• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.238-246
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the directions for establishing a disaster safety village in rural areas where damage from a similar type of disaster occurs repeatedly by conducting the consciousness survey targeting at experts and disaster safety officials in a local government. Method: The risks of disaster in rural areas were examined and the concept and characteristics of disaster safety village which is a measure on the basis of Myeon (township) among the measures of village unit were examined in order to carry out this study. In addition, opinion polling targeting at officials-in-charge in the local government and survey targeting at experts in disaster safety and building village were conducted. Based on the findings, the directions for establishing a disaster safety village that fitted the characteristics of rural areas were examined. Result: The officials-in-charge in the local government answered that rural areas have a high risk of storm and flood such as heavy snowing, typhoon, drought, and heavy rain as well as forest fire, and it is difficult to draw voluntary participation of farmers for disaster management activities due to their main duties. They also replied that active support and participation of residents in rural areas are necessary for future improvement measures. The experts mostly replied that the problem of disaster safety village project is a temporary project which has low sustainability, and the lack of connections between the central government, local governments and residents was stressed out as the difficulties. They said that measures to secure the budget and the directions of project promotion system should be promoted by the central government, local governments and residents together. Conclusion: The results of this study are as follows. First, a disaster safety village should be established in consideration of the disaster types and characteristics. Second, measures to secure the budget for utilizing the central government fund as well as local government fund and village development fund should be prepared when establishing and operating a disaster safety village in rural areas. Third, measures to utilize a disaster safety village in rural areas for a long period of time such as the re-authorization system should be prepared in order to continuously operate and manage such villages after its establishment. Fourth, detailed measures that allow residents of rural areas to positively participate in the activities for establishing a disaster safety village in rural areas should be prepared.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.6_1
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• pp.439-446
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• 2013

This paper is about assessment of soil loss in irrigation reservoir based on GIS. Natural disaster caused by soil loss whose natural incidence has been rapidly reduced due to successful tree planting campaign shows high potential risk, since the latest localized heavy rain resulted from extreme weather event and artificial land development acts as direct factors for land disaster. To prevent it, various techniques and technologies have been used to predict effect of soil loss. However, reliability of techniques and technologies to predict its effect precisely is relatively low so far because the natural disaster by soil loss is taken place by complicated interaction between possible factors and direct factors. Geospatial approach is essential to examine these interactions. In this regard, this study will provide detailed plan to improve prediction reliability for soil loss of irrigation reservoir, using GIS that has Hydrologic -Topographical parameter and digital map as its input parameters.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.373-383
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• 2006

The spatial mapping of risk is very useful data in planning for disaster preparedness. This research presents a methodology for making the landslide life risk map in the Boeun area which had considerable landslide damage following heavy rain in August, 1998. We have developed a three-stage procedure in spatial data analysis not only to estimate the probability of the occurrence of the natural hazardous events but also to evaluate the uncertainty of the estimators of that probability. The three-stage procedure consists of: (i)construction of a hazard prediction map of "future" hazardous events; (ii) validation of prediction results and estimation of the probability of occurrence for each predicted hazard level; and (iii) generation of risk maps with the introduction of human life factors representing assumed or established vulnerability levels by combining the prediction map in the first stage and the estimated probabilities in the second stage with human life data. The significance of the landslide susceptibility map was evaluated by computing a prediction rate curve. It is used that the Bayesian prediction model and the case study results (the landslide susceptibility map and prediction rate curve) can be prepared for prevention of future landslide life risk map. Data from the Bayesian model-based landslide susceptibility map and prediction ratio curves were used together with human rife data to draft future landslide life risk maps. Results reveal that individual pixels had low risks, but the total risk death toll was estimated at 3.14 people. In particular, the dangerous areas involving an estimated 1/100 people were shown to have the highest risk among all research-target areas. Three people were killed in this area when landslides occurred in 1998. Thus, this risk map can deliver factual damage situation prediction to policy decision-makers, and subsequently can be used as useful data in preventing disasters. In particular, drafting of maps on landslide risk in various steps will enable one to forecast the occurrence of disasters.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.240-258
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• 2019

Typhoons, torrential rainfall, and heavy snowfall cause catastrophic losses each year in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, if we can know the possibility of this phenomenon in advance through regular observations, it will be greatly beneficial to Korean society. Korea is surrounded by sea on its three sides, and the sea surface temperature (SST) directly or indirectly affects the development of typhoons, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall. Therefore, the characteristics of SST variability related to the high impact weather are investigated in this paper. The heavy rainfall in Korea was distributed around Seoul, Gyeonggi, and west and southern coast. The heavy snowfall occurred mainly in the eastern coastal (hereafter Youngdong Heavy Snow) and the southwestern region (hereafter Honam-type heavy snow). The SST variability was slightly different depending on the type and major occurrence regions of the high impact weather. When the torrential rain occurred, the SST variability was significantly increased in the regions extending to Jindo-Jeju island-Ieodo-Shanghai in China. When the heavy snow occurred, the SST variability has reduced in the southern sea of Jeju island, regardless of the type of heavy snowfall, whereas the SST variability has increased in the East Sea near $130^{\circ}E$ and $39^{\circ}N$. Areas with high SST variability are anticipated to be used as a basis for studying the atmospheric-oceanic interaction mechanism as well as for determining the background atmospheric aerosol observation area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.77-84
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• 2013

With the increase in occurrence frequency and severity of natural disasters due to climate changes arising from global warming, damage in the landscaping field is rising. This leads to legal disputes, and is increasing social and economic damage, too. Especially even though landscape trees which are highly affected by external environments, suffer lots of damage from natural disasters, there is no specific scope of disaster criteria and thus it brings plenty of problems of damage restoration and compensation. Therefore, this study aims to suggest that gives ways to improve related criteria for damage of landscape trees from natural disasters. For this objective, this study analyzed damage cases of landscape trees and precedents, and compared Korean and Japanese legal systems and criteria regarding natural disasters with each other. The analysis result showed that opinions of experts have a great deal of influence on judgment results, since there is no definite legal basis on damage from natural disasters in the landscaping field. This implies the need for a professional and objective appraisal process. According to the comparative analysis of Korean and Japanese legal systems and criteria regarding natural disasters, Korea lacked in laws and criteria on natural disasters of landscape plants in Korea, whereas there were concrete disaster assessment standards of landscape trees in Japan. For improving natural disaster-related systems and criteria in the landscaping field, therefore, this study presented 'Revision of related laws', 'Revision of appraisal and loss assessment criteria', 'Revision of standard specification of landscaping project', 'Compulsory insuring against disasters', 'Reasonable fulfillment of contract', and 'Compulsory cost estimation for disaster restoration', as improvement plans.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.261-272
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• 2023

In recent years, natural disasters such as heavy rainfall and typhoons have occurred more frequently, and their severity has increased due to climate change. The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) currently uses the same criteria for all regions in Korea for watch and warning based on the maximum cumulative rainfall with durations of 3-hour and 12-hour to reduce damage. However, KMA's criteria do not consider the regional characteristics of damages caused by heavy rainfall and typhoon events. In this regard, it is necessary to develop new criteria considering regional characteristics of damage and cumulative rainfalls in durations, establishing four stages: blue, yellow, orange, and red. A classification model, called DSCM (Disaster Severity Classification Model), for the four-stage disaster severity was developed using four machine learning models (Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and XGBoost). This study applied DSCM to local governments of Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi Province province. To develop DSCM, we used data on rainfall, cumulative rainfall, maximum rainfalls for durations of 3-hour and 12-hour, and antecedent rainfall as independent variables, and a 4-class damage scale for heavy rain damage and typhoon damage for each local government as dependent variables. As a result, the Decision Tree model had the highest accuracy with an F1-Score of 0.56. We believe that this developed DSCM can help identify disaster risk at each stage and contribute to reducing damage through efficient disaster management for local governments based on specific events.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.12
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• pp.1107-1119
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• 2014

Interesting in abnormal climate is currently growing because of climate change. With this, an increasing number of people continue to show concern over the negative effects of such changes. In Korea, the annual average rainfall amount increased to about 19% from 1,155 mm in the 1910s to 1,375 mm in the 2000s. By the end of the 21st century, it has been projected that rainfall will further increase to about 17%. In particular, the 10-year frequency of localized heavy rain of more than 100-mm rainfall per day reached 385 days in the last 10 years. As such, it increased 1.7 times from 222 in the 1970s-80s. The extreme events caused by climate change is thus reported as having exacerbated over the years. Gangwon-province will suffer more from climate change than any other region in Korea because of its mostly mountainous terrain. It is a special region with both mountainous and oceanic climates divided alongside the eastern and western regions of the Taebaek Mountain Range. As such, this paper try to quantify using ETCCDI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices) the recent climate changes in this region.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Recently, localized heavy rainfall has led to increasing flood damage in urban areas such as Gangnam, Seoul ('12), Busan ('13), Ulsan ('16) Incheon and Busan ('17) etc. Urban flooding occurs relatively rapidly compared to flood damage in river basin, and property damage including damage to houses, cars and shopping centers is more serious than facility damage to structures such as levees and small bridges. In Korea, heavy rain warnings are currently announced using the criteria set by KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration). However, these criteria do not reflect regional characteristics and are not suitable to urban flood. So in this study, estimated the flooding limit rainfall amount based on the damage records for Seoul and Ulsan. And for regions that can not estimate the flooding limit rainfall since there is no damage records, we estimated the flooding limit rainfall using a Neuro-Fuzzy model with runoff characteristics. Based on the estimated flooding limit rainfall, the urban flood warning criteria was set. and applied to the actual flood event. As a result of comparing the estimated flooding limit rainfall with the actual flooding limit rainfall, the error of 1.8~20.4% occurred. And evacuation time was analyzed from a minimum of 28 minutes to a maximum of 70 minutes. Therefore, it can be used as a warning criteria in the urban flood.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.717-727
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• 2011

Impervious surface affects urban climate, flood, and water pollution and has important role as basic data for urban planning and environmental and resources management uses. With a high paved rate, increased quantity of the outflown water and brings urban flooding during a heavy rain. Moreover, these non-point source pollution is getting increased the water pollution. In this regard, it is definitely important to research and keep monitoring the current situation of paved surface, which influences urban ecosystem, disaster and pollution. In this study, we suggest a method to utilize high resolution satellite image data for efficient survey on the current condition of paved surface. We analysed the paved surface condition of Dae-jeon metropolitan city area using KOMPSAT-2 image and validate its practicalness and limitation of this method.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.405-408
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• 2008

Up to now, a lot of houses, roads and other urban facilities have been damaged by natural disasters such as flash floods and landslides. It is reported that the size and frequency of disasters are growing greatly due to global warming. In order to mitigate such disaster, flood forecasting and alerting systems have been developed for the Han river, Geum river, Nak-dong river and Young-san river. These systems, however, do not help small municipal departments cope with the threat of flood. In this study, a real-time urban flood forecasting service (U-FFS) is developed for ubiquitous computing city which includes small river basins. A test bed is deployed at Tan-cheon in Gyeonggido to verify U-FFS. It is found that U-FFS can forecast the water level of outlet of river basin and provide real-time data through internet during heavy rain. Furthermore, it is expected that U-FFS presented in this study can be applied to ubiquitous computing city (u-City) and/or other cities which have suffered from flood damage for a long time.