• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.865-873
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• 2016

Background/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Nd:YAG irradiation on adherence of retrograde filling materials (mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA] and Super-EBA) by micro-computed tomography (CT) measurement and to observe the dentinal surface after irradiation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and methods: Forty retrofilling models using extracted human teeth were divided into four groups according to the material and method used: ProRoot MTA (MTA group), Super-EBA (EBA group), MTA with Nd:YAG laser irradiation (LMTA group), and Super-EBA with Nd:YAG laser irradiation (LEBA group). All specimens were stored in 100% humidity for 24 hours until micro-CT was performed. The gap volume of the tooth/material interface was measured using the CTAn program. In six samples, the laser-irradiated dentin surface was observed using SEM. Results: The mean percent difference in gap volume was not statistically significant between the Nd:YAG laser-irradiated groups and non-irradiated in both materials(P > 0.05). The gap volume in the MTA group was significantly lower than that in the EBA group (P < 0.05). Examination of the non-irradiated specimens by SEM showed patent dentinal tubules. In contrast, alterations in the texture of the dentin surface and obliteration of the dentinal tubules were evident in the Nd:YAG laser-irradiated specimens. Conclusion: In this study, changes in the dentinal surface after Nd:YAG irradiation did not affect adherence between the apical filling material and the dentin wall.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.251-260
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of people in general about orthodontic treatment and their attitude to that by conducting a survey in a bid to provide information on the improvement of their incorrect awareness of orthodontics and on the development of clinical orthodontic treatment. Methods and Results : The subjects in this study were 389 people in general who resided in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. A self-administered survey was conducted, and the findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for awareness of orthodontic treatment among the people in general by gender, the women knew better about orthodontic treatment than the men, and the gender gap was significant(p<0.05). 2. Concerning satisfaction with the shape and arrangement of the teeth by age, those who were in their 20s were most satisfied, and the teens were satisfied the least. There were significant gaps according to age (p<0.05). 3. As a result of checking the degree of their inconvenience about the use of chewing teeth by age, the people who were in their 30s felt the most inconvenience, and the gap between them and the others was significant(p<0.01). 4. As a result of asking them whether they had an intention to receive orthodontic treatment, the women had a more intention to do that than the men(p<0.001). By age, the younger respondents had a more intention, and the gaps between them and the others were significant(p<0.001). 5. As a result of analyzing their perception of the positives of orthodontics by gender, the women took a more positive view of it than the men, and their gap was significant(p<0.01). Conclusions : When orthodontic treatment or orthodontic treatment counseling is provided to orthodontic treatment patients or people in general in the field of clinical dentistry, it should be noted that the way patients and people in general look at orthodontic treatment is different according to their age and gender, and they should be informed of the positives of orthodontic treatment to step up the development of orthodontic treatment.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2006

The GJB2 mutation is mostly recessive in non-syndromic hearing loss, but specific mutations display a dominant type and syndromic hearing impairment. Both U54K and R75Q mutations present a dominant type in pedigrees with associated skin disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether two GJB2 mutations can exhibit a dominant-negative effect on the growth abrogation and the gap junctional intercellular communication capacity exerted by wild-type connexin 26. A specific mutant region of GJB2 showed a loss of gap junction activity and a dominant negative effect on wild-type GJB2. The two mutants exerted a dominant-negative effect on the GJIC capacity and have independently effected GJB2 regulated growth of Hela cells; however, they have no dominant-negative growth effect on wild-type GJB2. It is proposed that the different mechanisms of the dominant-negative effect on wild-type GJB2 involve cell growth and GJIC function. This study describes mutations found in Korean deaf patients and that are typical of other east Asian regions.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2006

The movement range on the semi adjustable articulator and the movement range in an oral were measured. And then I studied to analyze the gap. I got wax records by the movement on the semi adjustable articulator, the movement in an oral. I measured the distance of the cusp tips that are close to the mesial direction and the distal direction, the buccal direction and the lingual direction then I compared gaps. As I saw results on data, I knew that the semi adjustable articulator represented the range of mandibular movement restrictively. I could find the decisive contradiction that the sliding movement finished on the semi adjustable articulator although it did not finish in an oral. When the sliding movement does not reappear exactly, it brings a fatal failure to the dental prosthesis. In addition it is impossible that the semi adjustable articulator restores the movement in an oral because the lateral condyle inclination and the horizontal condyle inclination are appeared to be straight. Therefore dental prosthesisses were made by the semi adjustable articulator, they will interfere with a mastication. I have obtained the following results; 1. The distance of sliding movement on the semi adjustable articulator showed shorter than the distance of sliding movement in oral. This means the increase of cusp inclination of the dental prosthesis that was made on the semi adjustable articulator. Therefore, when the lateral movement occurs in oral, there is a possibility to become the premature as the increase of cusp inclination. 2. The difference in the range of movement is considered as the gap that is made because the movement only can be occurred as straight in the semi adjustable articulator. 3. When the dental technician understand mandibular movement and articulator deficiencies, they can attain proficiency in use of the articulator and reduce the gap.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2003

I measured the movement range on the hinge articulator and the movement range in an oral. And then I studied to analyze the gap. I got wax records by the movement on the hinge articulator, the movement in an oral and the movement on the hand articulating. I measured the distance of the cusp tips that are close to the mesial direction and the distal direction, the buccal direction and the lingual direction then I compared gaps. As I saw results on data, I knew that the hinge articulator represented the range of mandibular movement restrictively. I could find the decisive contradiction that the sliding movement finished on the hinge articulator although it did not finish in an oral. If the sliding movement does not reappear exactly, it brings a fatal failure to the dental prosthesis. In addition it is impossible that the hinge articulator restores the movement in an oral because the lateral condyle inclination and the horizontal condyle inclination are fixed previously. Therefore dental prosthesisses were made by the hinge articulator, they will interfere with a mastication. I have obtained the following results; 1. The distance of sliding movement on the hinge articulator showed shorter than the distance of sliding movement in oral. This means the increase of cusp inclination of the dental prosthesis that was made on the hinge articulator. Therefore, when the lateral movement occurs in oral, there is a possibility to become the premature as the increase of cusp inclination. 2. The results that were impressed records in oral and impressed records on the hand articulating have many congruities. I think that the simple crown etc. that were made by the hand articulating method except the long span bridge and the free end case that can not measure the vertical dimension exactly can represent similarly the mandibular movement. 3. If we want to represent the mandibular movement similarly, we have to use the articulator that can adjust the horizontal condyle inclination and the lateral condyle inclination at least.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.362-370
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• 2020

Objectives: Despite greater access to training positions and the presence of more women in emergency medicine, it has remained a men-dominated field. This study aims to identify the key issues causing the gender gap in Korea and establish measures to overcome them. Methods: Using the annual statistical reports of the National Emergency Medical Center and data published on the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine website, cases that listed the current status and positions of members in its organization and its committees were analyzed. Secondary analysis was conducted using data from the 2015 Korean Society of Emergency Survey that included physicians' demographics, academic ranking, years of experience, clinical work hours, training and board certification, core faculty status, position, and salaries. Results: As of September 2019, women account for only 12.7% of the total number of emergency physicians (EP) in Korea; of 119 chair/vice-chair academic positions, women represented only 9.2%. Women EP were more often assistant professors and fellowship-trained, with fewer in core faculty. However, they worked the same numbers of clinical hours as their men counterparts. The median annual salary of women EP was less than that of men EP after adjusting for academic hospital rank, clinical hours, and core faculty status. Conclusions: A gender gap still exists among Korean EP, and women earn less than men regardless of their rank, clinical hours, or training. Future studies should evaluate more data and develop system-wide practices to eliminate gender disparities.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2009

The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of the nutritional education program on educational perception, facilities, contents and systems, which were focused on the school obesity education in the elementary school. A five point Likert scale was used to evaluate the importance and performance of each item in four sections of the survey and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA; gap between importance and performance) matrix analysis was applied to determine improvement priority. The findings from IPA matrix analysis are in the following. The items of the sections to be improved intensively are recognition of parents and in-charge teacher, availability of the education place, preparation of consulting room, preparation of various teaching media, interest of an education program, meal adjustment of overweight children, combination with education and exercise, education for psychological factors, development of scientific and systematic education program and reduction of meal service duty for education. Accordingly, the IPA matrix analysis suggested that an intensive improvement area should be excessively concentrated on for better performance. The regional gap between importance and performance showed significant difference for textbook and diet of overweight children in Kyunggi-Do. There were significant differences for the government perception, dietary habits and food-life education, fast-food education, education for breakfast importance, and education of school meal indication system and method to read food nutrition indication in Chollabuk-Do. As for the age gap between importance and performance, the twenties showed significantly bigger gaps in perception of school dietitians and linking between school meals and diet education. Therefore, more proactive efforts for the education for obesity prevention are necessary to prevent childhood obesity in elementary school and to help children to possess better health throughout their entire lives.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.30-42
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• 2016

Purpose: This study compared the importance and performance of rehabilitation nursing needs perceived by stroke patients and nurses. Methods: A total of 275 subjects were divided into two groups. One group was 136 stroke patients and the other was 139 nurses. Data were collected with the Rehabilitation Nursing Service Inventory. The data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The degree of importance and performance in rehabilitation nursing needs perceived by the stroke patients were $3.69{\pm}0.47$ and $3.48{\pm}0.50$, respectively, showing a significant difference (t=21.04, p<.001). The degree of importance and performance perceived by nurses were $3.84{\pm}0.42$ and $3.60{\pm}0.45$, respectively, showing a significant difference (t=26.53, p<.001). A significant difference in the degree of importance and performance in rehabilitation nursing needs was also observed between stroke patients and nurses (t=-2.78, p=.006; t=-2.12, p=.035). Conclusion: These findings showed that there was a perception gap between stroke patients and nurses. Therefore, it will necessary to identify methods for reducing this perception gap and developing rehabilitation nursing intervention considering the rehabilitation nursing needs of stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.159-177
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• 2014

This study examines gender differentials in depression among Korean older adults. Using logistic regression and decomposition methods, this study analyzes factors that predict depression of a full sample and separate male/female samples, respectively. Further, this study decomposes factors that affect gender differentials in depression into two components: the distributions of individual variables and the returns to risk. This study finds the variables that separately predict depression by gender. For male, having a smaller social network is associated with depression; however for female, the number of falls is associated with depression. This study also finds that being married, having greater satisfaction with current financial situation, and having good physical health increases the gap between males' and females'depression. Married male have greater returns from marriage than females. If females had the same returns as male, then the gap would have decreased by about 40%.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.144-148
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to utilizing the Tetrax$^{(R)}$ balance measuring instrument in order to analyze the postural balance of males and females in their 30 s diagnosed with chronic lower back pain who have followed a 12-week rehabilitation exercise program. The research also examines the effects on any change in back pain level. In terms of the variables in this research, postural balance (left/right, front/back, postural balance) and pain level change (0~100 mm) were measured. Pre-/post-experimental differences were assessed using the paired-t test. In addition, to identify any gender gap, we set the preliminary scores as a covariate and ran the Analysis of Covariance. Statistical significance (a) herein was set at 0.05. As a result of this research experiment, the left/right, front/back, and overall postural balance were found to increase in both the male and female cases, but with no statistical significance or gender gap. However, both males and females showed a significant decrease in their back pain levels. These findings demonstrate the necessity of continuing clinical research based on the Tetrax$^{(R)}$ equipment for scientific evaluation of the effects of rehabilitation exercises on chronic lower back pain patients and their balancing ability.