• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.247-265
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• 2015

This study analyzes the factors affecting farmers' recognition and acceptance of sustainable agriculture. To accomplish the objectives of the study a farm survey was conducted using target respondents which were made of the local correspondents and reporters of Korea Rural Economic Institute. The Heckman's model was employed for an empirical analysis on determining the extent of farmers' acceptance of sustainable agriculture. The analysis results show that the more farmers think it is important for Korea to adopt sustainable farming practices, the more they adopt sustainable agriculture. It is also shown that the high incomes farmers earn, the more interest they have in the environment and thus the more likely they are to adopt sustainable agriculture. Based upon the empirical results it is suggested that an adoption of economic incentive instruments, education of sustainable agriculture, research and development of sustainable agriculture technology, and an establishment of sustainable agriculture infrastructure to expand the scale of sustainable agriculture.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.76-91
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• 2019

There have been many studies to examine the patterns in innovations reflecting industry-specific characteristics from an evolutionary economics perspective. The purpose of this study is to identify industry-specific differences in product innovation patterns and determinants of innovation performance. For this, Korean manufacturing is classified into high-tech industries and low-tech industries according to technology intensity. It is also pointed out that existing research does not reflect the decision-making process of firms' R&D implementations. In order to solve this problem, this study presents a Heckman sample selection model and a double-hurdle model as alternatives, and analyzes data from 1,637 firms in the 2014 Survey on Technology of SMEs. As a result, it was confirmed that the determinants and patterns of manufacturing in small and medium-size enterprise (SME) product innovation are significantly different between high-tech and low-tech industries. Also, through an extended empirical model, we found that there exist a sample selection bias and a hurdle-like threshold in the decision-making process. In this study, the industry-specific features and patterns of product innovation are examined from a multi-sided perspective, and it is meaningful that the decision-making process for manufacturing SMEs' R&D performance can be better understood.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.429-446
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• 2017

The current study aims to identify factors associated with private tutoring of college students in Korea. For this purpose, this study used the Korean Education and Employment Panel survey, which contains items regarding whether or not college students receive private tutoring as well as the monthly costs of private lessons. The current study focuses on private English lessons due to the very low response rates of other types of private tutoring. For the analysis, the 5th wave of KEEP collected in 2008 was selected, and a Heckman selection model was employed, including three categories of variables: individual, school, and parent/household factors. The results have revealed that for the selection model (receiving private English tutoring or not), having received private lessons in high school, gender, and level of satisfaction regarding the respondent's current university were significant. In terms of the outcome model (cost for private English tutoring in college), university admission type (rolling vs. regular), living with parents, school type (4-yr university vs. others), being in debt to cover private lesson fees in high school, and monthly household income had significant effects. This article also discusses the results and implications for future research and policy makers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.3 s.32
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• pp.81-95
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• 2006

The objective of the this study is to find a way to increase fm household income through investigating their computer applications. We utilized the 2000 Korea Agricultural Survey data and applied a Heckman Selection Model to correct a selection bias. The present study found the following results. First, determinant of income among fm households by the level of computer applications has significant statistical differences based on their choices of computer applications. Accordingly, the application of general linear regression about fm income without adjusting these choices may cause statistical fallacy. Second, it has been reported that increasing the member of household is not directly related to increasing the fm income. In case of computer-own farm household, the effect of decrease in income according to increasing in age was predicted. However, in the fm household not possessing computer, it shows negative relationship. It shows that an agricultural career of farm owner and educational attainment of all farm household members have positive relationship regardless of computer possession. The income of the farm household those main field is not agriculture is also found to be lower than that of farm household whose major earnings come from agriculture.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.139-154
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• 2015

This paper uses the Heckman model to evaluate the income difference between the public sector and the private sector based on the CHNS data. The research finds that the difference of the public sector versus the private sector between the west area and the east area is about 10% from 1989 to 2000, the transition of the income difference is smooth, that data has made sharp increase to 32% from 2000 to 2011. Considering the income difference between the west area and the central area, the central area and the east area from 1989 to 1997, the data is about 10~15%, from 2000 to 2011 is rocketing time, the data reaches 20%. This paper is very revealing about the income difference ofthe public sector versus the private sector is increasing year after year, and the economy is developing rapidly but with imbalance among different areas in China. It would provides the reference for adjust the income distribution system in future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.193-208
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• 2014

This study aims to identify feasible policy direction of the 6th industrialization in agriculture based on the current agricultural and rural environment in Korea. To do so, this study employes a heckman selection model to correct a probable selection bias, utilizing the Korean agricultural census in 2010 and the agricultural statistics of farm enterprises in 2011. This study focuses on the differences of the farm and off-farm income determinants, according to conjoint types of the 6th industrialization such as Type 1 (primary+secondary+tertiary) vs. Type 2 (primary+secondary or primary+tertiary). The empirical results show Type 2 has much higher possibilities to earn farm and off-farm income in Korea, especially for farm enterprises. This study concludes with providing some policy implications reflecting rural and agricultural environment in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.543-558
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the amount of willingness to pay for environment-friendly agricultural processed foods by the level of consumption intention. To accomplish the objective of the study a consumer survey was conducted for quantitative analysis regarding consumption pattern. The ordered-probit selection model, Heckman-type two-stage method was employed for an empirical analysis on determining the amount of willingness to pay. The estimation results showed that in the case of consumers who are to keep their consumption at the present level, those with high quality contentment compared to price, brand contentment, and purchasing chiefly in the special store, have the higher amount of willingness. The estimation results also showed that in the case of consumers who are to increase their consumption, those with high quality contentment compared to price, brand contentment, certificate contentment, and having family members who suffer from diseases such as atopy, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, have the higher amount of willingness. Therefore For those who are to increase their consumption, enhancement of quality, enhancement of contentment with certificate, promotion are useful to increase the amount of willingness to pay.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.47-56
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of local farmers' participation and acceptance level in traditional agricultural technology conservation activities, using on the traditional agricultural water utilization system in Uiseong designated as Korea's important agricultural heritage system No. 10. The Heckman sample selection model was used to solve the selection bias. The results show that as the interest in the conservation of the agricultural ecological and environment is high, as the traditional agricultural system in Uiseong is used, as the cultivation area of paddy field increased, and as the age 50s or older, the willingness to participate in conservation activities increased. The results also indicate that as the experience of participating in the conservation of the agricultural ecological and environment and the hours of education are increased, the knowledge of the traditional agricultural system in Uiseong is low, and as the cultivation area of paddy field decreased, the acceptance time for conservation activities increased. The results of this study may contribute to government's policy for traditional agricultural technology conservation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of crop diversification on farm households' agricultural income. Abundant literature have explored the determinants and efficient strategies for crop diversification. Yet, there is a paucity of research studies that empirically test the effectiveness of crop diversification as a profitable farm management strategy. Utilizing the 2015 Agricultural Census, this study adopts a quasi-experimental research design to compare the outcomes between farm households that opted for crop diversification and farm households that did not engage in such a strategy. In doing so, this study applies the Heckman Selection Model and the decomposition technique to address the problem of selection bias and to identify the causal effect. Our empirical results show that farms that implement diversification are more likely to earn higher agricultural income than non-diversified farms, although the difference would not be much substantial. This study concludes with several policy proposals to stabilize agricultural income in conjunction with crop diversification.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.957-973
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• 2012

This study analyzed consumer public complaint behaviors and the satisfaction of complaint handling among credit card users who availed of credit card services. Relatively little research has been done in this area, despite the obvious importance of understanding and improving credit card market conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine consumer compliant behaviors with a focus on public actions, such as voice responses and the third party actions among credit card users. With the goal of providing consumers with more positive expectations of credit card companies' complaint handling process, this study investigated the status of public actions and the negative effect of complaints on the overall satisfaction of post-complaint behavior toward credit card services. The responses from 1,000 credit card users were analyzed using descriptive analysis, factor analysis, multi-logit analysis, and Heckman selection estimate. The analysis provided three major results: (1) perceived service quality among credit card users was conceptualized into groups such as responsiveness, innovation, company, additional service, and fee, (2) perceived service qualities, age, residential area, employment status, and subjective economic status had significant effect on public compliant action behaviors, and (3) unidimensional factors resulting from post-complaint behaviors were analyzed and several variables, such as period of credit card use, average amount used, and perceived service quality had significant effects on the degree of satisfaction associated with complaint handling in terms of credit card services. Several implications and directions for further research are discussed.