• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2011

The purpose of present study was to examine brain functions associated with intention to conceal information. Kubo & Nittono(2009) and Verschuere et al.(2009) studied the intention to conceal information using P300 amplitude. On the basis of these two studies, present study attempted to identify brain area while participants were performing concealed information test. 19 healthy college students participated in fMRI-based concealed information test. Participants' name were used as concealed information. The test was performed in two conditions. In the intention condition, participants were instructed to try leaving their names undetected by suppressing their brain response to it. In the no intention condition, participants performed the test without intention to conceal. The fMRI results showed that the right anterior cingulated cortex (Rt. ACC), and left orbito-frontal cortex (Lt. OFC) activations were greater in the deceptive condition than the truth condition. These finding confirmed that ACC is area a deception-specific process as shown in the previous fMRI study. The OFC activation was also observed in the deceptive condition. The OFC is an area known as associated with emotional response such as anxiety, fear, and guilty. The anxiety induced while participants were intended to conceal information might be related to the OFC activation.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to compare changes in near lateral phoria and near point of convergence after viewing smartphones and monitors during short periods. Methods: 50 subjects with healthy eyes from 20s to 30s (mean age, $21.84{\pm}5.13$ years) were examined. Viewing time was set at 5 min to 20 min, and recovery time was 10 min. Near lateral phoria and near point of convergence (NPC) were examined before and after watching smartphones and monitors, and subjectively symptoms for visual fatigue were surveyed using a questionnaire before and after viewing image. Results: The tendency of phoria in viewing smartpones found more exophoric results than in viewing monitors, and both exophoric shifts were recovered after 10 min. The receded NPC in the smartphones was more remote than in the monitors. The smartpones induced more visual fatigue than the monitors. Conclusions: Sustained smartphone works induced changes in phoria and NPC, and this type of stress could cause visual fatigue. Therefore, an appropriate rest breaks can be helpful in relieving visual fatigue.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1274-1278
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• 2003

Syncope in children and adolescents have a common occurrence according for up to 15% before adulthood. Micturition syncope, a kind of situational syncope, can be considered a form of reflex syncope. It can typically occur in healthy young men after rising from bed in the early morning who experience sudden loss of consciousness during or immediately after urination. The mechanism of micturition syncope is not completely understood, but it has been suggested that vasovagal reflex mediated bradycardia and peripheral vasodilation and decreased venous return due to Valsalva effect and standing position lead to the decrease in cerebral blood flow resulting in syncope. The causes of syncope are variable. So complete history taking, physical examination, electrocardiography, exercise stress test, echocardiography, head-up tilt table test, electroencephalography(EEG), brain magnetic resonance image and urodynamic study should be required for the diagnosis of micturition syncope. There were several reports about micturition syncope. However, literature of micturition syncope at the pediatric age has rarely been reported in Korea so far. Therefore, we report a case of a 9-year-old boy with micturition syncope with typical EEG findings of high amplitude delta wave and flattening during syncope.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2632-2640
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether medial gastrocnemius ultrasound imaging of the Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) has the possibilities as a measurement method. This study was conducted from April 21th 2011 to April 30th 2011. Thirty-five healthy subjects were included based on the absence of regular physical activity, and no history of recent trauma, musculoskeletal pathology, cardiovascular disease or drug intake. All subjects induced DOMS through climbing for 5 hours and we measured the visual analogue scale (VAS), creatine kinase (CK) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVlC) of ankle plantar flexor prior to DOMS and at 24, 48 and 72 hours post DOMS and these measurements were compared with pennation angle of medial gastrocnemius measured by ultrasound imaging. Results of this study were as following. VAS, CK, and MVIC of ankle plantar flexor were found significant difference related measurement period (p<0.05) and pennation angle of medial gastrocnemius were found significant difference related measurement period (p<0.05). Furthermore, we confirmed that the flow of change between variables related measurment period was consistent. Through this study, we think that measuring the changes in pennation angle of medial gastrocnemius over time using ultrasound imaging will be able to be used as a new method measuring DOMS.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.4.1-4.10
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• 2019

Background: The mandibular third molar (M3) is typically the last permanent tooth to erupt because of insufficient space and thick soft tissues covering its surface. Problems such as alveolar bone loss, development of a periodontal pocket, exposure of cementum, gingival recession, and dental caries can be found in the adjacent second molars (M2) following M3 extraction. The specific aims of the study were to assess the amount and rate of bone regeneration on the distal surface of M2 and to evaluate the aspects of bone regeneration in terms of varying degree of impaction. Methods: Four series of panoramic radiographic images were obtained from the selected cases, including images from the first visit, immediately after extraction, 6 weeks, and 6 months after extraction. ImageJ software^® (NIH, USA) was used to measure linear distance from the region of interest to the distal root of the adjacent M2. Radiographic infrabony defect (RID) values were calculated from the measured radiographic bone height and cementoenamel junction with distortion compensation. Repeated measures of analysis of variance and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to analyze the statistical significant difference between RID and time, and a Spearman correlation test was conducted to assess the relationship between Pederson's difficulty index (DI) and RID. Results: A large RID (> 6 mm) can be reduced gradually and consistently over time. More than half of the samples recovered nearly to their normal healthy condition (RID ≤ 3 mm) by the 6-month follow-up. DI affected the first 6 weeks of post-extraction period and only showed a significant positive correlation with respect to the difference between baseline and final RID. Conclusions: Additional treatments on M2 for a minimum of 6 months after an M3 extraction could be recommended. Although DI may affect bone regeneration during the early healing period, further study is required to elucidate any possible factors associated with the healing process. The DI does not cause any long-term adverse effects on bone regeneration after surgical extraction.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.6 s.117
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• pp.682-700
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• 2006

This study aims to show a model of environmental planning towards sustainable science parks. For the purpose of this study, an analysis of the environment of green space at sustainable science parks as pertaining to environmental soundness, ecological stability and landscape aesthetics is applied as a case study to Osong Bio-Health Science Technopolis, a developmental promoted district. Considering the factors resulting from Habitat Agenda(II) and other preceding studies, this study derives fifteen elements of environmental planning for sustainable science parks. A questionnaire/survey was conducted with relation to these fifteen elements to officials who would be moved to Osong Bio-Health Science Technopolis. From this survey, it is shown that respondents have a strong awareness that for the sustainable environment of a science park, the park should preserve as much green space as possible, and that the park should be in harmony with the surrounding natural environment. The practice of forestation at sustainable science parks not only develops a healthy environment that promotes an image of green, but also promotes a stable ecological system. As such, this study suggests alternatives to environmental planning from the perspective of landscape ecology by assessing the project of developing Osong Bio-Health Science Technopolis. To continuously maintain landscape aesthetics, one needs to control the height of buildings, lest the forests should be hidden by the buildings.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.357-367
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• 1990

This descriptive study was done to identify factors influencing sexual satisfaction in women who had had a hysterectomy and to compare these with women who had not had a hysterectomy. The purpose was to contribute theoretical understanding on which to base nursing care planning. One group of subjects were 156 women who had had a hysterectomy, between one and 18 months post surgery, living with their spouse, having no complications, and menstruating before surgery. The other group of subjects were 282 healthy women who were living with their husbands and menstruating. The study tool consisted of 108 items including item concerning personal characteristics, characteristics related to the hysterectomy, husband's support, body image, emotions, attitude toward the sexual relationship, knowledge of sexuality, sexual behavior, and sexual satisfaction. Sexual satisfaction was measured by a tool based on Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory. The range of the internal level of the study tool was from. 5208 to .9462. Data collection was done during the period from June 20 to Aug.20, 1989. The same questionnaire was used of data collection for both groups, but a mail survey method was used for the women who had had a hysterectomy, and an interview method was used for the women who had not had a hysterectomy. Data analysis was done using frequency, ratio, mean and S.D. for the characterstics of the subjects and level of sexual satisfaction. t - test or ANOVA was used for the differences between the groups with regard to the general and hysterectomy related characteristics. The relationship between the score for sex life related factors and the level of sexual satisfaction was analyzed using the Pearson Correlation, and the influencing factors on sexual satisfaction were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Mean age and income level were the only general characteristics for the two groups that were significantly different. The mean age, and income level of the group who had had a hysterectomy were 45years, and 1,150,000 won respectively, and for those who had not had a hysterectomy, 41 years and 999,000 won. 2. There was no statistical difference of the sexual satisfaction score between the two groups. 3. There was differences in the factors influencing sexual satisfaction between the two groups. Factors influencing sexual satisfaction for the group who had had a hysterectomy were husband's support (R＝.5793, P＝.000) and the women's Knowledge of sexuality(R＝.6670, P＝.000) (total variance : 33.56). On the other hand, emotional status(R＝.4294, P＝.000), sexual behavior(R＝.4294, P＝.000), husband's support(R＝.5274, P＝.000) and attitude towards sexual relations (R＝.5412, P＝.000) (total variance : 54.12) were the factors influencing sexual satisfaction in the group who had not had a hysterectomy. Since husband's support and sexuality knowledge were identified as factors influencing sexual satisfaction of women who have had a hysterectomy, it can be concluded that, before a woman who has had a hysterectomy is discharged from hospital, nurses should include strategies in the nursing care plan that will promote husband's support and the women's knowledge of sexuality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.14-23
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• 2008

Ran Gang is a huge, attractive river which meanders through Seoul, the capital of South Korea. However, during the modernization of Seoul, the river gradually lost its natural beauty and healthy condition. Han Gang Renaissance is a project to upgrade the look of the Seoul waterfront, by overcoming this disaster and reorganizing the surroundings of Han Gang. This research articulates the design strategies and description of the prizewinning work of the International Design Competition for Yeouido Riverside Park that was linked to the Han Gang Renaissance Project. There are three key points that basically speak to the identity of the new waterfront, Yeouido Riverside Park. First, the current day Yeouido was recreated as an artificial island through the rapid expansion of the city and the initiation of the shore protection works. However, because it is the only island still remaining that shows the history of Han Gang, the park was designed to be the place which preserves the lyric of sand island and the emotional memory of riverside. Secondly, among the six districts of the Han Gang Renaissance Project, the two districts that are facing each other, Yongsan and Yeouido, are the central areas promoting international finance and business. Despite Yongsan's complete urban image, the exquisite harmony of pastoral scenes and skyscrapers of the Yeouido waterfront is presented to develop an active mutual relation with Yongsan. Lastly, this design scheme re-establishes the relationship between this competition's site, Yeouido Riverside Park, and a neighboring site, Yeouido Park.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was to present the functional brain mapping of both functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) in a case of schizencephaly. Materials and methods : A 28-year-old man, who had left hemiplegia and schizencephaly in right cerebral hemisphere, was exacted with both functional MRI and TMS. Motor function of left hand was decreased whereas right hand was within normal limit. For functional MRI, gradient-echo echo planar imaging($TR/TE/{\alpha}$=1.2 sec/90 msec/90) was employed. The paradigm of motor task consisted of repetitive self-paseo hand flexion-extension exercises with 1-2 Hz periods. An image set of 10 slices was repetitively acquired with 15 seconds alternating periods of task performance and rest and total 6 cycles (three ON periods and three OFF periods) were performed. In brain mapping, TMS was performed with the round magnetic stimulator (mean diameter; 90mm). The magnetic stimulation was done with 80% of maximal output. The latency and amplitude of motor evoked potential(MEP)s were obtained from both abductor pollicis brevis(APB) muscles. Results : Functional MRI revealed activation of the left primary motor cortex with flexion-extension exercises of healthy right hand. On the other hand, the left primary motor cortex, left supplementary motor cortex, and left promoter areas were activated with flexion-extension exercises of left hand. In TMS, magnetic evoked potentials were induced in no areas of right cerebral hemisphere, but in 5 areas of left corebral hemisphere from both abductor pollicis brevis. Latency, amplitude, and contour of response of the magnetic evoked potentials in both hands were similar. Conclusion : Functional MRI and TMS in a patient with schizencephaly were successfully used to localize cortical motor function. Ipsilateral motor pathway is thought to be secondary to reinforcement of the corticospinal tract of the ipsilateral motor cortex.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.60-71
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• 2018

Objectives A growing body of evidence has suggested that morphologic changes in cerebellum may be implicated with pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study is to investigate a difference in the volume and cortical thickness of the specific region of cerebellum between patients with MDD and healthy controls (HC). Methods A total of 127 patients with MDD and 105 HC participated in this study and underwent T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging. We analyzed volume and cortical thickness of each twelve cerebellum regions divided by left and right and the volume and cortical thickness of the whole cerebellum from T1-weigted image of participants. One-way analysis of covariance was used to investigate the volume and cortical thickness difference of total and specific regions between two groups adjusting for age, gender, medication, and total intracranial cavity volume. Results We found that the patients with MDD had significantly greater volume in the left cerebellum lobule III region [false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected p = 0.034] compared to HC. Also, our findings indicate that cortical thickness of left lobule VIIB (FDR-corrected p = 0.032) and lobule VIIIB (FDR-corrected p = 0.032) are significantly thinner in the patients with MDD compared with the HC. No significant volume and cortical thickness differences were observed in other sub-regions of the cerebellum. The volumes and cortical thickness of whole cerebellum between patients with MDD and HC did not differ significantly. Conclusions We observed the region-specific volume and cortical thickness difference in cerebellum between the patients with MDD and HC. The results of our study implicate that the information about structural alterations in cerebellum with further replicative studies might provide a stepping stone toward a specific marker to diagnose MDD.