• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

Microglia have multiple functions in regulating homeostasis of the central nervous system. Microglia cells have been implicated as active contributors to neuron damage in neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, medicinal plant extracts (MPEs) were used to evaluate the cell-death induction effect in microglia BV-2 cells. Among 35 MPEs tested in this study, 4 MPEs showed less than a 30% cell survival after 24 hours of incubation. These were Foeniculi Fructus, Forsythiae Fructus, Zingiberis Rhizoma and Hedera Rhombea. The concentration showed that 50% cell death ($IC_{50}$) occurred with 33, 83, 67 Ed highlight: Please confirm wording, and $81{\mu}/ml$, respectively. For further study, we chose Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR) which showed a reasonably low $IC_{50}$ value and an induction of cell death in a relatively narrow range. Western blot analysis showed that ZR-treated cells showed activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP Ed highlight: When an acronym is first presented it needs to be spelled out in both dose- and time-dependent manners. However, the level of Bcl-2 and Bax were not changed by ZR-treatment in BV-2 cells. These results suggest that ZR-induced apoptosis in BV-2 cells occured through caspase-3 activation. The results also suggested that ZR may be useful in developing treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.296-308
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• 2002

천관산 지역에서 채집된 표본을 동정한 결과, 관속식물 전체 종수는 117과 366속 519종 76변종 4품종으로 총 599종류로 나타났다. 본 지역은 봉의꼬리, 족제비고사리, 비자나무, 개비자나무, 참식나무, 붉가시나무, 송악, 팔손이, 동백나무, 사스레피나무, 차나무, 석창포, 이대 및 조릿대 등의 상록성 수종과 소사나무, 푸조나무, 상산이나 실고사리 등 낙엽성 난대성 식물이 혼재하고 있다. 구실사리, 히어리, 노각나무, 족도리풀, 노랑 제비꽃, 끈끈이주걱 등이 분포하는 것도 특기할 만하다. 환경부에서 지정한 평가단위별 특정식물은 5 등급이 1 분류군, 4등급은 1 분류군, 3 등급은 5 분류군, 2등급이 1 분류군 그리고 1등급이 37분류군으로 총 45 분류군으로 확인되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.751-761
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• 2007

This study is carried out through ecological situation of native Bupleurum latissimum habitats and the research of environmental conditions for conservation of native sites, restoration of alternative habitats and preliminary data for application of useful medicinal plant. Native Bupleurum latissimum habitats were distributed on lower and middle part of the mountain from Altitude 54m to 185m, and the directions of slope were researched as usually northen and western slope. As a result of phytosociological research in 12 stands of native Bupleurum latissimum habitats, they were seperated to two communities(Bupleurum latissimum typical community and Bupleurum latissimum-Galium spurium community) in accordance with containable rate of the organic matter and soil hardeness. Soil condition is usually constituted as loamy sand and clay loam. Bupleurum latissimum is propagated in valuable soil conditions. Bupleurum latissimum lives with Morus bombycis, Reynoutria sachalinensis in Bupleurum latissimum typical community and Thalictrum aquilegifolium, Stellaria media, Hedera rhombea etc. is appeared with Bupleurum latissimum in Bupleurum latissimum-Galium spurium community. Especially, companion species were researched as Aster glehni, Dystaenia takeshimana and so on. The flora of vascular plants in this study is 44 families, 88genus 82species, 2 subspecies, 14 varietas, 4 forma and total 102 taxa. Plants of compositae occupied 10.78% among whole of them.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.335-357
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• 2014

This study aims at classifying and interpreting on the vegetation structure and the vegetation transition over 25 years (between 1986 and 2010), and the correlation with the change of some conditions (the vegetation height and coverage on each layer and the climate factors as WI, CI, mean annual temperature, mean annual total precipitation etc.) in the Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest,, Hong-Do island. The EBLF is classified into five units of vegetation (Hedera rhombea-Machilus thunbergii community (M-M comm.), Castanopsis sieboldii forest (Machilus japonica-Castanopsis sieboldii community; Raphiolepis indica var. umbellata-C. sieboldii community), community (Qa comm.), Carpinus turczaninovii community (Ct comm.), Camellia japonica stand (Cj stand)). The vegetation transition by CCA had high correlation with the height and coverage on each layer and the climate factors, and it did the succession (transition) that the M-M comm. (2010) from Mallotus japonicus community Machilus thunbergii community Carpinus coreana community (Cc comm.) Aucuba japonica community (Aj comm.) Trachelos permum asiaticum var. intermedium-Quercus acuta community (TQ comm.) (1986), the communities of C. sieboldii forest (2010) from Aj comm. TQ comm. Raphiolepis umbellata-Camellia japonica community (RC comm.) (1986), the Qa comm. (2010) from Ardisia japonica-Castanopsis sieboldii community (AC comm.) and TQ comm. (1986), the Ct comm. (2010) from Cc comm. RC comm. Aj comm. Quercus serrata community and the Cj stand (2010) from AC comm. (1986). the height and coverage on each layer are also changed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1027-1037
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the flora of Mt. Bongrae in Busan from February 2004 to May 2005. The flora in the surveyed area were identified 291 taxa that belonged to 82 families, 201 genera, 251 species, 35 varieties, and 5 forms. Among them, evergreen broad trees were identified 21 taxa, naturalized plants 30 taxa, especial plants decided by Ministry of Environment 24 taxa. By the vegetation of each slope, in northeast slope, it was dominated such as Pinus thunbergii community, Chamaecyparis obtusa community, Amorhpa fruticosa community, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium-Hedera rhombea community, north-northeast slope, it was distributed both Pinus thunbergii community and board-leaved tree community. In the southwest slope of coast site, it was presented plantation plants, according to altitude distributed such as natural vegetation, evergreen broad trees, warm-temperate plants. In southeast slope, it was to represent secondary vegetation such as Alnus firma community as a forest fire. Underside was mainly to search herbs such as naturalized plants and cruciferous family as a vegetable garden. In northwest slope, it was searched trees such as Pinus thunbergii community, Lindera obtusiloba, Styrax japonca, Prunus sargentii, Aralia elata, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Akebia quinata and herb layer such as Osmunda japonica, Allium thunbergii, Liriope platyphylla, Corydalis ochotensis, Scilla scilloides, Viola orientalis. Around the top, it was distributed such as Rhododendron mucronulatum-Rhododendron schlippenbachii community, Carpinus coreana, Viburnum erosum, Sorbus alnifolia.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of uninhabited Island in the Deokjeok Archipelago. The vascular plants which were collected in 5 times (from Jun. 2009 to Apr. 2010) were identified as 350 taxa in total, including 89 families, 231 genera, 309 species, 5 subspecies, 31 varieties, and 5 forms. There were many useful plants such as 2 taxa of Korean endemics and 2 taxa of rare plants which were proposed by the Korea Forest Service. The specially determined plants which were categorized as 5 degrees in all by the Ministry of Environment appeared as 49 taxa; Degree V was one taxon; Senecio nemorensis and IV was one taxon; Apocynum lancifolium and III was 2 taxa; Stauntonia hexaphylla, Hylotelephium spectabile and I was 45 taxa; Machilus thunbergii, Neolitsea sericea, Hedera rhombea, etc. Based on the plants which were approval objects when transfer overseas were 5 taxa, and 21 taxa of evergreen plants were recorded in the investigated area. The naturalized plants were identified as 15 taxa, and their naturalization ratio were found to be 4.2% respectively.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2011

This study aimed to select evergreen broad-leaved trees (EBT) that can be produced and planted in Korea by analyzing the current use of the trees for landscaping in the Kyushu area of Japan, a warm temperate region. The results revealed the total production of EBT was higher than that of conifers and due to the suitable growth environment of the area and the subsequent high demand for them. The landscape tree production methods in Japan were divided into container nursery and outdoor nursery, and the uses and species of the trees varied depending on the method; a variety of native species were produced in container nursery rather than in outdoor nursery, whereas trees used as ornamental, gardening, and shade plants were produced in outdoor nursery rather than in container nursery. The results also showed that in Fukuoka, a major city in Kyushu that is adjacent to Korea, the planting rate of EBT, used as ornamental, gardening, and shade plants, was higher than that of deciduous broad-leaved trees and conifers. In the city, the planting rate of Cinnamomum camphora was the highest, Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus, Ternstroemia gymnanthera, Ilex rotunda, Quercus glauca, Camellia sasanqua, Eurya emarginata, Pittosporum tobira, Raphiolepis indica var. umbellata, Hedera rhombea, Kadsura japonica, Trachelospermum asiaticum var. asiaticum. These species were verified in Kyushu area for their application as landscape trees and are expected to serve as landscape trees in Korea if the planting areas of them are expanded by global warming, urban heat island and regional microclimate.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.315-332
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• 2008

서해 중부지역에서의 상록활엽식물의 분포를 밝히기 위해 2006년 5월부터 2008년 3월까지 인천광역시에 속하는 136개 도서를 조사하였다. 이번 조사에서 28개 유인도와 49개 무인도 등 총 77개 도서에서 12종의 상록활엽식물이 조사되었다. 이 중 가장 흔한 종은 사철나무, 보리밥나무, 동백나무, 도깨비쇠고비 등이었다. 이들 식물은 또한 조사지역중 최북단에 위치한, $N 37^{\circ}60^{\prime}$ 부근 백령도에서도 자란다. 한편 송악, 붉가시나무, 참식나무, 마삭줄 등 4종은 $N 37^{\circ}10^{\prime}$ 부근 덕적면까지만 발견된다. 그러나 이들 식물은 육지에서는 한반도 남쪽이나 서남해안 지역까지 자란다. 상록활엽식물이 이런 고위도 도서지역까지 분포하는 것은 서해 난류의 영향으로 보인다. 현지조사와 문헌을 기초로 각 도서 별 상록활엽식물의 분포를 기재하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.25-40
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• 2011

The vascular plants in Jeokjabong, Bogil Island were listed 350 taxa composed of 89 families, 233 genera, 309 species, 1 subspecies, 36 varieties and 4 forms. Divided into woody plants were 142 taxa (40.6%) and herbaceous plants were 208 taxa (59.4%). Based on the list of rare and endangered species by Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum, 3 taxa were recorded; Celtis choseniana, Asarum maculatum, Rubus sorbifolius, and endemic plants, 10 taxa were recorded; Asarum maculatum, Cephalotaxus koreana, Carpinus coreana, Celtis choseniana, Lespedeza maritima, Indigofera koreana, Dendropanax morbifera, Ligustrum quihoui var. latifolium, Weigela subsessilis, Carex okamotoi, and plant species subject to permission for taking abroad, 4 taxa were recorded; Celtis choseniana, Asarum maculatum, Vaccinium oldhami, Carex okamotoi. Based on the list of floristic regional indicator plants by Korean Ministry of Environment were total 64 taxa (18.3% of all 350 taxa of vascular plants); Ligustrum quihoui var. latifolium in class IV, 19 taxa (Stauntonia hexaphylla, Cinnamomum japonicum, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Centella asiatica, Verbena officinalis, Mitchella undulata, etc.) in class III, 5 taxa (Potentilla dickinsii, Ostericum melanotilingia, Sanicula rubriflora, Caryopteris incana, Teucrium veronicoides) in class II and 39 taxa (Gleichenia dichotoma, Cyrtomium fortunei, Aphananthe aspera, Rubus hirsutus, Meliosma myriantha, Hedera rhombea, Ainsliaea apiculata, etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 5 families, 17 genera, 20 taxa (Phytolacca americana, Lepidium virginicum, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Verbesina alternifolia, Lolium perenne, etc.) and naturalization rate was 5.7% of all 350 taxa of vascular plants. Hereafter natural ecosystem into disturbance on naturalized plants and legal protection species and rare and endangered species distribute in the Bogil Island, precision investigation after management counterplan of the monitoring a point of view be required.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2018

This study was conducted to provide ecological basic data that use to establish environmental conditions for cultivation of wild vegetables in 2016-2018. Therefore, we investigated the vegetation structure and the correlation between the community structure and the environmental factors for natural habitats of wild vegetables(Aster glehni, Allium ochotense, and Aruncus sylvester) distributed in Ulleungdo. As a result of population and gradient analysis, the vegetation was classified into Aster glehni community, Allium ochotense community, and Aruncus sylvester community. We confirmed that the classification by population analysis was consistent with that by TWINSPAN method, suggesting that they were complemented each other. The importance value of Aster glehni was the highest in all communities, followed by Aruncus sylvester, Allium ochotense, Hydrangea petiolaris, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Asperula ldorata, Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica, Disporum viridrescens, Hedera rhombea, Anthriscus sylvestris, and Hepatica maxima. According to the results of DCCA ordination analysis, among those communities, the Aster glehni community was distributed in soil where the nutrition including T-N and O.M. were intermediate. The Allium ochotense community was distributed on the a little high northern slope at the highest altitude where the CEC and O.M. were the highest, and other nutrition and pH were low. The Aruncus sylvester was distributed on high slope and altitude on which the amount of exchangeable cation such as $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ and pH were high, and the CEC, $P_2O_5$, and O.M. were the lowest.