• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.318-326
• /
• 2013

This study was performed to investigate relationship between each pattern identification and heart rate variability(HRV) indices. We analyzed 201 subjects who participated in stroke check up. We classified the subjects into four groups of pattern identifications; Fire-Heat pattern(FH), Yin Deficiency pattern(YD), Qi Deficiency pattern(QD) and Dampness-Phlegm pattern(DP) that based on Korean Standard Pattern Identifications for Stroke-III. We investigated significance of HRV indices between each pattern identification and heart rate variability indices. The total number of the subject group was 201, whereas the groups were divided into four groups; Fire-Heat pattern group(n=47), Yin Deficiency pattern(n=65), Qi Deficiency pattern(n=33), and Dampness-Phlegm pattern(n=56). SDNN, TP, Ln(TP), VLF, Ln(VLF), LF, Ln(LF) and HF were significantly higher in the Fire-Heat pattern(FH) group than other groups of pattern identifications, but there was no differences among the Yin Deficiency group, the Qi Deficiency group and the Dampness-Phlegm group. Ln(HF), LF(NORM), HF(NORM) and LF/HF ratio were significantly higher in the Fire-Heat group than in the Qi Deficiency group. However, there was no significant differences among the Dampness-Phlegm group, the Yin Deficiency group, Fire-Heat group and the Qi Deficiency group. Through this study, we found out some significant relationships between each pattern identification group and HRV indices. The result of this study demonstrates that sympathetic nerve was more active in the Fire-Heat group than other groups.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.267-277
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between Cold-Heat pattern tendency and demographic traits, physical character, and vital signs in hypertensive patients taking anti-hypertensive agents. Methods : 28 hypertensive patients 30 to 69 years old were recruited. We assessed their general characteristics, physical characteristics (height, weight, waist circumference, etc.), vital signs without respiratory rate (blood pressure, pulse rate, temperature) and administered a Cold-Heat pattern questionnaire. After that, we analyzed statistical data on separate groups according to Cold-Heat characteristics or other criteria. Results : 1. Heat group patients had statistically higher scores in waist, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and pulse rate. 2. Over weighted group patients had statistically lower scores in cold Pattern Identification. 3. Higher BMI group (above 23/25) patients had statistically significantly higher Heat scores and lower Cold scores, higher waist circumference group patients had lower Cold scores. Conclusions : From the above result in hypertensive patients taking hypertensive agents, Heat group had a obesity tendency and the inverse is also valid. Later, progressed study based on more samples and varied data will contribute to diagnosis the Cold-heat Pattern identification in hypertensive patients.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.230-239
• /
• 2015

This study was performed to find a relationship between each pattern identification and vascular status using the second derivative of photoplethysmogram waveform(SDPTG) indices. We analyzed 200 subjects who participated in stroke preventive examination. We classified the subjects into four groups of pattern identifications; Fire-Heat pattern(火熱證; FH), Yin Deficiency pattern(陰虛證; YD), Qi Deficiency pattern(氣虛證; QD) and Dampness-Phlegm pattern(濕痰證; DP) that based on Korean Standard Pattern Identifications for Stroke-Ⅲ. We studied a relationship between each pattern identification and the SDPTG. The total number of the subject group was 200, whereas the groups were divided into four groups; Fire-Heat pattern group(n=49), Yin Deficiency pattern(n=57), Qi Deficiency pattern(n=45), and Dampness-Phlegm pattern(n=49). b/a ratio was related with age and systolic blood pressure, c/a ratio was associated with age, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and Total cholesterol, d/a ratio was affected with age, diastolic blood pressure, and hypertension, e/a ratio was related with age and sex and SDPTG AI was associated with age. c/a ratio and d/a ratio were significantly higher in the Fire-Heat group than in the Qi Deficiency group. SDPTG AI was significantly higher in the Qi Deficiency group than in the Fire-Heat group. The Qi Deficiency group was significantly older than the Fire-Heat group and the number of hypertension patients was significantly more in the Fire-Heat group than in the Qi Deficiency group. Through this study, we found out some significant relationships between each pattern identification group and the SDPTG indices.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.185-196
• /
• 2021

Objectives: Many symptoms of cold and heat patterns are related to the thermoregulation of the body. Thus, we aimed to study the association of cold and heat patterns with anthropometry/body composition. Methods: The cold and heat patterns of 2000 individuals aged 30-55 years were evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Among the anthropometric and body composition variables, body mass index (-0.37, 0.39) and fat mass index (-0.35, 0.38) had the highest correlation coefficients with the cold and heat pattern scores after adjustment for age and sex in the cold-heat group, while the correlation coefficients were relatively lower in the non-cold-heat group. In the cold-heat group, the most parsimonious model for the cold pattern with the variables selected by the best subset method and Lasso included sex, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and extracellular water/total body water (adjusted R² = 0.324), and the model for heat pattern additionally included age (adjusted R² = 0.292). Conclusions: The variables related to obesity and water balance were the most useful for predicting cold and heat patterns. Further studies are required to improve the performance of prediction models.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2019

Objectives : Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang(黃連解毒湯) is a representative herbal formula with "clear heat(淸熱)" effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang-based intranasal herbal ointment Biyeom-go based on the cold and heat pattern identification questionnaire(CHPIQ). Methods : We performed a subgroup analysis of the previously published prospective observational study. A total of 58 patients with rhinitis were administered Biyeom-go for 4 weeks, and its effects on the Total Nasal Symptom Score(TNSS), Mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire(Mini-RQLQ) score, and nasal endoscopy index score were analyzed based on CHPIQ. Results : Among the 58 patients, the heat and non-heat patterns were shown by 39 and 19 patients, respectively, while the cold and non-cold patterns were shown by 46 and 12 patients, respectively. The change in TNSS from baseline negatively correlated with the heat pattern score(p=0.011). Improvement in TNSS was greater in the heat pattern group than in the non-heat pattern group, with a borderline significant difference(p=0.07). Mini-RQLQ and nasal endoscopy index scores tended to be lower in the heat pattern group than in the non-heat pattern group, but without a statistically significant difference. Conclusion : The findings indicate that CHPIQ is a useful tool for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with rhinitis. This study provides fundamental evidence of the close association between the cold-heat pattern in patients with rhinitis and the treatment effects of Biyeom-go.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.224-228
• /
• 2006

The pattern identification of exterior-interior syndrome and cold-heat syndrome is one of the diagnostic methods using most frequently in Oriental medicine. There was no systematic studies analyzing the characteristics of the 'exterior-interior and cold-heat' between healthy and disease group. In this study, cold-heat pattern, blood pressure, pulse rate, height and weight are recorded from 100 healthy subjects and 196 disease subjects with age ranging from 30 to 59 years. To analyze the differences between healthy and disease group, we used the descriptive statistics. And linear regression function, linear support vector machine and bayesian classifier were used for distinguishing healthy group from disease group. The score of both exterior-heat and interior-cold in healthy group is higher than the score in disease group. This means that if one belongs to the disease group, his(or her) exterior gets cold and his interior gets hot. And also, these result have no relevance to age. But, the attempt to classify healthy group from disease group with a exterior-interior and cold-heat and other vital signs did not have good performance. It mean that even though they have a different trend each other, only these kinds of information couldn't classify healthy group and disease group.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2017

Objectives : In this study, we diagnosed Mibyeong group of adult by taking into Mibyeong Index consideration, and identified the correlation of a Mibyeong group with cold-heat pattern and life quality of them. Methods : The questionnaires were collected by Gallup Korea professional surveyor through face to face interviews. To analyze the differences between health and mibyeong group, we used the descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, ANOVA. And multinomial logistic regression was used to generate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for the differences between health and mibyeong group. Results and Conclusions : The gender composition of respondents in this study that there 545 male (49.5%) and 555 female (50.5%). The score of both cold pattern(health: $21.33{\pm}4.25$, MI 1: $22.43{\pm}4.29$, MI 2: $24.09{\pm}5.03$; post hoc test, p <0.001) and heat pattern(health: $18.4{\pm}4.01$, MI 1: $19.48{\pm}4.10$ MI 2: $19.88{\pm}4.81$; post hoc test, p <0.001) in mibyeong group is higher than the score health group. And, these result have no relevance to age. The score of both Physical component summary (PCS) and Mental component summary (MCS) in health group is higher than the score mibyeong group. Cold-heat pattern and quality of life vary significantly according to health status. This results suggest the analysis of cold-heat pattern and quality of life by health status could provide the setting of direction to promote public health depending on health status.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.14-21
• /
• 2009

Purpose : Among many symptoms that the climacteric patients complain of, the major symptom is heat and cold sensation of body in various pattern. So, we are intended to study patterns of climacteric patients by using D.I.T.I. Methods : We studied 55 patients visiting OO Oriental Hospital from 1st January 2008 to 31th December 2008. The patients were distributed one of patterns by inspecting D.I.T.I. And we investigated the temperature of the region of body in 5 groups. Results : There are five groups in D.I.T.I. Those are heat sensation of face pattern, heat sensation of chest pattern, cold sensation of hand & foot pattern, heat sensation of hand pattern and cold sensation of lower abdomen pattern. 22 subjects are in heat sensation of face group. 12 subjects are in heat sensation of chest group. 12 subjects are in heat sensation of hand group. 6 subjects are in cold sensation of lower abdomen group. 3 subjects are in cold sensation of hand & foot group. Conclusion : 5 patterns of D.I.T.I is showed in climacteric patients. To help oriental medical diagnosis, further studies are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.143-151
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Among many symptoms that the climacteric patients complain of, the major symptom is heat and cold sensation of body in various pattern. So, we are intended to study patterns of climacteric patients by using D.I.T.I. Methods: We studied 55 patients visiting OO Oriental Hospital from 1st January 2008 to 31th December 2008. The patients were distributed one of patterns by inspecting D.I.T.I. And we investigated the temperature of the region of body in 5 groups. Results: There are five groups in D.I.T.I. Those are heat sensation of face pattern, heat sensation of chest pattern, cold sensation of hand & foot pattern, heat sensation of hand pattern and cold sensation of lower abdomen pattern. 22 subjects are in heat sensation of face group. 12 subjects are in heat sensation of chest group. 12 subjects are in heat sensation of hand group. 6 subjects are in cold sensation of lower abdomen group. 3 subjects are in cold sensation of hand & foot group. Conclusion: 5 patterns of D.I.T.I is showed in climacteric patients. To help oriental medical diagnosis, further studies are needed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.697-701
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to fine proteins, which have significantly different level in plasma between Qi-deficiency and Fire-heat group of Korean Oriental Stroke pattern identification (PI) among Korean stroke patients. Eighteen stroke patients with Qi-deficiency and forty nine patients with Fire-heat, which had critical syndrome of each PI, were participated in this study. Plasma protein pattern were analyzed by SELDI-TOF MS using Q10 strong anion exchange chip and Mass spectral data (m/z) statistically determined. The expression level of proteins, which were different between Qi-deficiency and Fire-heat in the results by SELDI-TOF MS, were confirmed by western blot. As a result of analyzing plasma protein by SELDI-TOF MS, six protein peaks were significantly higher in Fire-heat group than Qi-deficiency group. Two peaks among of them, M15003 and M15745, were respectively identified as hemoglobin alpha and beta in previous study. Expression level of plasma free hemoglobin of Fire-heat group was also confirmed higher in Fire-heat group than in Qi-deficiency group. These findings suggest that plasma free hemoglobin is a candidate for discriminating Qi-deficiency and Fire-heat group according to pattern identification (PI) of stroke.