• 대한간호
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• 제21권4호통권117호
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• pp.47-64
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• 1982

With an increase in the standard of living and longerity in our current society, human needs have increased. It is very important for the individual to practice preventive health to enable him to obtain a high. level of wellness. As defined by Kasl and Co

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.49-76
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of a computerized review program which was introduced in August 1, 2003, using claims data for acute respiratory infection related diseases. National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data on respiratory infection related diseases before and after the introduction, with six month intervals respectively, were used for the analysis. Clinic was the unit of observation, and clinics with only one physician whose specialty was internal medicine, pediatrics, otorhinolaryngology and family medicine and clinics with a general practitioner were selected. The final sample had 7,637 clinics in total. Indices used to measure practice pattern was prescription rates of antibiotics, prescription rates of injection drug per visit, treatment costs per claim, and total costs per claim. Changes in the number of claims for major disease categories and upcoding index for disease categories were used to measure claiming behavior. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis, t-test for indices changes before and after the introduction, analysis of variance (ANOVA) for practice pattern change for major disease categories, and multiple regression analysis to identify whether new system influenced on provider' practice patterns or not. Prescription of antibiotics, prescription rates of injection drug, treatment costs per claim, and total costs per claim decreased significantly. Results from multiple regression analysis showed that a computerized review system had effects on all the indices measuring behavior. Introduction of the new system had the spillover effects on the provider's behavior in the related disease categories in addition to the effects in the target diseases, but the magnitude of the effects were bigger among the target diseases. Rates of claims for computerized review over total claims for respiratory diseases significantly decreased after the introduction of a computerized review system and rates of claims for non target diseases increased, which was also statistically significant. Distribution of the number of claims by disease categories after the introduction of a computerized review system changed so as to increase the costs per claims. Analysis of upcoding index showed index for 'other acute lower respiratory infection (J20-22)', which was included in the review target, decreased and 'otitis media (H65, H66)', which was not included in the review target, increase. Factors affecting provider's practice patterns should be taken into consideration when policies on claims review method and behavior changes. It is critical to include strategies to decrease the variations among providers.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess health-related behavior of pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers by investigating relevant risk factors. Methods: Data of 10,396 women (age 19 to 49 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey report from 2007 to 2012 was used to analyze factors associated with health-related behavior. The subjects were divided into pregnant women; breastfeeding mothers; and non-pregnant women. Bottle feeding mothers were excluded. Results: Current smoking rate including self-reported smoker and/or positive cotinine urine test were lower for pregnant or breast-feeding group than non-pregnant group. Heavy-drinking was not different among groups while monthly drinking rate was higher in non-pregnant group. Rate of stress recognition was lower in pregnant and breast-feeding group than non-pregnant group. Rate of experience for depressive symptoms and rate of suicidal ideation were not different among groups. Conclusion: Pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers maintain a good pattern of health- related behavior compared to non-pregnant women. However, substantial proportion of pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers continue to drink and smoke. This shows the need for a plan that will modify health-related behavior.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2009

This study was aimed to assess the degree of addiction on computer games and find factors related to game addiction, health perception and health promoting behavior in elementary school students. A study subjects were 814 students in 5th and 6th grades at 4 elementary schools in a city and a county. The items in questionnaire was consisted of general characteristics, circumstances and habits related to utilization of computer and internet game playing, and degree of addiction, health perception and health promoting behavior. We analyzed data using chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. In multiple regression analysis, addictiveness on internet game was significantly related to type of computer utilization, frequency and duration of internet game playing, gender, after-school activities, grade points, economical status, and location of computer in a house. Health perception was significantly related to addiction points, gender, residential area, and grade points. And health promoting behavior was significantly related to addiction points, grade level, grade points, and health perception points. Since health promoting behaviors of children in elementary school are in the way of making, their degree of addiction to computer games can greatly influence their attitude towards health and their future life pattern as adults. Therefore an educational prevention program including counselling on game addiction should be devised. And researches will be needed for developing the Korean standard for measuring degree of addiction and a prevention program for peer group's game addiction.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1735-1741
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• 2011

The safety of station structures among railway infrastructures should be considered as a top priority because hundreds of thousands passengers a day take a subway. The station structures, which have been being operated since the 1970s, are especially vulnerable to the earthquake and long-term vibrations such as ambient train vibrations as well. This is why the structural-health monitoring system of station structures should be required. For these reason, Korean government has made an effort to develop the structural health-monitoring system of them, which can evaluate the health-state of station structures as well as can monitor the vulnerable structural members in real-time. Then, through the monitoring system, the vulnerable structural members could be retrofitted. For the development of health-state evaluation method for station structures with the real-time sensing data measured in the fields, authors carried out the numerical simulations to develop evaluation algorithms based on statistical pattern recognition techniques. In this study, the dynamic behavior of Chungmuro station in Seoul was numerically analyzed and then critical members were chosen. Damages were artificially simulated at the selected critical members of the numerical model. And, the supervised and unsupervised learning based pattern recognition algorithms were applied to quantify and localize the structural defects.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.721-727
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• 1997

This study investigated whether dietary factors are more influential factor than other health behavior such as drinking, smoking and exercise on abnormal serum cholesterol level inspite of Korean dietary pattern differences compared to Europeans and Americans. A double case control study model has been used for the study design. One model consisted of high blood cholesterol cases and control. the other model consisted of low blood cholesterol cased and controls. 5.398 sedentary male workers who had taken medical examinations at a university hospital were used as the study subjects. Out of the study subjects, 36individuals with high blood cholesterol cases and 30 individuals with low blood cholesterol cases were selected. For the 66 individual control selection, the individual control selection, the individuals matching method was adopted. The food frequency method was used to collect the data for assessment of the dietary factors. A standardized questionnaire was used to investigate other health behavior. logistic regression analysis was employed to measure the relative importance between the factors considered. There were no statistically significant differences observed in nutrients consumption or other health behavior among the low, normal and high blood cholesterol groups, An overmatching effect had been suspected as the cause of those findings. However, the results of logistic regression analysis to identify the factors influencing high serum cholesterol showed that odd ratios of dietary factors such as tocopherol(3.0) and saturated fatty acid(1.6) were higher than I. I of smoking and 1.2 of drinking. Similar results were also observed incases of low serum cholesterol. The above findings imply that although the dietary pattern is quite different from that of Europeans and America, the dietary factor is still a significant factor for abnormal blood cholesterol in Koreans. Therefore, the dietary risk factor identified in high fat consumption populations are still relevant for the relatively healthy Korean as guideline for preventive health practices. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 721∼727, 1997)

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2002

Findings from European and American studies have indicated such health behaviors as smoking, drinking, lack of exercise, and insufficient intake of grains, fruits and vegetables as risk factors for hypertension. However, because dietary pattern and health behaviors of Korean differ from people of other countries, the risk factors for Koreans could be different. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify food consumption patterns and health behavior characteristics of Korean hypertensive adults. Data on food consumptions and other health behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and exercise together with development of hypertension were collected from 597 persons aged 20 to 69 years in a local community. The first stage of analysis utilized cluster analysis to aggregate individuals into different health behavior and food consumption groups. Four health behavior groups were characterized by passive cluster, smoker cluster, fitness cluster and drinker cluster. Food consumption patterns of the subjects were also aggregated into 4 different clusters: dairy cluster, grain & vegetable cluster, fruit cluster, and fish & meat cluster. Then univariate analysis was followed to identify the variables associated with hypertension. The final stage of analysis was the identification of the relative importance of the variables selected from the univariate analysis on hypertension, using multiple logistic analysis. The results showed that heavy drinking was the most significant health behavior associated hypertension, which was similar to the findings in European and American studies. However, unlike the findings from foreign studies, grain and vegetable consumption appeared to be a risk factor for hypertension. A possible reason for the contradictory results between Korean and Western studies may be the dependence of Koreans on white rice as the major staple food, and/or the frequent consumption of salted vegetables, rather than fresh vegetables as is customary in Europe and America.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the sexual behavior and awareness of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among the elderly. Methods: Subjects were 599 elderly living in a metropolitan area who completed a structured questionnaire. Data collection was from September 6, 2011 to January 17, 2012. The data were analyzed by using percentage and ${\chi}^2$-test. Results: Approximately 25% of the subjects reported a sexual life. Age, gender, education, family type, presence and health of spouse, health state of the subject, past occupation, dwelling pattern, and economic state made statistically significant difference in sexual behavior. Fifty five percent of the respondents reported no knowledge of STD. Factors such as age, gender, education, presence of spouse, and past occupation were statistically significant in terms of awareness of STD. Conclusion: Age, education, and presence of spouse should be factored in to understand the sexuality of the elderly as well as to develop sexuality counseling programs that provide adequate information for each individual.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

Objectives: Several practice guidelines recommended both medication and behavior modification to control hypertension. The objective of this study was to analyze ambulatory care utilization pattern and related factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 45,267 new users who initiated treatment with hypertensive drugs in 2003. Korean National Health Insurance Claims Data was used to study the medical care utilization behavior and related factors after treatment initiation for up to four years. Taking prescription was considered as medical care utilization. Results: More than 20% of patients discontinued visiting physicians for prescription after initiating antihypertensive drug therapy. The average number of institutions visited by patients was about 1.3 annually. Clinic was the most frequently visited institution by patients. In GEE analysis, probability of continuous visit one institution after initiating antihypertensive drug treatment increased in patients who were women, old, have comorbidity, visited clinic or hospital mainly in previous year. Conclusions: Young hypertensive male patients who have no major comorbidity showed high possibility to discontinue medical service utilization. It is necessary to educate these targeted patients about importance of hypertension management in early stage after treatment initiation.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2010

Objectives: The aims of this study were to provide basic information on health behaviors of diabetics by age groups, compared to non-diabetics group. Methods: 2007 National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey Data were used to compare health behaviors between the diabetics group (191 diabetics who had been diagnosed by a doctor) and the non-diabetics group (382 general population) according to age groups. For the purpose of analysis, $x^2$-test (Fischer's exact test) and conditional logistic regression were used. Results: There were significant differences in health behaviors between the diabetics group and the non-diabetics group according to the history of health screening, BMI and alcohol consumption, and there were different pattern of health behaviors by age group. Conclusion: When developing and implementing health education and specific intervention programs for the correction of health behaviors among diabetics, one should consider age, age-adjusted health behavior patterns and priority.