• 한국사회복지학
• /
• 제52권
• /
• pp.241-272
• /
• 2003

본 연구에서는 지역사회 탈빈곤 정책의 일환으로 도입된 자활사업의 성과와 한계를 분석하고 이의 개선방안을 모색하고자 하는 연구목적에 기반하여, 자활참여자들의 자립태도 및 자립요소의 제고라는 측면에서 자활사업의 효과를 분석하였다. 그리고, 이와 더불어, 자활사업의 성과에 자활사업 참여자들의 개인 및 가족특성, 자활후견기관에서의 지원조치들이 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지를 실증분석하였다. 실증분석에는 2002년 5월 전북 및 경남지역 자활후견기관에서 자활사업 참여자를 대상으로 이루어진 설문조사 데이터가 활용되었으며, 분석결과에서는 다음과 같은 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 첫째, 자활사업은 자활사업 참여자의 자립태도 및 자립인식의 제고에 긍정적 성과를 거두고 있음이 나타났지만, 자립요소 및 자립전망의 제고에 있어서는 그 성과가 미흡한 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 자활사업의 긍정적 성과는 여성, 고연령층, 저학력층에서 높게 나타났으며, 특히 건강하고 기술자격증을 보유한 사람에게서 자립태도의 변화 뿐 아니라 자립요소의 제고의 긍정적 성과가 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 자활후견기관에서의 지원양상도 자활사업의 성과에 주요하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났는데, 직무배치, 직업교육프로그램, 기관내 관계망 및 조직풍토 등은 자립태도 및 자립요소의 제고에 긍정적인 영향이 있는 것으로, 반면 인센티브 조치 및 프로그램 유형(시장형) 등은 별다른 영향이 없거나 오히려 부정적인 영향이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상과 같은 분석결과는 자활사업의 효과성 제고를 위해서는 제도적 측면 및 자활후견기관 운영의 측면에서 개선조치들이 광범위하게 요청됨을, 곧 자활대상자 선정과정 뿐 아니라 자활사업 프로그램 및 교육훈련 프로그램의 구성, 자활기관의 운영 등에서의 적극적인 개선이 요청됨을 시시하여 준다.

• 한국초등상담교육학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국초등상담교육학회 2004년도 학술대회
• /
• pp.223-245
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in depression, irrational faith and the school adaptation of elementary school students by their sex and region, to provide basic materials to teach children with the likelihood to be depressed by analyzing the correlation of depression, irrational faith and school adaptation, and help them to have healthy emotion and behaviors. To achieve these goals, following agenda were set. First, what are the differences in the depression, the irrational faith and the school adaptation of elementary school students by their sex and region? Second, what is the relationship between the depression characteristics and the irrational faith of elementary school students? Third, what is the relationship between the irrational faith and the school adaptation of elementary school students? Fourth, what is the relationship between the depression characteristics and school adaptation of elementary school students? : To resolve these agenda, the subjects were selected from Grade 6 students from the elementary schools locatec in Suwon and Hwaseong. The jubjects were selected from the two schools in Suwon and three schools in Hwaseong which were randomly chosen. The subjects were 670 in total. 70 insincere answers were excluded from the analysis. Therefore the subjects used in the analysis were 600 in total(150 male and female students in city respectively and 150 male and female students in rural area respectively). The tools used for this study were Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Irrational Faith Test (over-self-reliance, dichotomy, determinism, over-concern, evasive faith, over dependent faith), School Adaptation Test (Attitudes to teachers and school environments, hobbies and specialties, academic achievements, peer relationship). Materials were processed with the SPSS program for ANOVA and correlation analysis. All the statistical values were verified at .05 level. The followings are the results of the analysis of the collected data. First, in the analysis of depression, there was significant difference between male and female students (F=4.75, p<.05). Female students (X =56.93) showed a little higher value than male students (X =53.83). There was significant difference between regions (F=13.02, p<.001), too. Rural area students (X =57.93) showed higher value than city area students (X =52.82). When analyzing irrational faith, there was significant difference between male and female students (F=S.60, p<.05). Female students (X =81.32) showed a little higher value than male students (X =77.72). There was no significant difference according to regions. When analyzing the school adaptation, there was no significant difference according to either sex or region. Second, depression and irrational faith showed highly positive correlations in all areas. In particular, over concern and evasive faith showed the highest correlation with depression inclination (r=.68, p<.001). When looking into the results by sex and by region, female students (r=.70, p<.001) and the rural area students (r=.69, p<.001) showed higher correlation between depression and irrational faith than male students and city area students (r=.63, p<.001). Additionally, in all areas including by sex and by region, a positive correlation was shown. In all variables such as male students (r=.63, p<.001), female students (r=.72, p<.001), city area students (r=.66, p<.001), and rural area students (r=.69, p<.001), over concern and evasive faith showed the highest correlation with depression inclinations. Third, irrational faith (overall) and its sub factors such as over-self-reliance, dichotomy, determinism, over-concern and evasive faith had significant negative correlations with school adaptation (overall) and its sub factors in the scope of $r=-.27{\sim}-.52$. Determinism out of the sub factors of the irrational faith had the highest negative correlation with school adaptation (overall) and sub factors at the scope of $r=-.37{\sim}-.51$. However, over-self-reliance showed the negative correlation with school adaptation (overall) and its sub factors only partially. When looking into the results by gender, both genders showed significant negative correlation between irrational faith (overall) and its sub factors with school adaptation. Male students showed highly negative correlations with school adaptation (overall) and its sub factors in determinism ($r=-.35{\sim}-52$) and over-concern and evasive faith($r=-.31{\sim}-.51$), and fern ale students showed in over-self-reliance ($r=-.27{\sim}-.45$). However over-self-reliance showed negative correlation with school adaptation and its sub factors only partially. When looking into by region, both city and rural areas showed significant negative correlation between irrational faith (overall) and it sub factors, and school adaptation. Rural areas showed higher negative correlation in irrational faith (overall) ($r=-.39{\sim}-.53$) and over-self-reliance ($r=-.32{\sim}-.44$) and dichotomy ($r=-.28{\sim}-.39$) than city areas. However over-self-reliance showed negative correlation with school adaptation and its sub factors only partially. Fourth, depression and school adaptation showed the negative correlation in all areas. In particular, academic achievements and peer relationship showed the highest negative correlation with depression (r=-.53 p<.001). When looking into the results by sex and by region, female students (r=-.62, p<.001) and rural area students (r=-.61, p<.001) showed higher negative correlation with depression and school adaptation than female students (r=-.56, p<.001) and city area students (r=-.57, p<.001). Although there was negative correlation in all areas by sex and by region, male students (r=-.52, p<.001) and rural area students (r=-.56, p<.001) showed the highest negative correlation in peer relationship and female students (r=-.57, p<.001) and city area students (r=-.56, p<.001) showed the highest negative correlation in academic records. Based on the results of the study, it is proposed to provide elementary school students sho are likely to be depressed very easily with careful counselling and teaching based on the attention and love in school fields so that they can adapt themselves to home, school and society with positive and reasonable thinking.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.495-505
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 산업체에 근무하는 직장인의 근무형태별 특성을 살펴보고 그에 따라 식습관에는 어떠한 상관관계가 있는지 알아보고자 광주광역시 광산구에 소재한 K 제조 공장에 재직 중인 근로자를 대상으로 식습관과 직무스트레스에 관한 설문조사를 실시하고, 이를 토대로 하여 근무형태에 따른 식습관 특성을 살펴보았다. 연구대상자의 나이는 40~49세 및 50세 이상이 가장 많았으며 근무기간은 근무형태와 상관없이 대부분 10년 이상의 경력에 하루 평균 8~10시간을 근무하였다. 단순분석에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 연령, 근무기간, 평균근무시간, 교육수준, 가족월 평균수입, 주관적 건강인식, 중등도 신체활동여부, 음주량, 흡연량, 수면시간, 이상지질혈증 처음진단시기를 보정하여 조사대상자들의 식습관, 카페인 섭취량, 직무스트레스 정도를 분석한 결과 평소의 식사량에 대해 비교대근무 근로자가 $1.4{\pm}0.9$, 교대근무 근로자가 $1.1{\pm}0.5$로 나타나 유의한 차이를 보였고 (p < 0.001), 균형 잡힌 식사 정도는 비교대근무 근로자가 $1.5{\pm}0.6$, 교대근무 근로자 $1.3{\pm}0.4$로 유의한 차이가 나타났다 (p = 0.005). '채소 섭취'는 비교대근무 근로자가 $1.9{\pm}0.7$, 교대 근무 근로자 $1.7{\pm}0.5$로 유의한 차이를 보였고 (p = 0.024), '해조류 섭취' 역시 비교대근무 근로자자 $1.7{\pm}0.6$, 교대근무 근로자 $1.5{\pm}0.4$로 교대근무자에 비하여 유의하게 높았다 (p = 0.049). 반면 '1일 3끼의 식사 중 거르는 일이 있습니까'는 비교대근무에서 $2.1{\pm}0.8$ 교대근무에서 $2.5{\pm}0.5$로 식습관 조사 항목 중 유일하게 교대근무 근로자에서 유의하게 높았다 (p = 0.001). 또한 근무형태별 식습관 점수 합계는 비교대근무 $16.1{\pm}0.6$, 교대근무 $14.0{\pm}0.3$으로 비교대근무 근로자가 유의하게 높았다 (p = 0.035). 직무요구도에서 받는 직무스트레스 정도는 비교대근무에서 $46.2{\pm}2.6$, 교대근무에서 $34.0{\pm}1.4$로 비교대근무에서 유의하게 높게 나타났으며 (p = 0.001), 직무 자율성 결여는 교대 근무 근로자가 $50.7{\pm}1.0$, 비교대근무 근로자가 $44.2{\pm}1.0$으로 교대근무 근로자가 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.001). 조직적 관리체계에 대한 직무 스트레스는 교대근무 $57.0{\pm}1.2$, 비교대근무 $50.9{\pm}2.0$로 교대근무 근로자에서 유의하게 높았다 (p = 0.036). 연구대상자들의 직무스트레스 정도에 따른 제요인 분석은 스트레스 정도의 총합으로부터 정도에 따라 백분위수로 구분하여 분석하였다. 직무스트레스를 가장 적게 받는 근무형태는 교대근무 근로자로 28.1%를 나타냈고, 직무스트레스를 가장 많이 받는 근무형태는 교대근무 근로자에 비해 비교대근무 근로자가 39.7%로 나타나 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.001). 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 교대근무 근로자는 중등도 신체활동과 음주량 및 흡연자가 비교대근무 근로자에 비해 높았으며, 식습관도 좋지 않았다. 사무직을 포함하는 비교대근무 근로자는 교대근무 근로자들에 비해 신체활동이 적고, 직무스트레스를 더 많이 받으며, 식습관은 다소 높게 나타났으나, 전반적인 식습관 평가 점수는 비교대근무 근로자와 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과에도 불구하고 본 연구의 제한점 및 제언은 다음과 같다. 설문조사가 재직근로자의 일부에 국한되었고, 대상자들의 설문결과 근무형태와 무관하게 전반적으로 이상지질혈증 유병률이 높게 나타났으며, 사무직과 생산직 근로자를 포함한 비교대 근로자가 생산직 교대 근무자들에 비해 식행동이 바람직하지 못하고, 직무스트레스를 더 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으나, 본 연구가 단면연구로서 서로의 인과관계를 유추하기에는 한계가 있었다. 따라서 후속연구로는 사무직과 생산직에 근무하는 비교대 근로자 간에, 혹은 생산직에만 근무하는 비교대 근로자와 교대근로자 간의 식습관과 직무스트레스 차이를 비교하는 세분화된 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.42-65
• /
• 1992

A survey was made of 976 students who were selected among students of 5 middle schools at Taegu so that it could furnish basic knowledge about sex education of adolescents by analyzing students recognition of sex, acquaintance with the opposite-sex, sex-education, The survery took a month from Nov. 1, to Nov 30, 1991. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The general characteristics of the surveyed students. The survey consisted of 332 boys middle school student & 325 girls middle school students, 157 male & 162 female students of coeducational middle schools. 32.9% of them were from the first grade, 33.2% from the second grade & 33.9% from the third grade. 35.7% of them believed in Buddhism, 19% Christianism and the mode of their living standard, 86.7%, fell on 34.7% of their parents engaged in commerce and they were followed by salary man and public officals, 93.1 % of the students, parents were alive. 44.9% of their fathers were graduates of high school and 42.2% of their mothers middle school. 2. Sexual maturity 89.1 % of the surveyed girls had experienced menstruation. The mode of first menstruation, 48.2%, was at the age of 13 and the mean of it was 12.9, 3.7% the surveyed boys had exprienced a wet drem before. The mode of the first wet dream, 40.0%, was at the age of 14 and the mean was 13.4. 21.3% of surveyed students had the experience of masturbation but the number of girls fell far short of that boys. The mode of the first masturbation, 37.0%, was at the age of 14 and the mean was 13.4. 3. The acquaintance and sexual relations with the opposite sex 1) Analyzing the students actual conditions with the opposite, I found out that 52.3% of them wanted to have any kind of relations with the opposite and that 30.25 had already had some kind of relations. 73.2% of the students having relations with the opposite thought the other sex merely as a friend and the number of students who were thinking that way was distributed evenly among schools. 28.8% of the students had got acquainted with the other sex through their frieds and there were not much difference between boys and girls in the method of getting acquainated with the opposite. About 35.2% of the students having relations with the opposite came from the third grade. 47.8% of them answered that the meeting place was not fixed and 26.4% answered that they were meeting their parthers outdoors. 60.7% replyed that they were not disturbed in their studies by the relations with the other sex. 2) Most of the students 79.4%, answered that they had never had sexual relations and 16.3% of the rest said that thery were expressing their feelings by grasping each other's hand. 3) 16.6% of the surveyed students asid that they had the exprience of smoking, 1.1 % of an illusion caused by inhaling chemical addhesives, 44.0% of drinking and 41.4% of warching pornographic films. 4. The knowledge and attitude about the sex 1) The distribution and analysis according to schools and grades : 64.8% of the surveyed students answered correctly to the questions about mensturation, 49.3 % did so about wet dreams, 94.3 % did so about conception, 60.6% did so about child birth, 73.9% did so about AIDS and 50.1 % did so about sexual diseases. Roughly speaking, they had not much knowledge of sexual diseases. 2) The recognition of sex according to schools and grades : 39.0% of the students said that they had worries about sex. 33.1 % of what they worried was concerned with their bodies and 26.8% was about the acqaintance and relationship with the opposite sex. The girls were much more concerned about the former and the boys the latter. 51.1 % of the students asid that they had no specific opinion of masturbation but 19.2% said that's alright if self-restrained. About the sexual intercourse before marriage, 75.7% said negatively. 5. The need for sex education most of the students, 99.4% said they needed sex education and there was not much difference in that thought among schools. And 49.7% answered that schools, families, and societies were equlally important in sex education. About half of the students, exactly 50.2%. considered it as the main reason of sex education to prevent accidents cauesd by ignorance of sex. 81.4% said that they had had some kind of sex education. Most of the educations, 87.0%, had taken place at schools but 5.2% said they were getting most of the knowledge about sex from therir friednds, juniors and seniors. 59.5% of the students who had ever had a sex education said "Just so, so" when asked of the level of their contentment but the number of students who said "satisfied" was only a few, 16.1 %. 20.7% of the survered answered that thery wanted sex education to be made in the course of home life, and 26.6 % of the students most wanted to know about the acquaintance and relationship with the oppostie sex, 29.0% preferred nurse teachers as proper councellors of sex education. The mode of their present councellors, 42.0%, was friends but only 7.6% answered they dicussed with teachers. 6. The correlation analysis between general characteristcs and sexual behaviors of the surveyed students revealed that sex had a signigicant(P<0.001) positive correlation with parents' love toward students(P<0.01), the experience of masturbation, smoking, an illusion caused by inhaling chemical adhesives and the experience of watching pornographic films. And the standard of living had a significant(P<0.01) positive correlation(P<0.01) with grade point average, parents' existence(P<0.01) and parents' love, but a significant(P<0.01) negative correlation with sexual worries. grade point average had a significant(P<0.01)negative correlation with the experience of an illusion caused by chemical adhesives(P<0.01) and smoking. Parents' existence had significant(P<0.01) positive correlations with parents' love and smoking but a significant(P<0.01) negative correlation with the experience of an illusion by chemical adhesives. There was a significant(P<0.01) negative correlations between parents' love and the experience of an illusion by chemical adhesives, and a significant(P<0.001) positive correlation among masturbation and sexual worries, smoking, an illusion by chemical adhesives and the experience of watching pornographic films. There was a significant(P<0.001) positive correlation among acquaintance with the opposite sex, smoking, the experience of an illusion by chemical adhesives and watching pornographic films. Sexual worries had significant(P<0.01) positive correlations with smoking, the experience of an illusion by chemical adhesives and watching pornographic films. smoking had a significant positive correlation with drinking the experirence of, an illusion by chemical adhesives and watching pornographic films. Finally, there was a significant(P<0.01) positive correlation between the drinking experience and the illusion experience by chemical adhesives. According to the results mentioned above, the fact is certain that there is a great need for sex education of adolescents. Therefore, it is desirable that the schools teach sexual physiology and normal positively and that sex education including hygien education be an independant course in the curriculums. Furthermore, it is essential that the schools should have enough nurse teachers to take up sex education, expand training opportunities for them and that they develop educational materials. Considering the unbalance of the level of sex educations between boys and girls, I want to suggest that all boys and girls have sex education evenly and lead happy lives by correction irrational thought about sex, that is to say, sex discrimination, Sex education programs, especially of middle school students, should be reexamined if it is to give the students effective and profitable knowledge about sex. In addition, the government should establish a policy of adolescents' sex education to have healthy opinions of sex settled nationwide.