• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2017

Linum usitatissimum L. (flaxseed) is emerging as an important functional food ingredient because of its rich contents, namely, ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (ALA, omega-3 fatty acid), lignans, and fiber, which are potentially beneficial for human health. Furthermore, flax or flaxseed oil has also been incorporated as a functional food ingredient into various foods such as milk, dairy products, and meat products. Flaxseed is known to possess antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo, but its growth-stimulating effect on lactic acid bacteria is not clear. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine whether crude flaxseed extract stimulated the growth kefir-isolated lactic acid bacteria in vitro. The result of this study showed that Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens DN1, Lactobacillus brevis KCTC3102, Lactobacillus bulgaricus KCTC3635, and Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3105 treated with $100{\mu}L$ of crude flaxseed extract showed significantly higher growth than the control treated with $100{\mu}L$ of water (p<0.05). Based on the results of this study, crude flaxseed extract could be used as a growth stimulator for lactic acid bacteria in various food applications, including production of milk and dairy products.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.348-357
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• 2006

Nano is a unit that designates a billionth; accordingly nanotechnology could be described as the study and applications of the unique characteristics and phenomena of nanometer size materials. Applications of nanotechnology fall into two categories (one is top-down and the other is bottom-up). Currently, most products are the results of the top-down approach. Nanofoods have distinct functional characteristics stemming from the size, mass, chemical combinations, electrolytic features, magnetic properties of food sources at the nano level and which can be applied for safe absorption and delivery into the body. The greatest advantage of nanofood is that it permits the efficient use of small quantities of nutritional elements by increasing digestive absorption ability and by delivering natural elements without any change in their original characteristics. On the other hand, there are still unsolved problems, such as questions about safety and introduction of harmful material. The demand for new commercial food products is increasing, and commercial food producers are gradually combining nanotechnology and traditional food preparation methods. Nanofoods will improve our eating habits remarkably in the future. Tomorrow we will design nanofoods by shaping molecules and atoms. It will have a big impact on the food and food-processing industries. The future belongs to new products and new processes with the goals of customizing and personalizing consumer products. Nanotechnology is expected to be applied to not only foods themselves, but also to food packaging, production, safety, processing and storage. Also, it is believed that nanotechnology will be applied tracking finished products back to production facilities and even to specific processing equipment in those facilities. The aim of this study is the introduction of technology, applications, products, markets, R&D, and perspectives of nanofoods in the food industry.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2017

Objectives : The use of health functional foods is gradually increasing. On the other hand, the use of the Korean herbal medicine is gradually decreasing. Especially children are known to have a high percentage of taking a health functional food. This study was designed to compare the use of health functional food with the reason for taking the Korean herbal medicine. Methods : The participants were 453 parents who have kids age between 3 to 6 years old from day care center in Wonju and Chungju. The questionnaire consisted of 17 questions and the survey was conducted by self-entry method. This study analyzed 374 participants' questionnaires who agreed to the survey. Results : The percentages of children's health functional food intake experience were 82.9% and they usually bought products which contain lactic acid bacteria(55.6%). The reason for consuming health functional food was to strengthen the immune system and enhance the physical strength. Most of the participants purchased health functional food from pharmacy through inaccurate information such as the internet. The percentages of children's health functional food preference were 58.5% because it is easy to take. The percentages of children's herbal medicine preference were 41.7%. There are inconveniences of taking herbal medicine because of taste and smell(68.8%). Conclusions : Therefore, it is necessary to change the formulation of the herbal medicine and increase convenience for use of the herbal medicine to preschooler(3-6 years old). In additionary, it is necessary to supply accurate and up to date information of herbal medicine taking.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to get the basic information from patients how much they understood about their medication and also to know whether patients are making reasonable drug choice between Health Functional Foods and Herbal medicine. Methods 500 questionnaires were handed out to the parents of students in two elementary schools located in OO, Junlabukdo province. 421 questionnaires were completed to be evaluated. Results Among 421 subjects, 53.0% were female, and 47.0% were male. The percentages of the subjects consuming Health Functional Foods and herbal medicine were67.7% and 67.8%, respectively. Among those people who consumed Health Functional Food, 44.1% were using nutritional supplements, red ginseng or ginseng products (26.9%), chlorella products (11.5%), and plum extract products (7.7%). As for the reason to consume Health Functional Foods were varied, but 'in order to be healthy, although currently displaying no illness.'(43.0%) were the most responses among the given choices. On the other hand, the reason for consuming herbal medicine was 'In order to grow taller'(26.1%), 'In order to cure weak physical state frequently displaying common illnesses',(25.9%), and 'In order to cure diseases.'(23.3%). For the questions about effectiveness after consumption,the 69.9% subjects said that it seemed to be effected, and that % was slightly higher than that of subjects with consuming Health Functional Foods(64.4%). For question concerning preferences between Health Functional Foods and herbal medicine, 57.5% chose herbal medicine, and this percentage was higher than that of Health Functional Foods(42.5%).As for the reasons of additional consumption of the Health Functional Foods, subject answered as 'Easy to consume.'(41,6%), which was the most common among the subjects consuming Health Functional Foods. On other hand, the subjects of herbal medicine answered as that herbal medicine is 'more effective'(45.7%), and 'more trustworthy in preventing side-effects.'(40.3%). After consumption of the herbal medication, only 3.9% of the subjects consuming either Health Functional Foods or herbal medicine had side-effects. The most common side-effects were 'dermal reaction' which is normally caused by Health Functional Foods and 'indigestion' problems caused by herbal consumption. Conclusions According to the 421 subjects those involved in study, the percentages of consuming Health Functional Foods(67.7%) and herbal medicine(67.8%) were similar. The most commonly consumed products were a type of Health Functional Foods which were the nutrition-supplying products. Ginseng or red ginseng products were the next commonly used products. Health Functional Foods were commonly consumed for preventing illness and maintaining health rather than any other purpose. In contrary, herbal medicines were more commonly consumed for purposes such as for growth or treating certain type of disease. As a result of consumption, more than half of both subject replied as 'satisfied'. As for the side effects, dermal reaction was the most common problem for those with consuming Health Functional Foods, while indigestion was the most common side effect from the subjects with consuming herbal medicine.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.150-159
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• 2010

We surveyed 848 university students, $21.4{\pm}2.5$ years of age, attending university in Seoul, Kongju, Chongyang-Gun in the Chungnam province of Korea, for their use of health functional foods (HFF) and for significant variables in this use, namely demographic characteristics, health related variables, dietary variables and nutritional beliefs. The prevalence of the use of HFF was 33.6%. Among all types of HFF, nutritional supplements were taken most frequently, followed by (in order) red ginseng products, apricot extract products and ginseng products. HFF use was higher in females (p<.05), in subjects living in a dormitory (p<.05) and those from families with a relative high socioeconomic status (p<.001). Self-health concern (p<.05) and usage ratio of HFF by family (p<.001) was higher in users than in nonusers of HFF. The total score of dietary assessment was higher in users than in nonusers of HFF (p<.001), and users had a more positive point of view concerning the potential health benefits of HFF than did nonusers (p<.001). Most users took HFF when they were healthy (37.2%) or when they were sick (27.4%). They did not feel special effects through the HFF use (49.8%). Most users got the information about the specifics of HFF from family and/or relatives (55.8%). Most of users confirmed nutrition facts when they purchased the HFF (70.9%), but a considerable number of users could not understand these nutrition facts (48.1%). Users preferred vitamin C- and Ca-supplements most among vitamin mineral supplements belonged to HFF. These results show that the use of HFF is common among university students. As well, the use of HFF by students is affected by various variables. Supplementary nutritional education should be undertaken among university students, in order to give them a reasonable guideline for the use of HFF, based upon influencing factors and usage behaviors that we learned from this survey.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.410-417
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• 2010

건강효과나 보건효과를 표방한 다양한 건강기능식품이 시장에 유통되고 있다 이들 제품은 분명한 식품형태의 것으로부터 정체, 캡슐 상 까지여서 의약품과 오인 혼동될 우려가 높으며 전문적 지식이 없는 사람이 통상의 식품으로서 판매하고 있는 일이 많고 건강기능식품용 질병의 치료 목적으로 사용하는 경우도 적지 않다. 건강기능식품제도의 창설이나 법적 규제에 의해 혼란스런 건강기능식품의 상황을 개선하기 위한 노력이 계속되어 왔지만 아직 소비자에게는 제대로 전달되지 않고 있다. 따라서 건강기능식품이 질병의 치료에 이용되는 문제나 위법으로 의약품성분을 첨가한 제품이 유통되는 문제는 끊이지 않고 있고 이러한 문제는 인터넷 등의 정보 전달수단의 발달에 따라 더욱 확대되고 있다. 건강기능식품의 문제는 제품자체의 문제와 이용방법의 문제로 크게 나눌 수 있지만 어느 쪽이나 적절한 정보를 소비자에게 전달해서 그 실태가 틀림없이 인식되어야만 어느 정도 개선 헬 수 있다고 생각된다. 건강가능식품과 관련되어 야기 될 수 있는 문제들은 위법제품, 유해물질 혼입, 알레르기 병자에 대한 투여시 고려되어야 할 사항, 의약품과의 상호작용, 성분표시가 있어도 그 순도와 함량이 극히 애매해 검출되지 않을 수도 있는 문제, 대사활성화가 일어나는 제품, Alkaloid가 함유된 경우 및 비타민 미네랄의 과잉섭취와 부족에 의한 건강피해 리스크 등 많은 경우가 있다. 건강기능식품과 관련한 부작용 사례가 해마다 증가하고 있는 이유는 불량 건강기능식품 업체가 그 효과와 효능을 과장해서 선전하는 것도 중요한 부분을 차지하며 실제로 허위 과대 광고로 인해 적발된 사례가 연평균 821건에 달한다. 식품의약품안전청은 홈페이지를 통해 건강기능식품 문제의 개선과 홍보를 위해 정보를 제공하고 있지만 건강기능 식품의 적정사용과 의약품 건강기능식품 간 상호작용을 피하기 위해서는 개선의 여지가 있다. 건강기능식품문제의 개선을 위해서는 승인된 제품에 대한 정보 부작용 수집의 제도화 및 재평가 제도의 정착, 인체적용 전 시험과 인체적용 시험조건에 대한 표준화가 시급하다. 또한 적절한 정보제공 활동을 위해서는 건강기능식품 의약품 등 이종 데이터간의 유기적 연동을 위한 통합 DB시스템 및 사용자가 데이터를 편리하게 검색할 수 있는 사용자 인터페이스도 요망된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2017

서울시 유통 건강기능식품 중 츄어블제품 66건과 인삼홍삼제품 60건을 수거하여 분석하였다. 시료 전체의 1일 섭취량당 당함량 평균은 1.95 g이었고 범위는 N.D. ~ 12.61 g 이었다. 제품 유형별로는 츄어블 제품의 평균은 1.26 g 이었고 범위는 N.D. ~ 10.39 g이었다. 인삼홍삼제품의 평균은 2.70 g이었고 범위는 N.D. ~ 12.61 g이었다. 츄어블제품중 1일 섭취량당 당함량은 어린이용 제품이 평균 2.10 g으로 가장 높았고 영양소제품은 평균 1.43 g, 기능성원료 제품은 평균 0.35 g이였다. 어린이용 제품은 1일 섭취량당 당함량이 1.03 g ~ 5.33 g, 영양소 제품은 N.D. ~ 10.39 g, 기능성원료 제품은 N.D. ~ 2.61 g의 범위를 보였다. 인삼홍삼제품중 1일 섭취량 당 당함량은 액상 제품이 평균 4.25 g으로 가장 높았고 농축액 제품은 평균 1.51 g, 분말제품은 평균 1.49 g이었다. 액상 제품의 1일 섭취량당 당함량의 범위는 N.D. ~ 10.80 g, 농축액 제품의 범위는 N.D. ~ 12.61 g, 분말제품의 범위는 0.06 g ~ 5.64 g의 분포를 보였다. 인공감미료를 분석한 결과 3건에서 인공감미료가 검출되었다. 인삼홍삼제품에서는 인공감미료가 검출되지 않았으며 츄어블제품 중 영양소 제품 2건과 기능성원료 제품 1건에서 검출되었다. 검출된 인공감미료는 아스파탐으로 영양소 제품에서 3.09 g/kg, 기능성원료 제품에서 1.09 g/kg 검출되었고 3건 모두 허용량 이내였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1070-1080
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• 2002

This study was designed to obtain the information concerning food intake, dietary habits, functional status, health condition and cognitive status of the elderly using public health center in Ulsan area. The subjects of this study consisted 154 elderly persons aged 60~82 years. Interviews were conducted using the health habits and food frequency questionnaires to provide basic information for nutrition education program. We evaluated the current food intake, dietary cholesterol intake (cholesterol index), functional status, cognitive function and blood analysis of the subjects. The results of this study were as follows : Mean age of the subjects was 68.7 $\pm$ 6.7years. The average cognitive status score of the subjects was 7.9 $\pm$ 2.0 (full score was 10.0). Male had a higher cognitive status score than female. There was significant difference between cognitive status score and age, education level, pocket money, physical activity and living condition. The subjects who had a higher cognitive status score ate more fish and meats group and milk and milk products than the subjects had a lower cognitive status score. And hemoglobin level, serum triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index affected to cognitive status while fasting blood glucose and LDL-cholesterol did not any effect on cognitive status. These results have demonstrated that various socioeconomic variables and food intake pattern and nutritional status affect on cognitive status with aging and suggest that proper nutrition education and adequate nutrient intake in quality and quantity are essential in maintaining cognitive status in later life.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1172-1181
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• 2007

본 연구는 전북지역 학교 영양사 226명을 대상으로 건강기능식품 섭취실태 및 인식도를 알아보고자 설문조사를 실시하였으며 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 조사대상자의 일반적 특징은 여자가 98.7%였고, 연령은 30${\sim}$39세가 73.5%로 가장 많았다. 학력은 대졸이 82.7%로 가장 많았으며, 결혼은 기혼이 78.8%를 차지하였다. 현재 자신의 건강상태 인지는 ‘보통이다’가 53.5%, ‘건강한 편이다’ 34.1% 순으로 나타났다. 건강기능식품에 관한 법률 제정 및 시행 사실을 69.0%가 모르고 있다고 응답하였고, 식품과 질병과의 관계 인지도는 ‘매우 관계가 있다’가 68.6%, ‘어느 정도 관계가 있다’가 31.4%로 조사되어 식품과 질병이 밀접한 관계가 있다고 인지하고 있었다. 건강기능식품 제조${\cdot}$판매 회사의 홍보나 광고에 대해 93.8%가 '허위 과대 선전이 많은 것 같다’고 응답하였고, 유통구조에 대해서도 60%가 '잘 되어있지 않다’고 응답하여 건강기능식품 제조회사에 대한 신뢰도가 낮게 나타났다. 건강기능식품의 효율적 관리를 위한 국가에서 관심을 가져야 할 분야는 안전성 제고 및 효능 검증이 79.6%로 가장 많이 나타났다. 건강에 영향을 주는 요인은 식습관(3.9)>스트레스 해소(3.73)>규칙적인 생활(3.7)>휴식 및 수면(3.66)>운동(3.62) 순으로 조사되었다. 반면 건강기능식품(2.07)은 가장 낮은 점수를 보여 건강에 미치는 영향이 적다고 인지하고 있었다. 건강기능식품의 섭취실태는 61.9%가 섭취한 경험이 있었고, 섭취종류는 영양보충용제품(57.9%)>홍삼제품(52.9%)>클로렐라제품(30.0%) 순으로 섭취하였다. 건강기능식품 섭취이유는 피로회복(25.7%)>질병의 예방(22.9%)>영양보충(22.1)>주변의 권유(11.4%) 순이었다. 구입방법은 방문판매원을 통해서가 40%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 평균구입비용은 26만원 이상이 25.7%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 제품 표시 설명서 이해정도는 42.1%가 이해하지 못하는 것으로 조사되었고, 섭취 후 효과는 ‘그저 그러함’이 65.7%로 가장 높게 조사되었고 22.1%만이 재구매 의사가 있었다. 건강기능식품을 섭취하지 않는 이유는 ‘효능을 믿을 수가 없어서’가 68.6%로 가장 높게 조사되었으며 건강기능식품의 부정적인 견해는 ‘비싸게 판매’ 34.3%, ‘과대선전으로 소비자를 속인다’와 ‘안정성에 대한 보장이나 정보가 부족하다’가 각각 27.9%로 나타나 건강기능식품에 대한 부정적인 생각을 가지고 있었다. 건강기능식품 구입 시 고려요인은 부작용(4.72)>복용 후 효과(4.59)>청결도(4.51)>회사신뢰도(4.29) 순으로 나타나 부작용과 복용 후 효과에 대해 중요하게 생각하는 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과를 통해서 건강기능식품에 대한 관심과 섭취의 기회가 증대되고 있는 가운데 식품영양학 분야에 전문가인 영양사조차도 건강기능식품에 대해 건강기능식품에 관한 법률제정 및 시행사실 인식부족 및 건강기능식품의 정확한 인식 및 정보가 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 영양사의 직무를 올바르게 수행하기 위해서는 다음과 같이 제언하고자 한다. 첫째, 건강기능식품의 정확한 이해가 필요하고 건강기능식품 원료 및 성분에 대한 정확한 분석능력과 그 성분이 인체에 미치는 효능에 관한 최신 연구들의 정확한 정보 확보와 적용이 필요하며 둘째, 건강기능식품은 건강상태 유지 및 질병의 발생 위험을 감소시키는데 기여하므로 식사의 일부로 간주하여 교육을 실시해야하고 셋째, 차후 학교에서 영양상담실을 설치하여 운영할 경우 학생, 일반교사 및 학부모 대상으로 교육을 할 경우 건강기능식품은 질병의 치료 목적으로 사용되는 것이 아님을 주지시키고 전달해야하며 넷째, 건강기능식품에 대한 올바른 인식을 가지고 선택할 수 있도록 교육하기 위해 정보교류 활성화 및 보수교육 등을 통해 영양사의 전문성을 신장하기 위한 많은 노력과 준비가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2019

Seeds and leaves of Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (radish) are known to contain "raphanin," which has the potential to inhibit pathogenesis associated with foodborne pathogenic bacteria and fungi. In this study, ethanol extracts from R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus (radish) powder was evaluated for antimicrobial action against 6 different foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The current study demonstrated the potential of R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus (radish) in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella enteritidis 110, Cronobacter sakazakii KCTC 2949, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. However, these antimicrobial action were not observed against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 51776 and Escherichia coli 23716. Hence, this study indicates that R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus (radish) could be used as a natural biopreservative with antimicrobial effects for improving food safety, and as a functional food in the commercial food industry.