in PET devices, is inside the gantry, and as it is consisted of crystal which is sensitive to the change of temperature and humidity, large temperature change can cause the scintillator to be damaged. Though scintillator located inside the gantry maintains temperature and humidity with a thermo-hygrostat, changes in temperature and humidity are expected due to structural reasons. The output value was measured by dividing the inside of the gantry of the PET/CT device into six zones, each of which an Adafruit BME 280 temperature and humidity sensor was placed at. A thermo-hygrostat keeps the temperature and humidity constant in the PET/CT room. As the measured value of temperature and humidity of the sensor was obtained, the measured value of temperature and humidity appeared in the thermohygrostat was taken at the same time. Comparing the average measured values of temperature and humidity measured at each six zones with the average values of the thermo-hygrostat results in a difference of 2.71℃ in temperature and 21.5% in humidity. The measured temperature and humidity of PET Gantry is out of domestic quality control range. According to the results of the study, if there is continuous change in temperature and humidity in the future, the aging of the scintillator mounted in the PET Gantry is expected to be aging, so it is necessary to find a way to properly maintain the temperature and humidity inside the Gantry structure.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.86-108
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• 2017

The nationwide weed survey was conducted in arable land, paddy field, upland, orchard and pasture, over whole country of Korea during 3 years from 2013 to 2015. Also, these survey were conducted in order to determine a change of weed community and to identify a major dominant weed species, and problem weeds. Weeds of arable land were composed of 619 species belonging to 81 families. Weeds occurred in paddy field were 90 species belonging to 28 families, upland weeds were 375 species of 50 families, orchard weeds were 492 species of 63 families and pasture weeds 275 species of 52 families. Among total 81 families, the Asteraceae (15.5%) was the biggest family, followed by Poaceae (13.1%), Fabaceae (5.5%), Cyperaceae (5.2%), Polygonaceae (6.3%), respectively. And these weed species were composed of annual weeds of 209 species (33.8%), winter annual of 102 species (16.4%) and perennial weeds of 308 species (49.8%). Exotic weeds naturalized in Korea were investigated as 166 species. Weed flora in Korean cultivation area have been increased as much as 13 families and 186 species for 10 years compared to 2000~2004 weed survey result of 68 families and 433 species. The increment could be resulted from the change of weed population such as increase of the herbicide-resistant and the difference of investigation method.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.216-224
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• 2018

To evaluate physiological effect of Aralia elata, in vitro antioxidant activity and hepatic protective effects were investigated. Ethyl acetate fraction from Aralia elata (EFAE) had higher total phenolic content than other fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, and distilled water layers). EFAE also showed significantly greater radical scavenging activity against 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), than other fractions. Moreover, EFAE showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect of malondialdehyde (MDA). Hepatoprotective effects of EFAE against ethanol- and $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in H4IIE and HepG2 hepatic cells were examined using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) and 3-[4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results showed that EFAE reduced cellular oxidative stress, and increased hepatic cell viability. In addition, EFAE inhibited ethanol-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Finally, physiological substances of EFAE were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the major bioactive compounds identified were 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and chlorogenic acid.