• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.313-332
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• 2014

With the increased creation, distribution, and use of image in context of the development of digital technologies and internet, research endeavors have accumulated drastically. As two dominant aspects of image retrieval have been considered content-based and concept-based image retrieval, concept-based image retrieval has been focused in the field of Library and Information Science. This study aims to systematically review the accumulated research of image retrieval from the perspective of LIS field. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, two data sets were prepared: a total of 282 image retrieval research papers from Web of Science, and a total of 35 image retrieval research from DBpia in Kore for comparison. For data analysis, systematic review methodology was utilized with bibliographic analysis of individual research papers in the data sets. The findings of this study demonstrated that two sub-areas, image indexing and description and image needs and image behavior, were dominant. Among these sub-areas, the results indicated that there were emerging areas such as collective indexing, image retrieval in terms of multi-language and multi-culture environments, and affective indexing and use. For the user-centered image retrieval research, college and graduate students were found prominent user groups for research while specific user groups such as medical/health related users, artists, and museum users were found considerably. With the comparison with the distribution of sub-areas of image retrieval research in Korea, considerable similarities were found. The findings of this study expect to guide research directions and agenda for future.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.228-236
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• 2017

Purpose: Enolase is a cytoplasmic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the glycolytic pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the overexpression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) can serve as a prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Materials and Methods: To assess its prognostic value in GC, NSE expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in a clinically annotated tissue microarray comprising of 327 human GC specimens. Cytoplasmic NSE expression was scored from 0 to 4, reflecting the percentage of NSE-positive cells. Results: In terms of histology as per the World Health Organization criteria (P=0.34), there were no differences between the NSE overexpression (NSE-OE) and NSE underexpression (NSE-UE) groups. The NSE-OE group showed a significantly lower rate of advanced GC (P<0.01), lymph node metastasis (P=0.01), advanced stage group (P<0.01), cancer-related death (P<0.01), and cancer recurrence (P<0.01). Additionally, a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the NSE-OE group had longer cumulative survival times than the NSE-UE group (log-rank test, P<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the serum levels of NSE expression in patients with GC and healthy volunteers (P=0.28). Conclusions: Patients with NSE overexpressing GC tissues showed better prognostic results, implying that NSE could be a candidate biomarker of GC.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1188-1194
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• 2017

Gochujang, a traditional Korean food, is fermented by mixing red pepper powder, various grain, meju and salt. Changes in the kind of ingredients and fermentation method could increase health functionalities. In this study, in vivo anti-colitis effects of gochujang prepared with mixed grains, bamboo salt baked 3 times and meju starters on DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice were studied. We prepared gochujang prepared with mixed grains (MG), bamboo salt, and Aspergillus oryzae (A) and Baccillus subtilis (B) mixed starters (MG-AB) and gochujang prepared with MG, bamboo salt and A, B and Lactobacillus plantarum (L) mixed starters (MG-ABL). MG-AB and MG-ABL significantly increased body weight and colon length compared to the control (p<0.05). MG-ABL showed significantly decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in serum compared to the control and MG-AB group (p<0.05). MG-ABL also regulated mRNA and protein levels of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the mice colon tissue (p<0.05). Therefore, MG-ABL exhibited the increased anticolitis effects by inhibiting damage of colon tissue, probably by regulating a pro-inflammatory cytokine of IL-6 and regulated apoptosis related genes. These results indicated that gochujang changed with good ingredients and starters had colitis preventive effects and might be due to active compounds in mixed grain and bamboo salt, and produced by L during the fermentation of gochujang.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.794-805
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• 2017

Purpose: Interface pressure is a factor that contributes to the occurrence of pressure injuries. This study aimed to investigate interface pressure at common sites of pressure injury (occipital, gluteal and peritrochanteric areas), to explore the relationships among risk factors, skin condition and interface pressure, and to identify risk factors influencing interface pressure. Methods: A total of 100 patients admitted to the intensive care unit were enrolled at a tertiary teaching hospital in Korea. Interface pressure was recorded by a scanning aid device (PalmQ). Patient data regarding age, pulmonary disease, Braden Scale score, body mass index, serum albumin, hemoglobin, mean blood pressure, body temperature, and oxygen saturation were included as risk factors. Data collected from July to September 2016 were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results: The mean interface pressure of the occipital, gluteal, and right and left peritrochanteric areas were 37.96 (${\pm}14.90$), 41.15 (${\pm}16.04$), 53.44(${\pm}24.67$), and 54.33 (${\pm}22.80$) mmHg, respectively. Predictive factors for pressure injuries in the occipital area were age ${\geq}70$ years (OR 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19~9.98), serum albumin deficit (OR 2.88, 95% CI: 1.00~8.26) and body temperature ${\geq}36.5^{\circ}C$ (OR 3.12, 95% CI: 1.17~8.17); age ${\geq}70$ years (OR 2.81, 95% CI: 1.10~7.15) in the right peritrochanteric area; and body temperature ${\geq}36.5^{\circ}C$ (OR 2.86, 95% CI: 1.17~6.98) in the left peritrochanteric area. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that old age, hypoalbuminemia, and high body temperature may be contributory factors to increasing interface pressure; therefore, careful assessment and nursing care of these patients are needed to prevent pressure injury. Further studies are needed to establish cutoff values of interface pressure for patients with pressure ulcers.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.405-412
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• 2009

The purpose of this study investigated the effect of Au coating on adhesion between porcelain matrix and metal substructure interface. Titanium, Ni-Cr alloy and Co-Cr alloy are well known as proper metal for the dental restorations. The success of a porcelain fused to metal (PFM) restoration depends upon the quality of the porcelain-metal bond. However, adhesion between dental alloys and porcelain is related to diffusion of oxygen during ceramic firing. The excessive oxidized layers make hard adhesion between dental alloy and ceramic. Ni-Cr and Co-Cr specimens were divided into test and a control group and Titanium specimens were divided into three test groups and a control group. Each group had 20 specimens. The adhesion characteristics of porcelain and metal with Au coating layer and without Au coating layer were observed with scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The adhesion was evaluated by a biaxial flexure test and volume fraction of adherent porcelain was determined by SEM/EDS analysis. Result of this study suggest that Au coating layer is effective barrier to diffuse oxide layer completely protect non-precious alloys from oxidation during the porcelain firing. The SEM photomicrographs of cross-section specimens showed a smooth interface between Au coating layer and metals and porcelain which suggested proper chemical bonding, and no gap, porosity were observed. The mode of failure was mainly adhesive for Ti tested specimens, but mixed failures with adhesive and cohesive were observed in Ni-Cr and Co-Cr specimens. The adhesion between non-precious metals and porcelain would not be improved by Au coating agent. However, It is suggested that the continuous study is required further investigation and development.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.9-19
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference in suicide rates between regions and to determine the effect of social workers on the regional suicide rate. The main analysis results are as follows. First, the suicide rates in metropolitan cities were lower than was lower than in other regions, and cities and districts were lower than those in the county area. Second, suicide rates were high in areas with many cultural and social welfare facilities per population. Suicide rates were high in low mental health facilities and low social welfare budgets. The suicide rate in rural areas was high. Third, suicide rates were high in areas with low economic requirements, areas with a high proportion of the elderly, divorce rates, and areas with a small number of social security recipients and living alone. In other words, the suicide rate in rural areas was high. Finally, social workers did not affect the difference in local suicide rates. Local social services and budgets have no real impact on suicide rates. In the future, it is necessary to improve the quality and quantity of community welfare practices that can lower community suicide rates.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 1998

Objectives : 'First-night effect' has been a well-known concept since 1960's. It is important because it is one of the major factors to be considered in assessing the reliability of polysomnographic data. However, 'reverse first-night effect' has also been described, resulting in the inconsistency of conceptualization. We attempted to investigate on the first-night effect in adults by having each of them take two nights of polysomnography in a controlled environment. Young healthy adult volunteers were chosen as subjects in order to rule out age- or health-related confounders. Methods : Polysomnography was performed on eight male medical students (mean $age=23.5\;{\pm}\;0.9$) for two nights with Grass model 78 polysomnograph. We scored manually under the standard protocol each epoch of the sleep records. Sleep variables were obtained and compared between the two nights. Results : Sleep period time(SPT) and total sleep time(TST) of the third fraction of night were significantly longer on the first night than on the second night (p<0.05). However, other sleep variables such as percentage of each sleep stage, sleep latency, REM sleep latency, number of waking, and sleep efficiency were not different between the two nights. Conclusion : We could not confirm the existence of first-night effect in this study. In healthy young male adults, it may not happen at all or may happen to a very negligible degree. Young healthy adults may have more adaptability to a new sleep environment. Also, the provision of a reasonably comfortable sleep environment could have helped them with abolition of first-night effect.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.468-474
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare bacterial diversity on the removable partial denture (RPD) framework over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This descriptive pilot study included five women who were rehabilitated with free-end mandibular RPD. The biofilm on T-bar clasps were collected 1 week ($t_1$) and 4 months ($t_2$) after the RPD was inserted ($t_0$). Bacterial 16S rDNA was extracted and PCR amplified. Amplicons were cloned; clones were submitted to cycle sequencing, and sequences were compared with GenBank (98% similarity). RESULTS. A total of 180 sequences with more than 499 bp were obtained. Two phylogenetic trees with 84 ($t_1$) and 96 ($t_2$) clones represented the bacteria biofilm at the RPD. About 93% of the obtained phylotypes fell into 25 known species for $t_1$ and 17 for $t_2$, which were grouped in 5 phyla: Firmicutes ($t_1=82%$; $t_2=60%$), Actinobacteria ($t_1=5%$; $t_2=10%$), Bacteroidetes ($t_1=2%$; $t_2=6%$), Proteobacteria ($t_1=10%$; $t_2=15%$) and Fusobacteria ($t_1=1%$; $t_2=8%$). The libraries also include 3 novel phylotypes for $t_1$ and 11 for $t_2$. Library $t_2$ differs from $t_1$ (P=.004); $t_1$ is a subset of the $t_2$ (P=.052). Periodontal pathogens, such as F. nucleatum, were more prevalent in $t_2$. CONCLUSION. The biofilm composition of the RPD metal clasps changed along time after RPD wearing. The RPD framework may act as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic bacteria and the RPD wearers may benefit from regular follow-up visits and strategies on prosthesis-related oral health instructions.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.264-279
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• 2013

This study aimed to analyze the differences between the types of disputes in food service franchises and the relevant corporate information. For this aim, the types of disputes were analyzed on the basis of the cases reported by the Korea Fair Trade Commission, and whether there are any differences from the relevant corporate information was analyzed using SPSS WIN(V.17.0). According to analysis results, the most often seen types of disputes were failure to provide the information disclosure sheet (58.5%) and failure to deposit franchising fee (15.1%). In Kruskal-Wallis test between the type of disputes and related corporate information variables, significant difference was found under significance level p<.05 for sales volume, the establishment period and the number of franchisees, and under p<.1 for the number of full-time employees. In correlation coefficient, the establishment period, the number of full-time employees and the number of franchisees showed positive correlation(p<.05), and the number of full-time employees showed correlation in the number of franchisees and the number of brands under the significance level p<.05. As a solution for the dispute, there should be franchisors' responsibility to comply with the principle of good faith, the authorities' strengthening exemplary transaction criteria and legal systems, as well as experts' consulting for prospective franchisees prior to establishing business.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1505-1510
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• 2007

We found 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in adipocyte fatty acid bonding protein (FABP4) gene as candidate gene of FAT1 locus on pig chromosome 4. With over 800 heads of major commercial pig breeds including Duroc, Landrace, Berkshire and Yorkshire, we analyzed SNPs of FABP4 gene to determine possible effects of FABP4 genotype to economically important traits. $400{\sim}800\;bp$ amplicons in FABP4 gene were used PCR-RFLP for each SNPs and we found that the frequency of some SNPs of this gene was different among the breeds. According to the statistical analyses to determine possible associations of each genotype with economic traits, it was found that subgroup with different genotypes showed significant differences in daily gain, backfat thickness, lean percentage and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Thus, as a Part of enhancing the selection competence related to swine growth rate and lean percentage, it is expected that FABP4 gene markers verified in this study will be useful to use for Korean commercial pig industry.