• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.320-328
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• 1995

The electroplated steel sheets were heated during the short periods(10~60 seconds) at high temperature ($360^{\circ}C$～$500^{\circ}C$) in order to investigate thermal diffusion behaviors. When the steel sheets were heated for 10 seconds, all the coated layers were alloyed at $420^{\circ}C$ but at temperature lower than $400^{\circ}C$ the $\eta$ phase partially remained on the coated surface. At higher temperature, the longer the time for heat treatment the iron contents were increased in coated layer but the glossiness and whiteness of the coated surface were decreased. While the alloying phases of $\eta$, $\zeta$, $\delta_1$ and $\Gamma$ were appeared in the coated layer at the heat treatment temperature of $360^{\circ}C$, the phase was disappeared at $420^{\circ}C$ but the rests grew in size at the temperature of $440^{\circ}C$. When the heat treatment temperature and heating time were increased, the thickness of $\Gamma$ phase was rapidly increased to 0.8 $\mu\textrm{m}$. The optimum conditions for the heat treatment to prevent powdering of coated layer were obtained to heat it for 30 seconds at $400^{\circ}C$ and 10 seconds at $440^{\circ}C$, and the iron content in coated layer was suited to be 10 percents.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2013

In the past, a very popular method for reducing the corrosion on zinc involved the use of chemical conversion layer coatings based on $Cr^{+6}$. However, there is an important problem with using chromium salts as a result of restrictive environmental protection legislation. This study investigated the optimum condition for galvanized steel using an organic/inorganic solution with a Ti composition. In the case of a fixed heat treatment time, the corrosion resistance values of LR-0727(1) and LR-0727(2) were improved as the heat treatment temperature increased, and the optimum minimum temperature decreased with the heat treatment time. At the optimum heat treatment condition of two coating solutions, the heat treatment time of the LR-0727(1) solution was shorter than LR-0727(2) for the same heat treatment temperature. LR-0727(1) coated specimens did not show desquamation, and all of the specimens showed a good adhesive property. In contrast, in the case of the LR-0727(2) coated specimens, desquamation arose. Therefore, the adhesive property of LR-0727(1) was superior to that of LR-0727(2). The pencil hardness had a 3H average for all of the coating solutions and heat treatment conditions. In the case of a corrosion resistance test with boiling water, the coated specimens of LR-0727(1) were discolored, but LR-0727(2) was not. Finally, LR-0727(1) was more moisture proof than LR-0727(2).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2010

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating was studied to be a good tribological problem-solver due to its low friction characteristics and high hardness. However, generally hydrogenated DLC film has shown a weak thermal stability above $300^{\circ}C$. However, the silicon doping DLC process by DC pulse plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for the new DLC coating which has a good characterization with thermal stability at high temperature itself has been observed. And we were discussed a process for optimizing silicon content to promote a good thermal stability using various tetramethylsilane (TMS) and methane gas at high-temperature. The chemical compositions of silicon-containing DLC film was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after heat treatment. Raman spectrum analysis showed the changed structure on the surface after the high-temperature exposure testing. In particular, the hardness of silicon-containing DLC film showed different values before and after the annealing treatment.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.49-71
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• 2018

Heat treatment is the most popular processing technique in the dairy industry. Its main purpose is to destroy the pathogenic and spoilage bacteria in order to ensure that the milk is safe throughout its shelf life. The protease and lipase that are present in raw milk might reduce the quality of milk. Plasmin and protease, which are produced by psychrotrophic bacteria, are recognized as the main causes of the deterioration in milk flavor and taste during storage. The enzymes in raw milk can be inactivated by heat treatment. However, the temperature of inactivation varies according to the type of enzyme. For example, some Pseudomonas spp. produce heat-resistant proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes that may not be fully inactivated by the low temperature and long time (LTLT) treatment. These types of enzymes are inhibited only by the high temperature and short time (HTST) or ultra-high temperature (UHT) treatment of milk.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 1992

The effect of heat-treatment temperature on the microwave absorbing properties was investigated in Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 specimens. The composite specimens were prepared by modling and curing the mixture of prereacted ferrite powder and silicone rubber. The measurement of complex permeability and permittivity was made by the reflection/transmission method. The most sensitive material constants with heat-treatment temperature is the imaginary (loss) component of permeability. The higher the heat-treatment temperature, the greater the magnetic loss. The composite specimens with high magnetic loss exhibited superior microwave absorbing properties. The quantitative estimation of microwave absorbing properties were made by plotting the observed material constants on the calculated solution map of impedance-matching.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.137-139
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• 2006

In order to establish the optimum hot forming temperature and solution heat treatment temperature for 25% chromium super duplex stainless steel weld, a commercial 25%Cr-10%Ni-4%Mo weld metal for super duplex stainless steel(UNS S32750) with different solution heat treatment conditions at $1100^{\circ}C,\;1050^{\circ}C,\;1025^{\circ}C\;and\;1000^{\circ}C$ for 1.5 hours has been investigated by means of optical metallography, and estimated mechanical properties. It is found that exposure to elevated temperatures at $1050^{\circ}C,\;1025^{\circ}C\;and\;1000^{\circ}C$ except $1100^{\circ}C$ brings partial decomposition of ferrite to austenite and sigma phase, which deteriorates their properties and heat treatment at $1100^{\circ}C$ shows acceptable mechanical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 1992

It is investigated that Fe-C-N compound layer, defusion layer, and induction hardened layer produced by nitrocarburizing blend heat treatment in austenitic temperature with high frequency induction heating of mild steel specimen sprayed sursulf salt-bath. As the temperature of blend-heat treatment got increased, the thickness and hardness of compound layer and diffusion layer were increased. Compound layer(max. $35{\mu}m$), diffusion layer (max. 2.5mm) and induction hardened layer were gained in the shortest time 10 sec and in the case of $1000^{\circ}C$ total hardness depth of those was about 3.5mm. When the blend-heat treated specimen was reheated, maximum hardness of compound layer was dropped more than that of the reheated compound layer after sursulf treated, whereas hardness of diffusion layer was increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 1996

In order to establish making process of water atomized iron powder for powder metallurgy, effect of heat treatment condition on change of powder properties and impurities was investigated at each tempeature of $850{\sim}950^{\circ}C$. The results are as follows. Particle morphology of iron powder changed slightly from sphercial type to irregular type and the amount of fine particle decreased more and more with increasing of heat treatment time at each temperature. The flow rate and apparent desity of iron powder also decreased due to particle coalescence in order of $850^{\circ}C$, $950^{\circ}C$, $900^{\circ}C$. Those powder Properties became to decrease particularly at $900^{\circ}C$ in alpha iron region. On the other hand, residual carbon and oxygen contents in iron powder decreased extremely with increasing of heat treatment temperature and time.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.84-91
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• 2010

Heat treatment with carburized quenching process is widely used for automotive helical gear to improve its surface properties of hardness and strength. However, the gear can be deformed with the process over the allowable tolerance, which possibly makes noise, vibration and heat problems in operation. In this study, deformation of helical gear during heat treatment of carburized quenching was analyzed with a numerical method, incorporating coupled calculations of thermal conduction, carbon diffusion, phase transformation and thermal stresses. With the analysis, the effect of coolant temperature in quenching on the deformation was investigated. The result of the analysis revealed that the higher the coolant temperature became, the more change of helix angle and the more compressive stresses in the surface generated, because of delayed generation of martensite in the part.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.307-312
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• 2004