• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 1987

Authors could recognize surrounding areas induding target area by the observable film density with spot radiography using Cu mask and also, radiographic images maintained high quality. Spot radiography has been utilized for a long time for the purpose of observing detail image by the control of scattered radiation. But it has been difficult to know body part in general spot radiography. Therefore it is thought that attempt to use Cu mask in spot radiography is very advantageous in a clinical examinations.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.617-623
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of health behavior on oral health of Korean adolescents. Methods: The study subjects were 1,071 adolescents of 13-18 years old from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2012. Male students were 54.5% and female students were 45.5%. The study consisted of two groups: 13-15 years old and 16-18 years old groups. Data were analyzed by SAS 9.13 version. Results: Those who ingested alcohol had gingival bleeding in 41.0% and 31.0% in those who did not. Those who did not have regular oral examinations had 38.5% of gingival bleeding while those with regular oral examination had 29.7% of gingival bleeding (p<0.01). Students between 16 to 18 years old without oral care products tended to have more gingival bleeding than those who use auxiliary oral hygiene devices (OR=2.658, 95% CI=1.327-5.324). Conclusions: The oral health management of adolescents is closely related to health behavior. Cessation of alcohol ingestion and smoking is very important to improve the adolescent oral health.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1029-1038
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was examine a relationship those variables with health-related quality(HRQOL) of life in the elderly and provide basic information on HRQOL and evidence for establishing effective health policies for old ages ultimately. Methods : This research was conducted through individual interviews using a structured questionnaire and oral status examinations of 600 residents The data have been analyzed using $X^2$-test through PASW Statistics 18.0.0(SPSS Korea Datasolution Inc.) and Structural Equation Modeling through LISREL ver8.8. Results : According to the Structural Equation Modeling, independent variables which influence the health-related quality of life are as follows: sex the highest, followed by existence of chronic diseases, perceived health, age, perceived oral health the lowest. Parameters are as follows: oral health-related quality of life the highest, followed by subjective oral symptoms, and oral health status the lowest. Conclusions : In order to improve the quality of life of olds, it is not only necessary to improve perceived health through reduce of chronic diseases, but is also required to regular tooth check-up to reduce subjective oral symptoms for increase oral health-related quality of life.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2015

To investigate the necessity of periodontal treatments, and the association of the health lifestyle with periodontal treatments, the data of 11,488 adults targeted in the 5th (2010, 2012) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used in this study. Chi-squared test was conducted to compare the subjects' general features with the health lifestyle of the patients who needed periodontal treatments. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to confirm the variables that could affect the necessity of periodontal treatments. As a result of verifying the necessity of periodontal treatments according to the general features and health lifestyle, the necessity decreased with the higher income level and education level, and in the cases of nonsmokers, frequent toothbrushing, and using oral hygiene products. When the subjects who did not had oral examinations, their necessity for periodontal treatments significantly increased (p<0.01). The variables that affected the necessity of periodontal treatments included residence, gender, education level, obesity, and oral examinations (p<0.01). Therefore, health lifestyle was thought an important variable that had affected the oral health status. Professional dental hygienists must provide people with action programs of health lifestyle to promote the national oral health status.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.2 s.50
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• pp.406-420
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• 1995

To study the health hazards and exposure status of manganese among female manganese workers, authors conducted airborne, blood and urine manganese concentration measurements, questionnaire and neurological examinations on 80 manganese-handling productive female workers(exposed group) in a manganese manufacturing facto in Pohang city and 127 productive female workers not handling manganese(control group) in other factories in the Pohang city. The results are; 1. Geometric mean concentrations of manganese in air and urine were $0.98mg/m^3\;and\;4.12{\mu}g/l$ and arithmetic mean concentration of manganese in blood was $6.94{\mu}g/dl$ in exposed group, significantly higher than those of control group(p<0.05). However, clinical and laboratory findings in exposed group were not statistically different from those of control group. 2. As age increase, positive rates of clinical symptoms also increased in the exposed group. However, in older aged group, the positive rates of symptoms and signs were statistically different from those of control group. We observed the same tendency in the positive rates of the neurological examinations. 3. There was statistically significant correlation between airborne and urine manganese concentrations(r=0.61, p<0.01) while there was no statistically significant correlation between airborne and blood manganese concentrations(r=0.29, p>0.05). The results suggest that urine manganese concentration was the best appropriate biomarker to estimate the exposure to manganese in respect to clinical symptoms and signs. In the analysis of correlation between urine and airborne manganese concentrations, it is required to adjust the present permissible exposure level(PEL) of airborne manganese.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.124-130
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• 2006

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the concordance rate of the diagnostic results among Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) specialists. 2. Methods We carried out two studies in order to investigate the concordance rate of the diagnostic results between SCM specialists. We calculated the kappa value for analyzing concordance rate(using the SPSS program). 1) Study A : We investigated 142 clients who had taken health examinations and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from March 9, 2005 to March 29, 2005 at a health examination center of Kyung-Hee medical center. Every SCM specialist diagnosed 142 clients directly. Each SCM specialist don’t know the other specialist’s diagnosis. 2) Study B : We investigated 176 clients who had taken health examinations and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from January 2005 to March 2005 at the department of Occupational and Environmental medicine of Kyung-Hee medical center. One SCM specialist diagnosed 176 clients directly and the other specialist knowing previous specialist’s diagnosis, diagnosed each person indirectly 3. Results 1) The concordance rate of the diagnostic results among SCM specialists in study A was relatively high(kappa value=0.700). 2) The concordance rate of the diagnostic results among SCM specialists in study B was high(kappa value=0.895). 4. Conclusions We can confirm the concordance rate of the diagnostic results among SCM specialists is relatively high.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2001

A 23-year-old female has visited university hospital for abdominal colic and constipation. She took home-made herb pills for 15 days as a traditional remedy for skin eczema. On clinical examinations, conjunctiva was pale, sclera was icteric and lead line was visible on gingiva. Laboratory examinations are as follows; hemoglobin was 8.6g/$d{\ell}$, reticulocyte was 4.2% and there was basophilic stippling of erythrocytes in peripheral blood smear. Blood level of lead was elevated as $69{\mu}g/d{\ell}$. The herb pills contained 3.32% lead, with cumulative dose of lead over 3.2g. The herb pills were manufactured by a 70-year-old man who was not aware of the health hazard of lead. We suppose that he made herb pills with the imported raw materials from China that contained a high percentage of lead.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.53-65
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the prenatal heath care utilization and expenditure among pregnant women. Method: This was a 5-month follow-up study using a stratified sampling and the data were drawn from the "nationwide claim database of Korean National Health Insurance Corporation". Result: This study found that pregnant women were first diagnosed with pregnancy when they were 7.1 weeks pregnant, received 12.7 times of prenatal examinations and 10.6 times of ultrasonogram. It was revealed that 67.5% of the subjects continued to receive prenatal care at the same medical institutions from the diagnosis of pregnancy to the delivery. The study also showed that the total expenditure of prenatal care per pregnant woman was 700,000 Korean Won (KRW) on average and the insurance coverage rate stood at only 20%. Pregnant women living in metropolitan area spent more on prenatal healthcare expenditure than those who living in medium-sized city or rural area. Conclusion: The results of this study implies that the government needs to provide pregnant women with continuous support by increasing health insurance coverage for prenatal care. Especially, it is considered to provide more support to the pregnant women residing in medically underserved areas.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.6-14
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the need to develop health promotion programs for adult women and to compare lifestyle, health status and quality of life in adult women in urban and rural areas. Method: The participants were women over 20 years old, 451 living in 3 cities and 436 living in 1 rural areas. Data collection was conducted from April 6 to August 30, 2004. Results: For lifestyle, the percentage of women having regular medical examinations, cholesterol tests, regular exercise, and high alcohol intake were significantly higher for urban women compared to the rural women. For health status, the percentage of women with health problems such as arthritic pain, urinary incontinence, pregnancy and postpartum complications, and the experience of violence were significantly higher for rural women compared to urban women. Rural women had significantly lower scores for health perception compared to urban women. For quality of life, rural women had significantly higher scores for quality of life, especially for the psychological wellbeing and stability subscales. Conclusion: The above findings indicate that it is necessary to develope a health promotion program which reinforces healthy lifestyle and health status for rural women, and quality of life, for urban women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.61-73
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• 2008

Purpose: Several health behavior factors affect the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Especially, obesity, which causes insulin resistance, is the most important determinant of diabetes. Therefore, we expect the risk factors associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are affected by obesity and, additionally, the related factors with diabetes caused by obesity can be controlled. Methods: This study used data collected from the 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A stratified multistage probability sampling method was applied and the final sample included 5,500 subjects over 30 years old who had completed necessary health examinations and health behaviors survey. Results: The risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes are affected by obesity. According to logistic regression model stratified by body mass index (BMI) and sex, abdominal obesity and age were the significant risk factors of diabetes regardless of sex and BMI. However, drinking, smoking, total energy consumption, and protein consumption were risk factors for women with normal BMI, while carbohydrate consumption was a risk factor for man with normal BMI. Sleeping hours affected diabetes for women with obesity and fiber consumption was a risk factor for both women and men with obesity. In addition, statistically the family history of diabetes was a significant risk factor only in the group with normal weight, not in the group with obesity. Conclusion: The study results will provide information for implementing a regional initiative of type 2 diabetes prevention by BMI.