• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.473-479
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• 2013

Purpose: This article tried to find the changes of the eye and a correlation depending on watching a smartphone and taking in alcohol. Methods: This paper conducted the refraction inspection, the radius of corneal curvature, tonometry and the corneal thickness measurement and analysis for 31 persons (18 males and 13 females) who have healthy drinking habit, not having the medical history of taking medicine related with disorders of the eye, a mental disease, systemic disease and alcohol metabolism. Results: Of respirations depending on watching a smartphone, the alcohol concentration was significantly decreased in 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes and the convalescent stage. (p<0.01, p<0.001) As the result of comparing the refraction inspection after and before watching a smartphone when drinking alcohol, there was a significant difference in the cylindrical power and the axis. (p=0.005, p=0.001) The change of intraocular pressure depending on watching a smartphone after drinking alcohol was decreased significantly from 30 minutes (p<0.001), and watching a smartphone didn't have any significant effect on the corneal thickness depending on the elapsed time from when drinking alcohol. Conclusions: Watching a smartphone and taking in alcohol had a significant effect on the cylindrical power and the axis. Watching a smartphone and taking in alcohol which may cause the visual function-strain are the factors that need to consider before the refraction inspection.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.154-159
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• 2020

In this study, we set the occupational satisfaction and communication ability of clinical dental hygienists as the main variables, and investigated the factors that affect communication within the organization to improve the work of dental hygienists. Self-reporting questionnaires were administered to 200 dental hygienists working in dental hospitals and dental clinics in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province from May 18, 2019 to June 12, 2019. We analyzed the data with Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05. Research results: Job satisfaction (r=0.193, p<0.05) and communication ability (r=0.404, p<.001) showed a significant positive correlation with intra-organizational communication, and individual communication ability (β=0.461, P<.001), which was found to have a significant effect on communication within this organization. Therefore, in order to improve the communication skills of dental hygienists, they should be proud of their work as professionals, enhance their job satisfaction, and be able to have a clear expression of their own intentions and effective dialogue. Efforts should be made to provide opportunities such as opening related lectures during internal education and maintenance education.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.188-197
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• 2001

The nutritional status is important for the physical and mental development of children. Children should have sufficient nutrient intake, specially for the developmentally disabled children. In spite of the importance not much research has been done for their food habit and nutritional status. In this study, nutritional status of the disabled children were examined, the number of children studied is 50 children in Seoul between 5 to 6 years old, of whom 11 were austism, 5 were mentally retarded children and 8 were down\\`s syndrome. In order to get the data questionnaires about the food habit and other related factors, and two days food records were used. Their mean height was 108.8$\pm$21.0cm and their average weight was 19.5$\pm$4.6kg. The proportion of study subject with problems of the food habits was 36%, without keeping the regular meal time was 16%, and having snacks 2-4 time daily was 56%. They chose confectionery and fruits as their favorite snacks. The proportion of study subject with the sensitivity to the food colors and smells when they ate was 54%, unskilled using spoon and fork was 58%, and having medications was 20%. When we asked them whether their parents used the food as compensation means or not, 32% of them said that they did it often or sometimes. For the nutrient intake, energy was 1,703 $\pm$ 511kcal, carbohydrate was 242.5 $\pm$ 69.3g, protein was 61.3 $\pm$ 17.5g, lipid was 50.0 $\pm$ 24.4g. As the nutrient intake, it was compared with RDA. The intake of vitamin A and calcium were below RDA. Intake of protein was more than 150% of RDA. The proportion of subject with more than 125% of RDA was 72% for the phosphorus, 62% for the protein, 60% for the Vitamin A and calcium were below 0.75 and that of the others was above 0.75. The mean adequacy ratio(MAR) was 0.88. As we sum up the results of the research, the developmentally disabled children were shorter and lighter than the reference, were having medications, had excessive appetites, and had unbalanced diets. Also they had the bad food habit. As for the nutritional intake, vitamin A and calcium intake were a little less than RDA, and protein and phosphorus intake were too much. With the results of the above research for the disabled children, we can conclude that there are need to take some necessary measures for those children. To establish some programs measures for their better food environment, it is thought that much more research should be done in the future. (Korean J Nutrition 34(2) : 188-197, 2001)

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.24
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• pp.97-117
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• 2005

Internally Korean insurance market is that whole life products' growth are becoming slowdown that's why new insurance products have appeared on the market in consideration of consumer's needs recently. Externally domestic insurance market competitions has drifted from insurance industry to whole financial industry since bankasurance started. Life insurance companies should open up a new market to survive from severe competitions. Worksite marketing can be an alternative. An insurer make arrangements with an employer about an insurance terms which an insurer offers in Worksite marketing. Then eligible individuals enroll in the plans at their own discretion and pay 100 percent of the premium for coverage through payroll deductions. An employer doesn't need to pay extra money for additional benefit but can raise employee's loyalty and satisfaction of company through worksite marketing. An employee can be covered at discounted premium rate and less strict underwriting guidelines to an insurer compared to individual insurance. In developed countries specially U.S insurance market, Worksite marketing is getting very popular and growing rapidly due to the advantages. Worksite marketing has both individual insurance characters and group insurance characters. Individual insurance characters are that employees enroll in the plans at their own discretion and pay 100 percent of the premium for coverage. Group insurance characters are that actively at work and participation etc. An insurer have to reflect these two characters on Worksite marketing when an insurance company work out a plan for developing products and underwriting guidelines. When an insurer devise worksite products, one should consider participation level which means percentage of eligible employees participating. Participation is related to anti-selection. As we know underwriting is essential for every kind of insurance, especially underwriting plays major role in worksite marketing. We can see that in the below. Firstly, it has a function in calculation of premium rate. When calculate premium rate for worksite products underwriters have to estimate expected participation level and risk factors. So underwriters and acturies keep in close contact with each other. Secondly, underwriting methods are important. When an insurer underwrite worksite products, there are three kinds of underwriting methods. These are Simplified issue underwriting, Full underwriting and Guaranteed issue underwriting. Simplified issue underwriting typically requires no medical examination, but usually requires supplying satisfactory answers to one or several health and/or lifestyle questions. Full underwriting requires a complete medical history questionnaire that may further require an exam. Guaranteed issue underwriting means that coverage is issued without the employee having to provide evidence of insurability. When insurer set the GI limit are usually based on the type of industry, number of eligible employees, the average amount of coverage and participation level. In addition to insurer should have a clear definition of eligible employee on the insurance provision and application form. It will minimize possibility of trouble claims and anti-selection. An insurer also establish preexisting condition exclusion and special guidelines for late entrants. When an insurer introduce Worksite marketing to Korean insurance market, an insurer has to examine market research to analyze potential market and strategy of sales most of all. Also an insurer should review real situation of the U.S, England and Japanese market etc. There are a lot of new technologies about worksite marketing process that an insurer should learn. When an insurer consider many things which we explained it can be a real alternative.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.158-164
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• 2012

Purpose: To evaluated the patterns of failure, survival rate, treatment-related toxicity and prognostic factors in postoperative radiotherapy of patients with ependymoma. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for ependymoma between the period of June 1994 and June 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. The age of patients ranged from 21 months to 66 years (median, 19 years). Seventeen patients had grade II ependymoma, and 13 had grade III anaplastic ependymoma according to the World Health Organization grading system. The postoperative irradiation was performed with 4 or 6 MV photon beam with median dose of 52.8 Gy (range, 45 to 63 Gy), and radiation field including 2 cm beyond the preoperative tumor volume. Median follow-up period was 51 months (range, 12 to 172 months). Results: Fourteen out of 30 (46.7%) patients experienced recurrence, and 12 of those died. Among those 14 patients who experienced recurrence, 11 were in-field and 3 were out-of-field recurrence. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 66.7% and 56.1%, respectively. On univariate analysis, tumor grade was a statistically significant prognostic factor for OS and PFS. There were two complications after surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, including short stature and facial palsy on the left side. Conclusion: We observed good survival rates, and histologic grade was a prognostic factor affecting the OS and PFS. Almost all recurrence occurred in primary tumor site, thus we suggest further evaluation on intensity-modulated radiotherapy or stereotatic radiosurgery for high-risk patients such as who have anaplastic ependymoma.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1265-1270
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• 2009

The mushroom, Sarcodon aspratus was tested for its possibility of being a health food against corpulence. The mushroom powder was fed to rats with high-fat diet-induced corpulence for 6 weeks. To measure its effects, various factors such as obesity index, serum lipid, and organ weight were analyzed and compared. The group fed a high-fat diet showed a significant increase in the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in serum. However, this increase was not shown in the group fed mushroom powder. The R$\ddot{o}$hrer index (one of many obesity indexes) was higher in the group fed a high-fat diet compared to that of control group. However, there was a significant decrease in the R$\ddot{o}$hrer index in the group fed with mushroom powder. Especially, the increased ratio of liver to body weight was observed in the group fed a high-fat diet compared to the control group. These results suggest that the significant changes in obesity index and organ weight in the group fed with mushroom powder are due to the decreased level of serum triglyceride. Thus, there is a possibility for Sarcodan aspratus to become a heath food that can prevent diseases related to corpulence.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.332-336
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• 2012

Purpose: The third molar extraction is one of the mostly performed procedures in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery. In most of dental clinic or hospital, the third molar extraction used to be frequently performed in an office-based surgery, and most patients did not have specific medical history with young ages. Medical history taking are dependent on the only way by asking to the patients about their individual conditions. Therefore, as the specialists of the oral and maxillofacial surgery in the field of dentistry, we suggest a new policy that the preoperative lab must be performed routinely before extraction of the third molar. Methods: This study is based on 1,096 patients who have been managed with third molar extractions, from March 2008 to September 2011 by a single surgeon. The preoperative lab, including complete blood count, coagulation panel, chemistry and serology, was performed before any surgical procedures. The results were informed to the patients regardless of their abnormalities, and any abnormalities related to the surgical procedures, such as platelet count and coagulation factors, were checked and corrected safely. Results: Through the preoperative blood test, systemic diseases that the patients had not recognized before, such as anemia, leukopenia, fatty liver and chronic renal disease, were identified. Patients with acute or chronic leukemia, Hepatitis B, and HIV positive, were also detected as a small number. Also, the possibilities of the cross-infection between dentists and patients or between patients and patients, and any other emergency situations can be prevented; as well as the public health condition can be improved, too. The patients were satisfied with low cost preventive blood test and high quality of medical services. Conclusion: Therefore, routine medical lab testing, including history taking are needed before an office-based minor surgery, such as third molar extractions, and these results were suggested as a new policy in the field of dentistry.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4379-4386
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• 2013

Projection of cancer incidence is essential for planning cancer control actions, health care and allocation of resources. Here we project the cancer burden at the National and State level to understand the magnitude of cancer problem for the various calendar years from 2011 to 2026 at 5-yearly intervals. The age, sex and site-wise cancer incidence data along with populations covered by the registries were obtained from the report of National Cancer Registry Programme published by Indian Council of Medical Research for the period 2001-2004. Pooled age sex specific cancer incidence rates were obtained by taking weighted averages of these seventeen registries with respective registry populations as weights. The pooled incidence rates were assumed to represent the country's incidence rates. Populations of the country according to age and sex exposed to the risk of development of cancer in different calendar years were obtained from the report of Registrar General of India providing population projections for the country for the years from 2001 to 2026. Population forecasts were combined with the pooled incidence rates to estimate the projected number of cancer cases by age, sex and site of cancer at various 5-yearly periods Viz. 2011, 2016, 2021 and 2026. The projections were carried out for the various leading sites as well as for 'all sites' of cancer. In India, in 2011, nearly 1,193,000 new cancer cases were estimated; a higher load among females (603,500) than males (589,800) was noted. It is estimated that the total number of new cases in males will increased from 0.589 million in 2011 to 0.934 million by the year 2026. In females the new cases of cancer increased from 0.603 to 0.935 million. Three top most occurring cancers namely those of tobacco related cancers in both sexes, breast and cervical cancers in women account for over 50 to 60 percent of all cancers. When adjustments for increasing tobacco habits and increasing trends in many cancers are made, the estimates may further increase. The leading sites of cancers in males are lung, oesophagus, larynx, mouth, tongue and in females breast and cervix uteri. The main factors contributing to high burden of cancer over the years are increase in the population size as well as increase in proportion of elderly population, urbanization, and globalization. The cancer incidence results show an urgent need for strengthening and augmenting the existing diagnostic/treatment facilities, which are inadequate even to tackle the present load.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.353-357
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• 2005

Declining auditory performance with advanced age is a well known and common problem that is becoming more Prevalent due to the increasing number of elderly people in our society. We introduce a novel ARCISM (Audiogram Result Computer Input. Save & Management software) data management program which enables the assessment of the risk of past history of hearing impairment on the basis of known risk factors. This study investigates the reference levels of pure tone hearing threshold of normal aging in Korean and the difference between fenders. The subjects were carefully selected by questionnaire and absence of any history of otologic infection, noise exposure. and ototoxic drug among 1603 subjects. who visited Health Promotion Center in Daegu Fatima Hospital for one year. The results show (1) hearing sensitivity declines with age. (2) higher frequency shows steeper slope of hearing declines than lower frequency. and (3) there were more hearing loss at 4 and 8 kHz in men than in women. Due to the ARCISM program. it was possible to manage huge data of hearing results and to obtain the reference level of a9e-related hearing declines. Furthermore, we expect that the results of this study can be the fundamental data for hearing rehabilitation for the elderly and for developing suitable hearing aids for Korean.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.411-416
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• 2011

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the major causative bacteria in dental caries. Xylitol is effective anticarious natural sugar substitute by inhibiting the virulence of S. mutans. However, long-term xylitol consumption leads to the emergence of the xylitol-resistant (XR) strains which means xylitol is no more inhibited their growth. We therefore confirmed the general characteristics and the virulence factors of the xylitol-sensitive (XS) and XR S. mutans for different concentrations of xylitol. S. mutans KCTC 3065 was maintained in TYE medium containing 0.4% glucose with 1% xylitol during 30 days at $37^{\circ}C$, 10% $CO_2$ to form XR strain. The strains were transferred to new medium every 24 hr and the same procedures without xylitol were repeated for the formation of XS S. mutans. Both XS and XR were cultured in different concentrations of xylitol (0%, 0.1% and 1%) then, cell growth, acid production and mRNA expression of gtf genes were analyzed. Xylitol reduced the cell growth of XS S. mutans in dose-dependent manner, but not reduced that of XR. Xylitol inhibited acid production of XS in dose-dependent manner, but not inhibited that of XR. Xylitol reduced the gtfB and gtfD mRNA expression of XS S. mutans which genes synthesized soluble and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides, but not reduced that of XR. These results indicate that the virulence of XR S. mutans is different characters of XS strains, which suggests XR strains may have different cariogenicity of XS strains. Further study is needed to explain the mechanism related to extracellular polysaccharide in the XR strains.