• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.35-49
• /
• 1986

Recipients are an integral part of embryo transfer and they are expensive to maintain as a good recipient. Recipient management is one of the most important components in a successful embryo transfer program. Management includes selection and subsequent care of the animals. A good recipient is basically on "open" cows or heffers whose reproductive tract is capable of receiving one or two embryos and incubating it to term. Potential recipients should be always be healthy and cycling normally ranging from 18 to 23 days. A thorough veterinary examination is recommended for candidate of recipients and cattle for questionable health should be eliminated from the recipient herd. Age and size of recipients are particularly important considerations when heifers are used, because of most embryos available for transfer are from large dams and sires. Body condition can influence a recipient's production, reproduction and health. Obese and underconditioned cattle should be avoided for use. Transfer of fresh embryos especially requires precise synchronization of donors and recipients. For estrus synchronization, PGF$_2$$\alpha$ is injected twice 10 to 12 days apart and short4erm progestagen treatment is applied to potential recipient cattle by coil into vagina (PRID) or ear implant (Synchro-Mate-B). The highest pregnancy results are achieved in recipients at exact synchrony with donors or 12 to 24 hr earlier than donors. Estrus detection is a major factor in breeding efficiency. High accuracy can be achieved by use of heat mount detection alds or by obserbing cattle for 30-minute peroids 3 times daily. Assay progesterone in milk can be used to discrIminate between pregnant and nonprenant recipients. Rectal palpation on day 35 to 70 after is an accurate and safe method of pregnancy diagnosis. Embryonic mortality in recipients may be associated with factors such as high environmental temperature and nutritional or lactational stress in early lactation period. Achievement of short calving interval requires concentrated management activity during the first 90 days following calving. Acceptable candidate for a recipient should be routinely vaccinated for infectious diseases. Proper nutritional programs according to NRC requirements and body condition scoring system for recipient cattles are vital to the ultimate success of an embryo transfer program.r program.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2013.02a
• /
• pp.498-498
• /
• 2013

Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas have pioneered a new field of plasma for biomedical application bridging plasma physics and biology. Biological and medical applications of plasmas have attracted considerable attention due to promising applications in medicine such as electro-surgery, dentistry, skin care and sterilization of heat-sensitive medical instruments [1]. Traditional approaches using electronic devices have limits in heating, high voltage shock, and high current shock for patients. It is a great demand for plasma medical industrial acceptance that the plasma generation device should be compact, inexpensive, and safe for patients. Microwave-excited micro-plasma has the highest feasibility compared with other types of plasma sources since it has the advantages of low power, low voltage, safety from high-voltage shock, electromagnetic compatibility, and long lifetime due to the low energy of striking ions [2]. Recent experiment [2] shows three-log reduction within 180-s treatment of S. mutans with a low-power palm-size microwave power module for biomedical application. Experiments using microwave plasma are discussed. This low-power palm-size microwave power module board includes a power amplifier (PA) chip, a phase locked loop (PLL) chip, and an impedance matching network. As it has been a success, more compact-size module is needed for the portability of microwave devices and for the various medical applications of microwave plasma source. For the plasma generator, a 1.35-GHz coaxial transmission line resonator (CTLR) [3] is used. The way of reducing the size and enhancing the performances of the module is examined.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.127-147
• /
• 2012

Objective : Methods of Jang Cong-zheng's treatment related to his theories include of promoting the sweating-vomiting-purgation(汗吐下三法), prickling-bleeding method(瀉血療法), and emotional therapy(情志療法). He succeeded Liu wan-su(劉完素) as promoter of fire-heat pattern theory(火熱論), thereby emphasizing six qi(六氣), especially fire(火) and dampness(濕), as pathogens. He suggested that physician should treat patients whose diseases occurred due to fire(火) and dampness(濕) with promoting the sweating(汗)-vomiting(吐)-purgation(下) methods, which would remove pathogen qi(邪氣) and help circulation of qi and blood, therefore getting them back healthy qi(正氣). Method : I will try to describe the Jang Cong-zheng's treatment in "Ru-Men-Shi-Qin", and I would like to explain the sweating-vomiting-purgation(汗吐下三法), prickling-bleeding method(瀉血療法), and emotional therapy(情志療法). Result : For emotional diseases, he suggested that most should be caused by heart fire(心火) so they should be treated with methods of suppressing heart fire and medication would be using cool and cold herbal drugs which lead to clear heart fire. Conclusion : Theories of Zhang zi-he(張子和) can be applied to nurturing for modern world maintaining and improving health by his care methods. People these days suffer usually from excess intake or unbalanced diet problem, so wastes matter and pathogenic qi can be driven out of the human body by applying the sweating-vomiting-purgation methods. His medical theories could contribute to modernization of traditional medicine this way.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.428-436
• /
• 2008

For Longevity of implant, considerations of biomechanical and microbiological aspects must be done. Recently, due to the remarkable development of bone grafting procedure. Implant has been implanted into the more favorable sites but peri-implantitis resulted from periodontal bacteria may obscure the long-term prognosis. Although many different modalities have been introduced to treat the failed implant. Implant's surface and irreversible bony destruction around the implant prevents good result. After Er,Cr:YSGG (waterlase) laser using the wave-length of 2780nm has been introduced to dental field, good results have been reported. Because waterlase uses the hydrokinetic force of water. It is excellent device to detoxify the implant surface mechanically without the heat generation and damage to the implant surface. We designed to evaluate waterlase effect on the peri-implantitis has been occurred after implantation. Four beagle dogs were involved. We have made four premolar extraction in each right and left side of the lower jaw and placed two implants in the anterior of the jaw as a control and six implant were placed posterior in each socket after extraction immediately as an experimental group. We tied floss-silk in each implant to make peri-implantitis intentionally. After three months, we explored peri-implant sites on each experimental fixtures. Using waterlase laser irradiation was performed on that implantitis sites under 3W, air 30% and water 20% intensity for 2 minutes. In control group, we repositioned the flap to cover the exposed fixture without any supportive care. Three months later, we sacrificed experimental animals and extracted and preparated bone blocks with Donath and Breuner (982), Donath (988)'s methods and examined under microscope. We have obtained good re-osseointegration around fixtures after treating with waterlaser irradiation. But it was shown fibroosseointegration in the control group.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.669-676
• /
• 2004

Post-herpetic neuralgia(PHN) is a chronic pain syndrome associated with the reactivation of a primary infection with varicella zoster virus(chinken pox), which leads to a chronic infection of dorsal root ganglia. The most common risk factor for shingles and its potential sequela, PHN, is advanced age. For a significant number of patients, the pain following healing of shingles can persist for months to years. If this pain, classified as PHN, persists longer than one month. PHN often leads to depression, disrupted sleep, decreased productivity, and utilization of health care. We treated a 60 year-old female patient who suffered pain and headache after Stellate Ganglion Blocks(SGB). In identifying points for differentiation of syndrom(辨證), this subject was diagnosed as Yangmyeong Merdian wind-heat syndrom(陽明經風熱證) and was administered Seungmagalgeuntanggamibang(revised Shengmagalgen-tang, 升麻葛根湯加味方). To ease pain, Western medication was administered as well. After fourteen days of treatment, pain and other symptoms improved.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.20 no.2 s.33
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 2007

Objective : Skin barrier protects skin against harmful environment. Its function includes antimicrobial barrier as well as physical barrier. But there are few studies about skin barrier function about men and women who don't have skin disease. The aim of this study is to investigate skin barrier function healthy men and women show. Method : There are many ways to measure skin barrier function, but lately transepidermal water loss is mainly used to know skin barrier function. Transepidermal water loss was measured over eight four the Korean twenties and thirties who don't have skin disease from March 14th, 2007 to March 16th 2007. We surveyed cubital fossa and cheek beside nose to measure transepidermal water loss and used vapometer. Result : After analyzed data, we concluded that cheek showed higher transepidermal water loss than cuital fossa. At cheek, the thirties had higher transepidermal water loss than the twenties. The male got higher transepidermal water loss than the female at cheek and in the average. And temperature and humidity effected on transepidermal water loss. Conclusion: In our study, it was observed that temperature and humidity effected on transepidermal water loss. In traditional korean medicine, the inbalance of cold(寒), heat(熱), dryness(燥), wetness(濕) makes many diseases and the inbalance of them induces dameum(痰飮) and the disorder of blood flow. Dameum(痰飮) and the disorder of blood flow make skin diseases made by abnormal skin barrier function in many ways. So we need to study dameum(痰飮) and the disorder of blood flow to take care of patients who have abnormal skin barrier function.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.156-161
• /
• 1997

The eddy current probe was designed for the test of fin tubes that have uneven outer and inner surfaces to enhance the efficiency of heat emission. Because of the surface roughness of the fin tube, it needs much care to detect flaws in the tube employing eddy current test(ECT). We made ECT probes with different coil lengths and performed eddy current test using these probes for artificially flawed specimens. By the fast Fourier transform and digital filtering, signals from these probes were processed to characterize frequency spectra. From the analysis of eddy current signals and their frequency spectra, we concluded that, for the effective testing of the tubes with the fins of 1mm pitch, 4mm coil length gave the highest S/N ratio.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.15 no.2 s.69
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 2005

The Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Makino (Cactus) is a tropical or subtropical plant, which is cultivated or grows naturally in Jeju island. It has been widely used as folk medicine for burned wound, edema and indigestion. In addition, its extract has been claimed to have several biological activities including anti-inflammation in oriental medicine. In this study, we examined the antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Makino. The extract showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, including antibiotics resistant bacteria (MRSA, R-P. aeruginosa, VRE) and Propionibacterium acnes, yeast, and fungi. The extract retained the activity after heat treatment for 15 min at $100^{\circ}C$ and $121^{\circ}C$ and after extended storage, up to 10 weeks storage period at $4^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$, also stably retained its activity. It showed a better inhibitoring effect to the growth of E. coli than sodium benzoate did it at the same concentration. Addition of various salts or metal ions did not affect on its antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the antimicrobial characteristics of the extract can be applicable as a natural preservative and an antimicrobial agent for bacterial disease.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2009

Contamination levels of aerobic colony counts, coliforms and pathogenic bacteria were tested in fried rice dishes to monitor quality for risk management. The prevalence of Bacillus cereus in dishes from 8 Chinese-style restaurants and 2 institutional foodservices was 10%, and the bacteria's contamination levels was 3.47 log CFU/g. Echerichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella were not detected in any of the 10 samples. However, for their aerobic colony counts and numbers of isolated coliforms, the samples were 30% and 70% over the microbial criteria, respectively, for ready-to-eat foods presented in the Korean Food Code. This suggests that fried rice dishes, although cooked with oil at high temperature, require special care. For the prediction of the growth curve of B. cereus spp. in the fried rice samples, an experiment design of 3 storage temperatures ($7^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, $57^{\circ}C$) x 5 storage times (0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 24 h) was applied. The sample exposed to $35^{\circ}C$ showed no B. cereus spp. at 0 h; however, there was a tendency of slow growth (1.0 log CFU/g) after 4 hours of storage and then faster growth at 6 h (3.7 log CFU/g) and 12 h (4.7 log CFU/g), showing a growth rate of 0.56 log CFU/g/hr. These results indicate that fried rice, despite being heat-treated, can become heavily contaminated with B. cereus spp. when held over 2 hours at room temperature. However, the samples stored at $7^{\circ}C$ and $57^{\circ}C$ over 24 hours were not contaminated with B. cereus. Based on these results, management guidelines for controlling B. cereus are suggested.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.116-122
• /
• 1998

It is well known that all-trans-retinol is not only very unstable in heat, light, air, and water, but also skin-irritant despite a good anti-wrinkle effect. Therefore, it is very difficult to stabilize retinol and make the safe retinol containing cosmetics by using a certain concentration of retinol with real effect. In order to dissolve these problems and apply retinol for skin care cream, firstly retinol is to be encapsulated in the vesicle called Liposphere (pseudo-liposome) which is made by homogenizing under high pressure the mixtures of lecithin, retinol, caprylic/capric triglyceride, and hydroalcoholic solution ; and then this retinol containing Liposphere is to be intercalated in lamellar liquid crystal layer which is prepared by emulsifying in an optimal ratio the mixtures composed of non-ionic emulsifier (cetearyl glucoside, sorbitan stearate & sucrose cocoate etc), cetearyl alcohol, stearic acid, cholesterol, and ceramide. In addition, the stability of the retinol containing oil in water cream by adding the polymeric emulsifier such as acrylate /C10-30 alkyl alkylate crosspolymer is to be ensured even at 55 C. Retinol containing oil in water cream prepared through above procedure could be very stable at 45 C for at least 50 days. The structure identification of lamellar liquid crystal was determined using polarized light microscope and electron microscope Conclusively, we could make the very stable retinol containing oil in water cream by triple procedure, that is, encapsulation of retinol in Liposphere, intercalation of retinol in lamellar liquid crystal layer, and assurance of the high temperature stability of cream even at 55 C.