• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2018

Background Although previous studies have focused on determining prognostic and causative variables associated with fistula-related complications after head and neck reconstructive surgery, only a few studies have addressed preventive measures. Noting that pooled saliva complicates wound healing and precipitates fistula-related complications, we devised a continuous suction system to remove saliva during early postoperative recovery. Methods A continuous suction system was implemented in 20 patients after head and neck reconstructive surgery between January 2012 and October 2017. This group was compared to a control group of 16 patients at the same institution. The system was placed orally when the lesion was on the anterior side of the retromolar trigone area, and when glossectomy or resection of the mouth floor was performed. When the orohypopharynx and/or larynx were eradicated, the irrigation system was placed in the pharyngeal area. Results The mean follow-up period was $9.2{\pm}2.4$ months. The Hemovac system was applied for an average of 7.5 days. On average, 6.5 days were needed for the net drain output to fall below 10 mL. Complications were analyzed according to their causes and rates. A fistula occurred in two cases in the suction group. Compared to the control group, a significant difference was noted in the surgical site infection rate (P<0.031). Conclusions Clinical observations showed reduced saliva pooling and a reduction in the infection rate. This resulted in improved wound healing through the application of a continuous suction system.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.4.1-4.10
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• 2019

Background: The mandibular third molar (M3) is typically the last permanent tooth to erupt because of insufficient space and thick soft tissues covering its surface. Problems such as alveolar bone loss, development of a periodontal pocket, exposure of cementum, gingival recession, and dental caries can be found in the adjacent second molars (M2) following M3 extraction. The specific aims of the study were to assess the amount and rate of bone regeneration on the distal surface of M2 and to evaluate the aspects of bone regeneration in terms of varying degree of impaction. Methods: Four series of panoramic radiographic images were obtained from the selected cases, including images from the first visit, immediately after extraction, 6 weeks, and 6 months after extraction. ImageJ software^® (NIH, USA) was used to measure linear distance from the region of interest to the distal root of the adjacent M2. Radiographic infrabony defect (RID) values were calculated from the measured radiographic bone height and cementoenamel junction with distortion compensation. Repeated measures of analysis of variance and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to analyze the statistical significant difference between RID and time, and a Spearman correlation test was conducted to assess the relationship between Pederson's difficulty index (DI) and RID. Results: A large RID (> 6 mm) can be reduced gradually and consistently over time. More than half of the samples recovered nearly to their normal healthy condition (RID ≤ 3 mm) by the 6-month follow-up. DI affected the first 6 weeks of post-extraction period and only showed a significant positive correlation with respect to the difference between baseline and final RID. Conclusions: Additional treatments on M2 for a minimum of 6 months after an M3 extraction could be recommended. Although DI may affect bone regeneration during the early healing period, further study is required to elucidate any possible factors associated with the healing process. The DI does not cause any long-term adverse effects on bone regeneration after surgical extraction.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.307-319
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: It is known that an anodic oxidation technique, one of the methods for the implant surface treatment, remarkably increased surface area, enhanced wettability and accelerated the initial bone healing. Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the wettability of anodized titanium surface which has a nanotubular structure, to assess osseointegration after the placement of implant with nano-size tubes on tibia of rats and to analyze quantitatively transferable rhBMP-2 on each surface. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Four different kinds of surface-treated titanium discs (polished (machined surface) group, micro (blasting surface) group, nano (anodizedmachined surface) group, and nano-micro (anodized-blasting surface) group) were fabricated (n=10). Three different media were chosen to measure the surface contact angles; distilled water, plasma and rhBMP-2 solution. After a single drop (0.025 $m{\ell}$) of solution, the picture was taken with the image camera, and contact angle was measured by using image analysis system. For the test of osseointegration, 2 kinds of anodized surface (anodized-machined surface, anodized-blasting surface) implants having 2.0 mm in diameter and 5.0 mm in length inserted into the tibia of Wistar rats. After 3 weeks, tibia were harvested and the specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological analysis. To test the possibility of drug delivery, after soaking sample groups in the concentration of 250 ng/$m{\ell}$l of rhBMP-2 for 48 hours, the excess solution of rhBMP-2 were removed. After that, they were lyophilized for 24 hours, and then the rhBMP-2 on the surface of titanium was resolved for 72 hours in PBS. All the extracted solution was analyzed by ELISA. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the data. RESULTS: The wettability is improved by anodic oxidation. The best wettability was shown on the nano-micro group, and it was followed by nano group, micro group, and polished group. In the histological findings, all implants showed good healing and the new bone formation were observed along the implant surface. After 3 days, nano-micro group delivered the most amount of rhBMP-2, followed by nano group, micro group, and polished group. CONCLUSION: It indicated that anodic oxidation on blasting surface produce functionally graded nano-micro porous structure and enhance hydrophilicity of the surface and osseointegration. The findings suggest that the nano-micro porous structure could be a useful carrier of osteogenic molecules like rhBMP-2.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2013

Purpose: The optimal management for ankle fracture in elderly patients remains controversial. This study was undertaken to review the results of surgical treatment of ankle fracture in the elderly and to compare with other studies. Materials and Methods: The participants in this study were 33 patients over the age of 65(average 71.5 years) who underwent surgical treatment of ankle fracture from January 2004 to December 2011. The study was a retrospective review of outcomes after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of ankle fractures. To measure the clinical outcomes, we assessed postoperative complications, the pre- and post-operative mobility status, fracture union status, the time of fracture union and the AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) Ankle-Hindfoot scale. The level of patient satisfaction was also identified. Results: Delayed wound healing occurred in three patients(9.1%) but their wounds healed with repeated dressings without additional surgical treatment. Malunion occurred in one patient(3%). One patient(3%) had postoperative infection but healed with antibiotic treatment. 24 patients(96%) returned to preoperative mobility status. VAS score was lower than 2 in all patients. Bone union occurred with the 3.8 months (average months) after the surgery in all patients. Average AOFAS score was 87.4 and these were similar results as other studies of young patients. All patients were satisfied with surgical outcomes according to interviews. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of ankle fractures in the elderly can carry a significant risk of delayed wound healing and infection but incidence is relatively low. Internal fixation of ankle fractures in the elderly can be undertaken safely and the majority of patients can expect good outcome.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.819-824
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Whuallak-tang on the inflammation and Liver of the Rat with Arthritis, and to demonstrate its efficiency as well as its safety, Have the each group eat a saline solution, 72mg of Whuallak-tang and 144mg of Whuallak-tang respectively at the same time once a day during a week. After a week, check if there is edema and count the number of leukocyte. Measure total protein and bilirubin, GOT and GPT after extracting serum through centrifugal separation. Right plantat edema occurred much less in sample A and sample B compared to control group. The number of leukocyte of sample A and sample B decreased remarkably compared to control group. The amount of total protein in serum decreased only in sample B group compared to control group. The amount of total bilirubin in serum has no change in both sample A group and sample B group compared to control group. The amount of GOT in serum decreased in both sample A and sample B group compared to control group, but it has no meaning. The amount of GPT in serum decreased remarkably in both sample A and sample B group compared to control group. As a result it was proved that Whualk-tang is good as antiphlogistic of infalmmation of Rat with Arthritis and doesn't bad effect on the liver. Therefore it can be used fot healing Arthritis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.63-79
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• 2003

Objective: It makes a through study on the popularization and usefulness paln of Moxa Combustion, therefore popularizing practical use of that. Methods: It was based on the established treatises and books, in order to studying about the literature of Moxa Combustion Results & Conclusions: It makes a through study on the whole of Moxa Combustion, the results as follows. 1. We explained(illustrated) the origin, history, classification and mechanism(effect) of Moxa Combustion 2. The study of standardization plan of Moxa Combustion for popularization - The thermal stimulation of Moxa Combustion was decided the characteristic pattern of combustion temperature by moxa burning and that makes a measure to grasp the effective action of Moxa Combustion upon human body. Thereupon it is necessary to continue further studies by analysing the characteristic pattern of combustion temperature by moxa burning and there clinical effects in practice. 3. The usefulness of Moxa Combustion - The therapeutic effect of Moxa Combustion are hematopoiesis(increase the blood), analgesic function, increase the immunity, antioxidant activity, diuretic action, control of hormone(endocrine gland), supression of carcinogenesis, increase the self involution(natural healing), decrease of GOT/GPT, Glucose, Cholesterol level.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2015

The appeal of sauna is caused by the fact that through that, one can feel Korea's unique temperament and culture; however, because of its being a public facility and flooding of businesses due to excessive supplies of various additional features such as washing, playing, eating, sleeping and health care functions, issues of social resources and environment come to the fore, so it has reached a situation of red ocean that it is difficult to enter the market anymore. Taking these into account, this study focused on developing a thermal technology and design of the housing of an environment-friendly mobile home sauna, making the most use of the sauna's fundamental purpose and settling it as a tourist product, analyzing the marketing research on the existing sauna and considering the recent housing trends and lifestyles for a new concept sauna. Thus, regarding its characteristics and utilization, it was designed smaller than $10m^2$ (3 pyeong) so that it would be easy to install in any space and convenient to move. It can be installed in separate buildings and rest spaces such as country houses, resorts, pensions, camping grounds as well as outdoor houses, custom produced for a measure of pyeong that customers want so as to match up with the Enforcement Ordinance of the Agricultural Land Act in a concept of the farmer's hut and kitchen, bathroom and bathroom can be installed inside according to an option. In addition, regarding its efficacy, in order to give environment-friendly healing effects, materials such as Hinoki Cypress, red clay and hardwood charcoal were used, a fixed indoor temperature of $70{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ was maintained by heating methods such as electromagnetic wave free, energy saving and low-power boiler, and it was made to have excellent effects on fatigue recovery, relieving stress, skin care and diet through far-infrared emission.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.3833-3838
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• 2010

뇌파는 시시각각 변하는 뇌 상태를 가장 효과적으로 측정하는 수단이다. 뇌는 신진대사의 근간인 호르몬과 직접적인 관계가 있으므로 뇌파와 호르몬간의 영향관계를 규명할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 뇌파만으로 신진대사와 관련된 정보의 산출이 가능함을 밝히는 연구를 수행하였다. 주요 연구변수는, 2007년 3월 3일부터 5월 28일까지 측정한, 직장인 여성들의 스트레스 정보인 뇌파 항스트레스 지수와 코티졸 호르몬 농도이다. 이들 간의 영향관계를 밝히고자, 뇌파훈련 전후에 대한 t검증, 상관분석, 회귀분석을 주된 연구방법으로 수행하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과가 도출되었다. 첫째, 뇌파훈련에 의해 변수들의 변화에 대한 유의한 차이가 검증되었다. 둘째, 변수들 간에 상관성이 존재함을 규명하였다. 마지막으로 회귀분석에서, 변수들 간에 영향력이 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 그러므로 뇌파분석만으로도 호르몬 분석수준의 스트레스 정보를 제공할 수 있다는 결론에 도달하였다.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 1998

Various methods for fixation of graft have been widely used for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament. However, the biomechanical strength of each fixation techniques are not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to compare the pull out strength of different fixation techniques which is probably the most important factor for the success at the initial stage of healing. Biomechanical test was carried out to measure and compare the pull out tensile strength of five different fixation techniques in 35 pig(Yorkshire) knees. ANOVA and Duncan multiple comparison test was applied for statistical analysis. In the two fixation techniques with bone patellar tendon bone graft, the mean maximum tensile strength was $1333.4{\pm}148.5N$ with titanium interference screw, while it was $1310.1{\pm}168.9N$ with biodegradable interference screw. The failure mode were pulled out of bone plugs from the femoral tunnel in majority cases. In the fixations with hamstring tendon, the mean maximum tensile strength were $1405.9{\pm}135.1N$ with SemiFix screw, $820.3{\pm}104.5N$ with biodegradable interference screw, and $682.1{\pm}54.2N$ with Endobutton. The mode of failure was variable in each technique. The tendon was pulled out from the tunnel in biodegradable interference screw fixation, the screw was bent in the SemiFix system, and the polyester tape were ruptured or the buttons were pulled into tunnel in Endobutton fixation. The mean maximum tensile strength of two interference screws with bone patellar tendon bone was statistically comparable to that of SemiFix with hamstring tendon. However biodegradable interference screw and Endobutton with hamstring tendon showed weaker maximum tensile strength than above three fixation techniques (P<0.05).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2003

The roots of teeth exposed by gingival recession, may be successfully covered by various type of gingival grafting procedures. Vascularization of the recipient site is an essential determinant of the grafts' survival during the first healing stages. It has been suggested that a procedure by which they stimulate the periosteum presurgically will induce the proliferation of neo-endothelium in the site to be operated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the variations in the gingival blood flow during 4weeks after periosteal stimulation in patient scheduled to receive gingival grafts and to compare variations in the gingival blood flow between smoker and non-smoker. Laser Doppler Flowmetry(floLAB(R), Moor Instruments Ltd, England ; wave length = 780mm. Max. power =l.6mW) was used to measure the gingival blood flow. 112 sites of 68 male patients (32 smokers and 36 non-smoker), aged between 23 and 48 years (smoker : 24-44 years. mean=32.6, non-smoker : 23-48 years, mean=28.5) were monitored for the blood flow. Gingival blood flow measured at before periosteal stimulation, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-weeks after periosteal stimulation from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. The difference of blood flow in each measuring time, each measuring site and between smokers and non-smokers were statistically analyzed by MANOVA. The results were as follows : (1) Blood flow stayed increased for 2 weeks, and then, it was a tendency to decrease(p<0.05). (2) There was no statistically significant difference of blood flow change between smokers and non-smokers. (3)The blood flow at middle site had lower than mesial and distal site during the measuring periods(p<0.05). The present study suggested that blood flow change following periosteal stimulation was significant difference, thus periosteal stimulation before gingival graft might induce favorable results in gingival recession patient.