• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2017

Objective: Infection is very common in the elderly, so there is a high prevalence of antibiotics use among this population. Especially, due to the emergence of resistant bacteria, the use of vancomycin is growing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in elderly patients. Methods: The subjects of this study were patients over 18 years old who received intravenous vancomycin in a general hospital located in Gangneung-si, Korea between August 1, 2013 and July 31, 2015. Data collection regarding vancomycin use and baseline characteristics was conducted using computerized hospital database. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Results: A total of 290 patients were finally included, and 191(66%) out of these patients were age 65 or older. The incidence of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity was 11.0%, 12.6%, and 7.0% in the all adult patients, the elderly patients, and the non-elderly patients, respectively. There were significant differences in comorbidities between patients with nephrotoxicity and patients without nephrotoxicity in the all adult patients, and there were significant differences in vancomycin duration, comorbidities, and number of nephrotoxic agents between patients with nephrotoxicity and patients without nephrotoxicity in the elderly patients. However, according to the logistic regression analysis, there was no significant risk factor that increases the incidence of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in all three age groups. Conclusion: There were no differences in risk factors that increase the incidence of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity between all adult patients, elderly patients, and non-elderly patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes to identify risk factors associated with vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in the elderly to improve the outcome of pharmacotherapy are required.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2001년도 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회 발표자료집
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

1. About fifty thousand of cattle embryos were transferred and 16000 ET-calves were born in 1999. Eighty percents of embryos were collected from Japanese Black beef donors and transferred to dairy Holstein heifers and cows. Since 1985, we have achieved in bovine in vitro fertilization using immature oocytes collected from ovaries of slaughterhouse. Now over 8000 embryos fertilized by Japanese Black bull, as Kitaguni 7~8 or Mitsufuku, famousbulls as high marbling score of progeny tests were sold to dairy farmers and transferred to their dairy cattle every year. 2. Embryo splitting for identical twins is demonstrated an useful tool to supply a bull for semen collection and a steer for beef performance test. According to the data of Dr. Hashiyada(2001), 296 pairs of split-half embryos were transferred to recipients and 98 gave births of 112 calves (23 pairs of identical twins and 66 singletons). 3. A blastomere-nuclear-transferred cloned calf was born in 1990 by a joint research with Drs. Tsunoda, National Institute of Animal Industry (NIAI) and Ushijima, Chiba Prefectural Farm Animal Center. The fruits of this technology were applied to the production of a calf from a cell of long-term-cultured inner cell mass (1988, Itoh et al, ZEN-NOH Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock) and a cloned calf from three-successive-cloning (1997, Tsunoda et al.). According to the survey of MAFF of Japan, over 500 calves were born until this year and a glaf of them were already brought to the market for beef. 4. After the report of "Dolly", in February 1997, the first somatic cell clone female calves were born in July 1998 as the fruits of the joint research organized by Dr. Tsunoda in Kinki University (Kato et al, 2000). The male calves were born in August and September 1998 by the collaboration with NIAI and Kagoshima Prefecture. Then 244 calves, four pigs and a kid of goat were now born in 36 institutes of Japan. 5. Somatic cell cloning in farm animal production will bring us as effective reproductive method of elite-dairy- cows, super-cows and excellent bulls. The effect of making copy farm animal is also related to the reservation of genetic resources and re-creation of a male bull from a castrated steer of excellent marbling beef. Cloning of genetically modified animals is most promising to making pig organs transplant to people and providing protein drugs in milk of pig, goat and cattle. 6. Farm animal cloning is one of the most dreamful technologies of 21th century. It is necessary to develop this technology more efficient and stable as realistic technology of the farm animal production. We are making researches related to the best condition of donor cells for high productivity of cloning, genetic analysis of cloned animals, growth and performance abilities of clone cattle and pathological and genetical analysis of high rates of abortion and stillbirth of clone calves (about 30% of periparutum mortality). 7. It is requested in the report of Ministry of Health, labor and Welfare to make clear that carbon-copy cattle(somatic cell clone cattle) are safe and heathy for a commercial market since the somatic cell cloning is a completely new technology. Fattened beef steers (well-proved normal growth) and milking cows(shown a good fertility) are now provided for the assessment of food safety.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.579-591
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• 2017

회복지향질병관리(Illness Management and Recovery: IMR) 프로그램은 정신과 환자의 질병에 대한 자가 관리 및 회복을 촉진하기 위해 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 한국판 IMR 프로그램이 입원한 만성 중증정신과 환자의 회복, 정신질환 지식, 희망에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 연구 대상자는 조현병, 양극성장애, 조현형정동장애로 진단 받은 사람들로 실험군(51명)은 IMR 프로그램에 참여하였으며, 대조군(41명)은 기존의 치료를 유지하였다. 자료 수집은 2015년 5월부터 2016년 12월까지 이루어졌다. 정신건강회복척도, 정신장애 지식척도, 한국판 희망척도를 사전과 중재 이후에 실시하였다. 연구결과 IMR 프로그램에 참여한 사람들이 기존 치료를 유지한 대조군에 비해 자신의 회복 추구와 정신장애에 대한 지식이 향상하였다. 그러나 두 그룹 모두 희망에 대한 변화는 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구는 한국에서 처음 시행된 IMR 프로그램의 효과성 연구이다. 본 연구 결과는 한국판 IMR 프로그램이 우리나라 정신보건 임상에서 만성 정신과 환자의 회복을 촉진시키는 효과적인 중재로 활용될 가능성을 지지한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.290-299
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• 2018

본 연구는 콜센터 상담원의 감정노동과 직무스트레스가 우울수준에 미치는 영향관계에서 자기효능감 및 조직몰입의 매개효과를 경로분석을 통해 규명하고자 실시하였다. 조사대상은 D도시 4개의 콜센터에서 종사하고 있는 상담원 486명으로 하였다. 자료 수집은 2017년 1월 5일부터 1월 25일까지의 기간 동안에 구조화된 무기명 자기기입식 설문지를 사용하여 설문조사하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상 상담원의 우울수준은 감정노동과 직무스트레스가 높은 군에서 유의하게 높게 나타났고, 자기효능감과 조직몰입이 낮은 군에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 변수 간의 상관관계는 우울수준과 감정노동, 직무스트레스는 양의 상관관계를 보인 반면, 자기효능감과 조직몰입과는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 경로모형 분석결과, 우울수준에 감정노동과 직무스트레스는 긍정적인 영향을 주었고, 자기효능감과 조직몰입은 부정적인 영향을 주었다. 또한 자기효능감과 조직몰입은 감정노동과 우울수준을 낮추는 매개효과가 있었고, 조직몰입은 직무스트레스와 우울수준을 낮추는 매개효과가 있었다. 따라서 콜센터 상담원의 우울수준을 낮추기 위해서는 감정노동과 직무스트레스 요인을 낮추고, 자기효능감과 조직몰입을 높이기 위한 정신건강 중재안이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.530-539
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 병원에서 근무하고 있는 신규간호사와 경력간호사의 극복력, 사회적지지, 사회심리적 스트레스, 소진 정도를 확인하여 비교하는 것이다. 자료수집은 종합병원에 근무하는 임상경력 1년 미만의 신규간호사 65명과 임상경력 7년 이상의 경력간호사 70명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 이루어졌다. 수집된 자료는 IBM SPSS 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 신규간호사의 극복력은 경력간호사보다 낮았으며, 교육정도와 직무만족도, 주관적 건강상태에 따라 차이가 있었다. 반면 경력간호사의 극복력은 직위에 따라서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 또한 신규간호사와 경력간호사의 극복력은 사회심리적 스트레스와의 상관성이 가장 높았으며(r=-0.633, p<.001; r=-0.586, p<.001), 신규간호사는 사회적 지지(r=0.560, p<.001), 경력간호사는 소진이(r=-0.404, p=.001) 그 다음 상관성이 높은 변수인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 신규간호사와 경력간호사의 극복력의 정도와 관련 요인이 다르다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 신규간호사와 경력간호사의 극복력을 증진하기 위해 각 대상자의 극복력 특성에 따른 차별화된 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다.

• 대한간호
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 1996

This descriptive study was done to identify the relationship between coping style and trait anxiety in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The subjects selected were 69 patients who were scheduled for cardiac catheterization in S hospital from , November 1st, 1994 to May 30th, 1995. Data collection was done using Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Scale, Bendig's Short Form of the Manifest Anxiety Scale, Crowne & Morlowe's Social Desirability Scale, Millers Behavioral Style Scale, Information Subscale of Krantz Health Opinion Survey and Visual Analog Scale about informaton seeking behavior. The summary of the findings is as follows : 1. No significant relationship was found between the general characteristics of age, sex, marital status, level of education and occupation, and the variables coping style and trait anxiety. 2. The mean of trait anxiety scores for the Spielberger Scale was 46.68. It is slightly above average. The subjects were classified as to personality type: truely low anxious 25 (36.2%), highly anxious 25 (36.2%), and repressing 16 (23.2%), using a combination of scores from the Bendig Short Form Anxiety Scale and the Crowne Marlowe Social Desirability Scales. 3. No significant relationship was found between Spielberger s trait anxiety and Bendig's personality type. 4. Each subject's preference for either monitor or blunter coping strategy was assessed via the Miller Behavioral Style Scale. The proportion of Monitors (47.8%) and Blunters (52.2%) among the subjects were similar. The means of preference for information measured on the Krantz's subscale and Visual Analog Scale were 4.18, 80.79 respectively. Because these scores appeared above average, subjects tended to be higher seeker an information rather than avoiding it. 5. There was no significant relationship between Miller's Behavioral Style and Spielberger's trait anxiety. 6. There was no significant relationships between Bendig's personality types. and the preference on information of Krantz's and Visual Analog Scale. and Miller's Behavioral Styles. But 56.0% of the subjects who were highly anxious used Monitor strategy for coping. Findings from the current study do not permit any relationship inferences between coping style and trait anxiety. Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization must receive interventions on stress reduction because the cardiac 'catheterization creats a situation of psychological stress. Therefore, the nursing intervention of providing information about cardiac catheterization have to be given based on each patient's coping style and on their trait anxiety.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9367-9373
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• 2014

In diagnosis of lung cancer, rapid distinction between small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors is very important. Serum markers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), neurone specific enolase (NSE) and Cyfra21-1, are reported to reflect lung cancer characteristics. In this study classification of lung tumors was made based on biomarkers (measured in 120 NSCLC and 60 SCLC patients) by setting up optimal biomarker joint models with a powerful computerized tool - gene expression programming (GEP). GEP is a learning algorithm that combines the advantages of genetic programming (GP) and genetic algorithms (GA). It specifically focuses on relationships between variables in sets of data and then builds models to explain these relationships, and has been successfully used in formula finding and function mining. As a basis for defining a GEP environment for SCLC and NSCLC prediction, three explicit predictive models were constructed. CEA and NSE are requentlyused lung cancer markers in clinical trials, CRP, LDH and Cyfra21-1 have significant meaning in lung cancer, basis on CEA and NSE we set up three GEP models-GEP 1(CEA, NSE, Cyfra21-1), GEP2 (CEA, NSE, LDH), GEP3 (CEA, NSE, CRP). The best classification result of GEP gained when CEA, NSE and Cyfra21-1 were combined: 128 of 135 subjects in the training set and 40 of 45 subjects in the test set were classified correctly, the accuracy rate is 94.8% in training set; on collection of samples for testing, the accuracy rate is 88.9%. With GEP2, the accuracy was significantly decreased by 1.5% and 6.6% in training set and test set, in GEP3 was 0.82% and 4.45% respectively. Serum Cyfra21-1 is a useful and sensitive serum biomarker in discriminating between NSCLC and SCLC. GEP modeling is a promising and excellent tool in diagnosis of lung cancer.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.171-186
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• 2015

본 연구는 모바일 베이커리 어플리케이션에 대한 혁신성, 정보의존성, 정보제공 충분성 및 리뷰 신뢰성이 지각된 유용성과 지각된 용이성 그리고 최종적으로 지속적 이용에 미치는 영향관계를 검증하여 베이커리산업에 유용한 정보를 제시하고자 하였다. 자료 수집은 2014년 9월 1일부터 30일까지 실시하였으며, 설문지는 총 500부를 배포하여 455부를 회수하였고, 이 중 통계분석이 가능한 441부에 대하여 SPSS 18.0과 AMOS 18.0을 이용하여 요인분석과 신뢰성 검증을 실시하고, 제시된 연구가설을 검증하기 위해서 공분산 구조분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 혁신성은 지각된 유용성과 지각된 용이성에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 정보의존성은 지각된 유용성과 지각된 용이성에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 정보제공 충분성은 지각된 유용성과 지각된 용이성에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 리뷰신뢰성은 지각된 유용성과 지각된 용이성에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 지각된 용이성은 지각된 유용성에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 마지막으로 지각된 유용성과 지각된 용이성은 모바일 베이커리 어플리케이션의 지속적 이용에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3879-3887
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• 2012

Background: Development of effective educational strategies should accompany increases in public awareness and the availability of genetic testing for breast cancer (BC). These educational strategies should be designed to fulfill the knowledge gap while considering factors that influence women's interest in order to facilitate decision making. Objective: To determine the possible correlates of Saudi women's interest in BC genes testing including socio-demographics, the level of awareness towards BC genes, the family history of BC and the perceived personal risk among adult Saudi women in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during the second BC community-based campaign in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. All Saudi women aged ${\geq}18$ years (n=781) attending the educational components of the campaign were invited to a personal interview. Data collection included gathering information about sociodemographics, family history of BC, the perceived personal risk for BC, awareness and attitude towards BC genes and the women's interest in BC genes testing. Results: Of the included women (n=599), 19.5% perceived higher risk for BC development, significantly more among < 40 years of age, and with positive family history of BC before 50 years of age. The participants demonstrated a poor level of awareness regarding the inheritance, risk, and availability of BC genetic testing. The median summated knowledge score was 1.0 (out of 7 points) with a knowledge deficit of 87.8%. The level of knowledge showed significant decline with age (> 40 years). Of the included women 54.7% expressed an interest in BC genetic testing for assessing their BC risk. Multivariate regression model showed that being middle aged (Odds Ratio 'OR'=1.88, confidence intervals 'C.I'=1.14-3.11), with higher knowledge level (OR=1.67, C.I=1.08-2.57) and perceiving higher risk for BC (OR=2.11, C.I=1.61-2.76) were the significant positive correlates for Saudi women interest in BC genetic testing. Conclusion: Saudi women express high interest in genetic testing for BC risk despite their poor awareness. This great interest may reflect the presence of inappropriate information regarding BC genetic testing and its role in risk analysis.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.38-48
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• 1993

This study was done to suggest modification in the present hospital policy for Labour and Delivery which separates women in labour from their families. The design for study was a descriptive study. The number of subjects consisted of 82 postpartum women who had delivered within 12 hours and for whom there were no complications either for the mothers or for the newborns. Data collection was done with a structured questionnaire which was analyzed using frequencies and percentiles. The results of this study are as follows : 1. Most of subjects (90.2%) wanted their family to participate in the labour process. Husband were chosen as the primary participant(79.3%). The number of subjects who wanted their family to support them through the whole labour process (35.4%) was the highest, followed by, during labour(32.9%), as contrasted to, during delivery (1.2%). 2. Support from husband during pregnancy ranged from 55.6%-87.6% for all items. Primary support was from husband during the pregnancy. 3. The subjects wanted support from their families in labour by way of encouraging(84.1%), consolidating(81.7%), changing position(43.9%), maintaining relaxation(35.4%) and helping with respiration control (29.3%). The results showed higher support on the emotional level than the physical and informational level (26.8%). 4. The subjects answered that they expected that participation by their family during the labour process would have the effect of increasing security for the women in labour(79.3%), providing a better relationship between the family and the women in labour (57.3%) and the newborns(34.1%), and making for an easier labour courses (23.2%). 5. The priority of family members that the subjects wanted support from was, the husband, mother and mother-in-law in that order. It can be concluded that nurses help to maintain a management policy in the maternity setting which ignores the needs of the women in labour. If consideration is to be given to these subjects, future programs should include participation by the family in the labour process.