• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.41-46
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• 2015

The snap cure NCP(non-conducive paste) adhesive material is essentially required for the high productivity flip chip bonding process. In this study, the accessibility of DEA(dielectric analysis) method for the evaluation of snap cure behavior was investigated with comparison to the isothermal DSC(differential scanning calorimetry) method. NCP adhesive was mainly formulated with epoxy resin and imidazole curing agent. Even though there were some noise in the dielectric loss factor curve measured by DEA, the cure start and completion points could be specified clearly through the data processing of cumulation and deviation method. Degree of cure by DEA method which was measured from the variation of the dielectric loss factor of adhesive material was corresponded to about 80% of the degree of cure by DSC method which was measured from the heat of curing reaction. Because the adhesive joint cured to the degree of 80% in the view point of chemical reaction reveals the sufficient mechanical strength, DEA method is expected to be used effectively in the estimation of the high speed curing behavior of snap cure type NCP adhesive material for flip chip bonding.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.321-331
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• 1999

The curing process is the final step in tire manufacturing whereby a green tire built from layers of rubber compounds is formed to the desired shape and the compounds are converted to a strong, elastic materials to meet tire performance needs under elevated pressure and temperature in a press. A numerical optimization procedure was developed to improve product quality in a tire curing process. First, a dynamic constrained optimization problem was formulated to determine the optimal condition of the supplied cure media during a curing process. The objective function is subject to an equality constraint representing the process model that describes the heat transfer and cures kinetic phenomena in a cure press and is subject to inequality constraints representing temperature limits imposed on cure media. Then, the optimization problem was solved to determine optimal condition of the supplied cure media for a tire using the complex algorithm along with a finite element model solver.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.426-430
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• 1994

The governing unsteady energy equation with heat of reaction has been formulated and solved numerically to predict the local state of cure(SOC) during the cure process. It was found that there exists a serious temperature distribution within the rubber slab and this gives different SOC within the rubber.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 1997

In the pharmacology of traditional Korean medicine, each drug has its own specific characters. The different characters of drugs are employed to treat diseases, rectify the hyperactivity or hypoactivity of yin or yang, and help the body restore its normal physiological functions, consequently curing the diseases and restoring health. The various characters and functions of these drugs concerning medical treatment include drugs' properties, flavours, actions of lifting, lowering, floating and sinking, channel tropism, toxicity, etc. Among these theories, theory of properties and flavours of drugs provides the basis for drug analysis and application. 'Property' refers to the cold, hot, warm or cool nature of a drug. These properties of drugs are so sorted out according to the different actions of the drugs on the human body and thier therapeutic effects. Drugs which cure heat syndrome(yang syndrome) have a cold or cool property, whereas drugs which cure cold syndrome (yin syndrome) have hot or warm property Drugs of cold and cool-natured and drugs of warm and hot natures are of opposite properties. A cold-natured drug is different from a cool-natured on only in degree, and so is a warm-natured drug from a hot-natured drug. Most of the cool- or cold- natured drugs have the effects of clearing heat, purging fire, removing toxic substances, and nourishing yin, and are uese to cure heat syndromes. On the contrary, drugs of warm or hot nature usually have the effects of dispersing cold, warming up the interior, supporting yang, and treating collapse, and are therefore used to treat cold syndromes. We thought that the property of drug may be related to the autonomic nervous system in western medicine. In other words, drugs of warm or hot nature increase heart rate or acts like sympathomimetics, and drugs of cool or cold nature decrease heart rate or acts like para sympathomimetics . According to this hypothesis, we administrated some drugs to isolated rat right atrium in magnus tube. But there is no correlation between 'property' in traditional Korean medicine and autonomic nervous system in western medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.110-122
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• 2012

This study investigated the effects of layered clay on the thermal curing behavior and tensile properties of resole phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin/clay/cellulose nanocomposites. The thermal curing behavior of the nanocomposite was characterized using conventional differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature modulated (TMDSC). The addition of clay was found to accelerate resin curing, as measured by peak temperature ($T_p$) and heat of reaction (${\Delta}H$) of the nanocomposite’ curing reaction increasing clay addition decreased $T_p$ with a minimum at 3~5% clay. However, the reversing heat flow and heat capacity showed that the clay addition up to 3% delayed the vitrification process of the resole PF resin in the nanocomposite, indicating an inhibition effect of the clay on curing in the later stages of the reaction. Three different methods were employed to determineactivation energies for the curing reaction of the nanocomposite. Both the Ozawa and Kissinger methods showed the lowest activation energy (E) at 3% clay content. Using the isoconversional method, the activation energy ($E_{\alpha}$) as a function of the degree of conversion was measured and showed that as the degree of cure increased, the $E_{\alpha}$ showed a gradual decrease, and gave the lowest value at 3% nanoclay. The addition of clay improved the tensile strengths of the nanocomposites, although a slight decrease in the elongation at break was observed as the clay content increased. These results demonstrated that the addition of clay to resole PF resins accelerate the curing behavior of the nanocomposites with an optimum level of 3% clay based on the balance between the cure kinetics and tensile properties.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2020

Currently, peroxide cure is a widely used cure system for rubber materials. To improve its effectivity, co-agents are used to enhance the peroxide efficiency and mechanical properties of rubber materials. Co-agents are multifunctional organic compounds that are highly reactive towards free radicals. These co-agents provide higher cross-link densities for a given peroxide concentration and improve the mechanical properties of peroxide-cured rubber composites. In this study, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) and high vinyl 1,2-polybutadiene (HVPBD) were used as co-agents. In order to obtain a concentration that achieves a favorable balance between mechanical properties and co-agent concentration, this research investigated the effects of co-agent content on the curing characteristics, chemical structures, and mechanical properties of HNBR composites. Additionally, the heat aging properties and compression sets of HNBR composites were investigated. Based on the results, we found that the HNBR composites with TMPTMA co-agents exhibited higher Shore A hardness and 10% modulus and better heat aging resistance and compression set than that of the HVPBD co-agent. The heat aging resistance and compression set deteriorated with increasing HVPBD content.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2000

To overcome problems of conventional glass ionomers, resin components have been added to glass ionomers. On a continuum between glass ionomers and composites are a variety of blends, employing different proportions of acid-base and free radical reactions to bring about cure. Popular groups defined between the ends are resin-modified glass-ionomers(RMGIs), polyacid-modified composite resins(Compomers) and ionomer modified resins. These groups show different clinical properties, and in selecting these materials for a restoration, one should sufficiently understand these different setting properties. In this study, some difference in the setting characteristics of different groups of hybrid ionomers were examined. Two RMGIs (Fuji2 LC,GC / Vitremer, 3M), three Compomers (Dyract AP, Dentsply / F2000, 3M / Elan, Kerr) were involved in this study. The identification of the setting characteristics of different groups was achieved by a two-stage study. First, thermal analysis was performed by a differential scanning calorimeter, and then the hardness of each group at different depth and time were measured by a micro-hardness tester. Thermal analysis was performed to identify the inorganic filler content and to record the heat change during setting process. The setting process was progressed for each material by chemical set mode and light-cured mode. In the hardness test, samples of materials were prepared with a 6mm-diameter metal ring, and the hardness was measured at the top, and 1mm, 2.5mm, 4mm below at just after a 40 second-cure, and after 10 minutes, 24 hours, and 7 days. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney rank sum test to assess significant differences between set modes and types of materials, and by ANOVA and T-test to evaluate the statistical meanings of data at different times and depths of each materials. Followings are findings and conclusions derived from this study. Thermal analysis; 1. Compomers show no evidence of chemical setting while RMGIs exhibit heat output during the process of chemical setting. 2. Heat of cure of RMGIs exceed Compomers. 3. The net heat output of RMGIs through light-cured mode is higher than through chemically set mode. Hardness test; 1. Initial hardness of RMGIs immediately after light cure is relatively low, but the hardness increases as time goes by. On the contrary, Comomers do not show evident increase of the hardness following time. 2. Compomers show a marked decrease of setting degree as the depth of the material increases. In RMGIs, the setting degree at different depths does not significantly differ.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.174-180
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• 2002

The jaundice means hyperbilirubinemia that it happens bilirubin is contained for much in the blood for the disorder of formation and evaluation about bilirubin. The dry nut is one of the representative medicine which made use of Tae eum in bokchang bujong byung(태음인의 복창부종병) and that is marked use of removing the obstruction of tae eum in, by removing the damping heat(습열) and that is to depend on not the circle of medicine but the food The diet cure of a dry nut might be profound in meaning because the jaundice, the disorder of liver and gall, can be considered in relation to Tae eum in bokchang bujong byung(태음인의 복창부종병) I make a report in the basis of the reliably remedial value about application of a diet cure that a dry not is used to the patient coming to my hospital for the jaundice of ruing his health in eating and drinking

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.5
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• pp.33-52
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate efficient treatment in obesity. In order to help clinical application in obesity treatment, this study was performed to investigate the cause and treatment in obesity. The main finding of this study were as follows. 1. In the cause of oriental medicine in obesity, that were moisture(濕), phlegm(痰), gore(瘀), the productive heat(積熱), overeating, supemutrition, underaction, heredity and habitude, psychologic factor(stress) etc. 2. In the western medicine, the cause of obesity were genetic cause, endocrine disorder, hypothalamic extraodinary and secondary effect of drug. But simple obesity is the greater part. Also there were psychologicai and environmental causes. 3. Ear acupuncture of wide application were Naebunbi, Sinmun, Taejang, $ij{\check{o}}m$, $Pyej{\check{o}}m$, $Bij{\check{o}}m$ etc. 4. Body acupuncture of application were $Naej{\check{o}}ng$, $Sangg{\check{o}}h{\check{o}}$, Pungnyung, Kokchi, $Sam{\check{o}}mgyo$, $Umn{\check{o}}ngch{\check{o}}n$ etc. 5. In oriental medical treatment of obesity, Bangpungtongs ngsan(防風通聖散), Daesihotang(大柴胡湯), Seungkitang(承氣湯), Bangkihwangkitang(防己黃?湯), Richulsaryeungtang(二朮四笭湯), Taeksatang(澤瀉湯), Opieum(五皮飮), Gongyundan(控涎丹) etc were wide applicated. 6. The western medical treatment in obesity encourage the dietary cure, exercise cure and behavior adjustment than medical therapy or operation. In treatment of obesity, the dietary cure and herb-drug therapy, ear acupuncture and body acupuncture are effective. But weight maintenance after treating is more important. After all the continuous dietary cure, behavior adjusting cure and exercise cure are necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 1994

This is the study on causes and remedies of hearing disturbance in chinese medical journals(1991-1993). The results were as follows. 1. The causes of sudden deafness(突發性耳聾) were usually fire in the liver(肝火).phlegmatic fire(痰火), deficiency of the vital function and essence of the kidney(腎虛), blood stasis or sludge due to stagnation of vital energy stagnation(氣滯血瘀). Remove endogenous heat or fire method(淸瀉火熱法). circulation of phlegm and dampness(運化痰濕). using tonics to cure disease due to deficiency of vital essence of both the liver and the kidney(滋補肝腎) were used for each treatment. 2.The causes of menieres disease were usually mental disturbance due to phlegmatit fire(痰化上搖). dampness-phlegm long standing(痰濕內停), water-dampness retention(水濕停滯), Method of remove heat and circulation phlegm(淸熱化痰法), method of remove water and dampness(利水渗濕法), invigorate function of the spleen and circulation of dampness method(健脾化濕法) were used for each treatment. 3. The causes of toxico-deafness(中毒性 耳聾) were usually heart, liver and kidney functional weakness(心肝腎虛), vital essence and blood weakness(氣血虛弱). Remove obstruction in the flow and circulation phlegm(通窮化痰), reinforce vital energy and tonify blood (補氣活血), using tonics to cure disease due to deficiency of vital essence of both the liver and the kidney(滋補肝腎) were used for each treatment. 4. The causes of deafness (耳聾), tinitus(耳鳴) were usually mental disturbance due to wind and heat(風熱上搖). flaming up of excessive heat of the liver(肝火上亢). exhaustion seat of reproductive essence in kidney(腎精虧虛). Remove endogenous heat and disperse wind(淸熱疏風). remove the fire of liver(淸肝瀉火), through nourish kidney check exuberance of yang(滋腎潛陽), nourish kidney yang(補腎陽). replenish vital energy and improve essential substance(益精血), blood activate for treatment of blood stasis(活血化瘀) were used for each treatment. 5. The effects of mainly used drugs were classified into method of water and dampness remove medicine(利水渗濕藥), nourishing liver and kidney medicine(補肝腎藥), improve blood and vital energy activate medicine(活血行氣藥), through nourish yan medicine check exuberance of yang(滋陰潛陽藥).