• Title/Summary/Keyword: Heifer

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Serum Vitamin E Levels in Pregnant Dairy Cows (임신유우(姙娠乳牛)의 혈청중(血淸中) Vitamin E 농도(濃度))

  • Yong, Mahn Joong
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.201-205
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    • 1974
  • Blood serum from 30 pregnant cows, 6 non-Pregnant cows (one month after delivery), 6 sterile cows (ovarian cyst), and 6 heifers (16 months old) were analyzed for total vitamin E concentration by the ferric chloride-bipyridyl reaction. The pregnant group was determined periodically throughout pregnancy. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean value of serum vitamin E level in pregnant group was $0.651{\pm}0.068(SE)mg/100ml$, in non-pregnant group $0.647{\pm}0.119(SE)mg/100ml$, in sterile group $0.488{\pm}0.053(SE)mg/100ml$, and in heifer group $0.083{\pm}0.016(SE)mg/100ml$. Samples below 0.19mg/100ml were net observed and most of the pregnants (83.3%) showed the values of 0.40 to 0.99mg/100ml during pregnancy 2. The difference of vitamin E level between pregnant group and non-pregnant group was net significant, but these trio groups showed a significantly higher value than that of sterile group. On the other hand, in heifer group was recognized significantly lower value compared with adult groups. 3. The change of serum vitamin E level in pregnant group revealed the tendency of decrease as gestation progresses and significantly dropped at the eighth month, thereafter, the value was rose slightly at the tenth month of gestation but no differences were observed. The coefficient of correlation between months and serum vitamin E levels during pregnancy was r=-0.956(p<0.01), and a regression equation was Y (serum vitamin E levels, mg/100ml)=1.034-0.063x(month).

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Effects of Grazing on a Pasture Consisted of Different Combination of Tall Fescue and Legumes on Animal Production and Health in Dairy Heifers. IV. Effect on reproductive efficiency and disease-outbreak of grazing holstein heifer. (혼파방목지에서 Tall Fescue와 두과목초 조합이 가축생산성과 질병에 미치는 영향 IV. 방목젖소의 번식효율 및 질병 발생에 미치는 효과)

  • 장덕지;김중계;정창조;김규일;김문철
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.213-222
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    • 1997
  • This study was carried out to investigate the reproduction efficiency and disease of Holstein heifer grazed on mixed pasture desighed with association of tall fescue and white clover cultivar (3 treatments = TI : Tall fescue Fawn + White clover Regal + Orchardgrass + Perennial ryegrass, T2 : Tall fescue Roa + Ladino clover Regal + Orchardgrass + Perennial ryegrass, T3 : Tall fescue Roa + White clover Tahora + Orchardgrass + Perennial ryegrass) on reproduction efficiency and disease in Holstein heifers, ftom April 1994 to November 1996. The results are as follows: 1. Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin and packed cell volume of hematological values were $8.12\times10^6/{\mu}\ell, 9.9g/m\ell and 30.6m\ell/100m\ell$ respectively. While those were decreased to $4.84~5.93 \times10^6/{\mu}\ell, 7.0~7.8g/100m\ell and 22.8~28.3m\ell/100m\ell$, on pastuage (May-August), WBC counts was increased from $14.4\times10^3/{\mu}\ell to 14.0~18.3 \times 10^{3/\mu\ell}$ on pasturage. No significant differences were detected among the treatments on pastures. 2. Parasitemia levels increased to $14.0\pm8.2$(parasite/1,000rbc) at 1 month after pasturage. 3. At the occurrence of tirst estrus and conception, the average age of the Holstein heifers was $14.3\pm1.9$ and $17.4\pm1.5$ months, respectively, and the average interval of estrus cycle was $20.6\pm1.0$ days. Howerer, there was no significant difference on reproductive efficiency among 3 treatments. 4. The outbreak of diseases were tick bane disease, pink eye, pneumonia, mastitis, gastroentitis, waterpoisoning ringworm papillon and atosis during pasturage period(may-october). These diseases were showed no significant difference among 3 treatments. 5. In conclusion, there are no significant difference on the reproductive effeciency and disease outbreak among three treatments.

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Effect of extrusion of soybean meal on feed spectroscopic molecular structures and on performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility of Holstein dairy calves

  • Berenti, Ammar Mollaei;Yari, Mojtaba;Khalaji, Saeed;Hedayati, Mahdi;Akbarian, Amin;Yu, Peiqiang
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.855-866
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    • 2021
  • Objective: Performance and physiological responses of dairy calves may change by using extruded soybean meal (ESBM) instead of common soybean meal (SBM) in starter feed. The aims of the current study were i) to determine the effect of extrusion processing of SBM on protein electrophoretic size, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) structures and Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) protein subfractions and ii) to determine the effect of substitution of SBM with ESBM in starter feed of Holstein heifer calves during pre and post-weaning on performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites. Methods: The SBM was substituted with ESBM at the level of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (dry matter [DM] basis). Fifty heifer calves (initial body weight 40.3±0.63 kg) were used for the study. After birth, animals were fed colostrum for 3 days and then they were fed whole milk until weaning. Animals had free access to starter feed and water during the study. Results: Extrusion of SBM decreased electrophoretic protein size and increased rapidly degradable true protein fraction, changed FTIR protein and amide II region. With increasing level of ESBM in the diet, starter intake increased quadratically during the pre-weaning period (p<0.05) and body weight, DM intake and average daily gain increased linearly during the post-weaning and the whole study period (p<0.05). Tbe DM and crude protein digestibilities at week 14 and blood glucose and beta hydroxybutyric acid increased linearly in calves as the level of ESBM increased in the diet (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dairy calves performance and physiological responses were sensitive to SBM protein characteristics including electrophoretic size, FTIR structures and CNCPS protein fractions.

Comparative Analysis on Growth Performances, Behavioral Characteristics and Blood Parameters of the Sex in Different Group Sizes of Hanwoo calves (한우 육성우의 성별 군집두수에 따른 사양성적, 행동특성 및 혈액성상 비교분석)

  • Ha, Jae Jung;Oh, Dong Yep;Lee, Jea Young;Yang, Ka Young;Kim, Jong Bok;Ohh, Sang Jip;Song, Young Han
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.55 no.5
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    • pp.381-388
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    • 2013
  • This study examined the effects of sex in different group sizes of Hanwoo calves. The growth performance including the mean daily gain, feed conversion rate, behavioral characteristics, and blood parameters in Hanwoo calves were investigated. A total of 54 heads of Hanwoo calves were housed separately at 4 heads per group, 3 heads per group, and 2 heads per group per pen. In the heifer calves, except for those 10 months of age, the growth performance was improved by increasing the group size, which was similar to steer calves (p<0.05). The heifer calves housed in 3 heads group spent more time lying down (p<0.05). The steer calves spent more time standing in the 3 heads group, lying down (2 heads group), and walking (4 heads group). The heifer calves housed in 2 heads group had a lower frequency of drinking, self-grooming, pairwise grooming, and fighting (p<0.05). On the other hand, the steer calves in the 4 heads group had a higher frequency of drinking, rubbing, and fighting (p<0.05). The white blood cell and cortisol were highest in the heifer calves in the 2 heads group (p<0.05).

Transfer of Korean Native Cattle Embryos to Beef Recipients (한우 수정란의 육우 이식에 관하여)

  • 김일화;손동수;이동원;류일선;이광원;전기준;손삼규
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.105-109
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    • 1993
  • This study was carried out to propagate Korean native cattle using beef recipients by embryo transfer. Seven Korean native cattle donors were superovulated with FSH 32mg and Embryos collected from donors were frozen and preserved in National Animal Breeding Institute. Frozen-thawed embryos were transferred to synchronized 40 beef recipients nonsurgically in Daekwanryeong Branch of National Animal Breeding Institute. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Total ova and transferable embryos per donor were 11.4 and 11.1 from 7 donors, respectively. 2. Among 40 recipients transferred with frozen-thawed embryos, 20 were pregnant(50.0%). 3. The pregnancy rate according to time from embryo thawing to transfer was higher when transferred within 3 hours than after 3 hours(57.6% vs. 14.3%). 4. The cow recipients showed slightly higher pregnancy rate than the heifer(53.3% vs. 48.0%). 5. Two grade embryos showed higher pregnancy rate than 1 grade(66.7% vs. 45.2%).

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Bayesian Analysis of Multivariate Threshold Animal Models Using Gibbs Sampling

  • Lee, Seung-Chun;Lee, Deukhwan
    • Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.177-198
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    • 2002
  • The estimation of variance components or variance ratios in linear model is an important issue in plant or animal breeding fields, and various estimation methods have been devised to estimate variance components or variance ratios. However, many traits of economic importance in those fields are observed as dichotomous or polychotomous outcomes. The usual estimation methods might not be appropriate for these cases. Recently threshold linear model is considered as an important tool to analyze discrete traits specially in animal breeding field. In this note, we consider a hierarchical Bayesian method for the threshold animal model. Gibbs sampler for making full Bayesian inferences about random effects as well as fixed effects is described to analyze jointly discrete traits and continuous traits. Numerical example of the model with two discrete ordered categorical traits, calving ease of calves from born by heifer and calving ease of calf from born by cow, and one normally distributed trait, birth weight, is provided.

Effects of some Insecticides on Growth of 2 year old Ginseng Panax ginseeng, C.A. Meyer, and Control of Root-knot nematode (몇가지 살충제의 조합이 인삼의 생육 및 근류선충 방제 효과에 미치는 영향)

  • Ahn Y.J.;Choi S.Y.;Han S.C.;Kim Y.T.
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.20 no.4 s.49
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    • pp.223-227
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    • 1981
  • These experiments were conducted to investigate the nematicidal effects of the insecticides, Mocap(O-Ethyl-S, S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate), Carbofuran(2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl benzofuranyl ethyl carbamate), Terbufos (S-tert-buthylthio methyl O,O-diethyl phosphordithioate) and their mixtures (Mocap+carbofuran, Mocap+Terbufos, Carbofuran+Terbufos) on growth of 2year-old ginseng, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, and the control of root-knot nematodes. There was no evidence of plant injury from insecticide treatment of ginseng, although the rate of emergence of the treated ginseng was slightly inhibited. The insecticide treatments showed no of-flavor of ginseng plant. Terbufos and Mocap provided heifer confrol of the root-knot nematodes than carbofuran alone and their mixtures. Mixtures of the insecticides showed antagonisitic effect to the root-knot nematodes.

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Heterogeneity of Variance by Sex in Postweaning Gain of Angus Calves under Different Environment Levels

  • Oikawa, T.;Hammond, K.;Tier, B.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.846-849
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    • 1999
  • Angus postweaning daily gain (PWDG) were analyzed to investigate heterogeneous variance by sex. A set of data (16,239 records) was divided into six sub-data sets according to level of environment. REML estimation was conducted by a multitrait model, where PWDG in each sex was treated as a separate trait. Estimates showed diversity among environmental levels, where the heritability for heifers was high in good environment but low in poor environment. The bull's estimates varied among environmental levels. The largest heterogeneity of phenotypic variance between sexes was estimated in a data set of the poor environment level. The genetic correlations between the heifer's PWDG and the bull's PWDG were high in the good environment and low in the poor environment (-0.17). The results suggest existence of genotype by sex interaction in the poor environment.

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF GROWING SAHIWAL × FRIESIAN HEIFERS IN MALAYSIA

  • Liang, J.B.;Samiyah, M.N.;Azizan, A.R.;Dollah, M.A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.75-79
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    • 1992
  • Fourteen Sahiwal ${\times}$ Friesian crossbred heifers were used in a 10-wk feeding trial to determine maintenance energy requirements and efficiency of gain. The heifers were individually fed with a diet consisting of 30% dry grass and 70% concentrates at either 110, 140 or 180% of the anticipated maintenance requirement ($494kJ\;ME/kg^{0.75}/day$). Liveweight of individual heifers was measured weekly to calculate diet requirements and average daily gain (ADG). Diet digestibility was determined for all heifers to determine ME intake. Retained energy (RE) of individual heifers was determined from changes in total body fat and protein using a TOH isotope dilution procedure and, assuming calorific values of 39.3 and 23.6 kJ/g for fat and protein respectively. The estimated ME for maintenance was 433 and $470kJ/kg^{0.75}/day$ by liveweight (ADG) equilibrium and energy (RE) equilibrium analysis respectively. ME requirement for one g of liveight gain was 28 kJ.

The use of plasma progesterone profiles to determine the puberty in Korean native heifers (한우(韓牛)에서 혈장(血漿) progesterone 농도측정(濃度測定)에 의한 춘기발동기(春機發動機)의 확인(確認))

  • Kang, Byong-kyu;Choi, Han-sun;Son, Chang-ho;Suh, Guk-hyun
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.525-530
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    • 1993
  • Studies were conducted in 13 Korean native heifers to determine the puberty based on plasma progesterone profiles and estrus observations. Blood samples for determination of progesterone profiles were collected from jugular vein twice a week from 8 to 24 months of age, and all heifers werce observed for estrous behaviours twice a day. Heifers attained puberty at 11.3 months of age and 188.5kg body weight as determined by progesterone profiles, whereas the first estrous behaviours were observed at 14.2 months of age and 215.4kg body weight. This result indicates that determination of plasma progesterone profiles could be utilized for monitoring the puberty in Korean native heifers, and one or more ovulations occurred before pubertal heifers showed overt estrous behaviours.

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