• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2011

Objectives: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a colorless, water-miscible organic liquid with low viscosity at standard temperature and pressure. THF has been used as a solvent and a precursor for various syntheses of polymers. However, THF is known to irritate to the eyes, skin and mucus membranes. Overexposure by inhalation, ingestion or skin contact may produce nausea, dizziness, headaches, respiratory irritation and possible skin burns. The purpose of this study is to evaluate of the worker exposure and characteristics of workers in the workplaces that use or manufacture THF. Methods: Sixteen factories in Korea, which manufacture or use THF, were selected for this study and a total of 130 air samples including 104 time-weighted average (TWA) samples and 26 short-term exposure limit (STEL) samples, were collected. Air samples were collected with charcoal tube (100mg/50mg) and analyzed by gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector(GC/FID). Results: The TWA concentration of THF was 16.05ppm (GM) at PS script printing, 2.32ppm (GM) at PVC stabilizer, 1.03ppm (GM) at Lithium triethylborohydride, 0.63ppm (GM) at Polytetramethylene ether glycol(PTMEG), 0.42ppm (GM) at Manufacturing THF, 0.13ppm (GM) at Glue and 0.12ppm (GM) at synthetic rubber/resins. Two out of sampes for PS script printing exceeded 50ppm as 8-hour exposure limit of MOEL. The short term exposure to THF was 54.77ppm (GM) at PS script printing, 17.10ppm (GM) at PTMEG, 13.76ppm (GM) at Manufacturing THF, 2.86ppm (GM) at Lithium triethylborohydride, 0.87ppm (GM) at synthetic rubber/resins and 0.13ppm (GM) Glue. We found that the highest exposure process for both the TWA and STEL samples was PS script process. Two samples exceeded 100ppm as short term exposure limit of Ministry of Employment and Labor(MOEL). Conclusions: Characteristic of STEL concentration for THF is considerably different from TWA concentration in workplaces because workers could exposure high concentration of THF in a moment when they work irregularly schedule. So exposure controls for momentary works have to be prepared, and considered the skin absorption and inhale of THF.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the differences in clinical features and laboratory findings between group D and non-group D non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) gastroenteritis in children. Methods: A retrospective chart review of children diagnosed with NTS confirmed by culture study was performed. The clinical features and laboratory findings of group D and non-group D NTS were compared. Results: From 2003 to 2012, 75 cases were diagnosed as NTS at our center. The number of group D and non-group D patients was 45 and 30, respectively. The mean age was higher in group D than in non-group D patients (5.1 years vs. 3.4 years, p=0.038). Headaches were more frequently observed (p=0.046) and hematochezia was less frequently observed (p=0.017) in group D than in non-group D NTS gastroenteritis patients. A positive Widal test result was observed in 53.3% of group D and 6.7% of non-group D NTS cases (O-titer, p=0.030; H-titer, p=0.039). There were no differences in white blood cell counts, level of C-reactive protein and rate of antimicrobial resistance between group D and non-group D cases. Conclusion: The more severe clinical features such as headache, fever, and higher Widal titers were found to be indicative of group D NTS gastroenteritis. Additionally, group D NTS gastroenteritis was more commonly found in older patients. Therefore, old age, fever, headache, and a positive Widal test are more indicative of group D NTS than non-group D NTS gastroenteritis. Pathophysiological mechanisms may differ across serologic groups.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.947-956
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• 2012

This study aims to investigate both general dietary behaviors and clinical symptoms of diet related effects among fifth grade students at an elementary school in Ulsan Metropolitan City, and to categorize those relationships in terms of their comparative differences. The findings of this study are as follows. 1. Out of 694 students polled, 53.7% were of boys and 46.2% were girls with average age of $11.9{\pm}0.3$, average height of $145.1{\pm}6.8cm$, and average weight of $39.7{\pm}9.7kg$. Obesity in boys (5.5%) exceeded girls (3.9%) whereas children categorized as underweight showed girls (14.6%) slightly exceeded boys (10.4%). 2. Dietary behaviors were largely the result of four factors - unbalanced diet, balanced diet, protein and fruits and healthy dietary habits. Of these factors, protein and fruits ($4.04{\pm}1.03$) ranked first, balanced diet ($3.38{\pm}1.04$) second, healthy dietary habits ($3.04{\pm}1.01$) third and unbalanced diet ($2.23{\pm}0.6$) ranked last. 3. When Dietary behaviors were classified with four low ranking factors, they were divided into four types such as convenience (22.4%), good diet (24.7%), busy contemporary modern man (24.3%) and healthy dietary habits (26%). 4. Clinical symptoms include colds ($2.27{\pm}1.15$) followed by headaches ($2.17{\pm}1.19$), stomachaches ($2.16{\pm}1.15$), dizziness ($2.02{\pm}1.15$), atopic allergy ($1.95{\pm}1.30$), prevalence for cold sores ($1.86{\pm}1.07$), allergy ($1.65{\pm}1.05$), and constipation ($1.54{\pm}0.87$). 5. According to the results, clinical symptoms were divided into two groups - unhealthy (40.1%) and healthy (59.9%). 6. By analyzing the relationship between dietary behavior types and clinical symptom types, the convenience factor included slightly more of the unhealthy group (56.3%), whereas the good diet (71.1%), busy contemporary modern person (55.8%) and healthy dietary habits (69.7%) included more of healthy group (p<.001). Since the majority of students belonging to the unhealthy group had convenience dietary behavior, education about desirable dietary activities is needed for these students. In addition, nutrition information and information on possible clinical symptoms caused by nutritional imbalance should be provided for students and their households.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2014

연구목적 일 종합병원에 근무하는 여성 간호사 중 순환교대자와 주간고정근무자 두 군 간의 정신신체 증상의 차이를 조사하였다. 방 법 일 종합병원에서 근무하는 여성 간호사의 인구학적 정보를 수집하여, 두통의 강도(VAS), 두통의 유형, 두통의 빈도를 알기위한 질문지와 우울척도(BDI), 전반적 수면평가지(GSAQ)를 사용하였다. 통계분석은 Mann-Whitney test와 ${\chi}^2$ test를 사용하였다. 결 과 전체 대상군 84명 중 순환군이 37명, 주간군이 47명이었다. 순환군이 주간군보다 젊고 미혼이 많았고 근무연수가 적었다. 순환군이 주간군보다 두통, 불면, 과다 주간졸리움증, 우울, 불안과 같은 정신신체 증상이 통계학적으로 유의하게 많았다. 결 론 종합병원의 순환교대근무 여성간호사가 주간근무자보다 더 많은 두통, 불면, 과다 주간졸리움증, 우울, 불안을 보였다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.9-38
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• 2000

It has been widely said in Korea that early administrations of Cervi cornu parvum (deer antler) to febrile infants affect brain functions. Traditional Oriental Medicine states that the head is easily affected by fever and only an excess of heat causes headaches. Traditional Oriental Medicine also states that Cervi cornu parvum cannot be used in febrile conditions. With the aim of investigating different febrile response to LPS, experiments using intravenous injection of LPS have been carried out on Cervi comu parvum(CCP) and Soahbohyul - tang combined with Cervi comu parvum(SB-CCP) administered rabbits. Experiments were also conducted to evaluate the effects of early administration of CCP on learning and memory in 3 week old rats with LPS fever. These were evaluated by using the Morris water maze and the radial arm maze. Changes in body weight were also observed during this period. The results of these experiments are as follows. 1. In the experiments with febrile rabbits, the CCP and SB-CCP administered group showed statistically significant reductions of fever (p<0.05). 2. In the experiments with febrile rabbits, CCP and SB-CCP administered rabbits resulted in the tendency of lower body temperatures and shorter fever periods than the control group. 3. There were no differences of mean body weight and fever patterns among the 4 groups in the experiments on young rats with LPS fever. 4. There was no statistical difference of mean response latencies among the rats in Group I (DDW administered), GroupIII (CCP administered), and groupIV (SB-CCP administered) in the Morris water maze. However, Group Ⅱ (the scopolamine administered group) showed delayed latencies on the second day of the first session (p<0.05), and the second and third day of the second session (p< 0.05). 5. There were no statistical differences of mean response latencies among the rats in Group I, III and Ⅳ in the radial arm maze, but Group Ⅱ showed delayed latencies on the first and third day of the first session (p<0.05). 6. There was no influence from the administration of CCP and SB-CCP on the general behavior of the rats in Irwin´s test. These results suggest that Cervi cornu parvum and Soahbohyul - tang combined with Cervi comu parvum have anti-pyretic actions on LPS fever. The results also suggest that these drugs have no influence on learning and memory in young rats with LPS fever in the Morris water maze and the radial arm maze.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.123-136
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• 2004

Objective : Because the cause and etiology of chronic headache is not yet fully explained, the treatment of this symptom is not simple. This study compares the effects of aroma acupuncture and normal acupuncture applied on chronic headache patients, in order to establish a primary data for further studies of new treatments and developments of new practical acupunctures. Methods : 38 clinical experiment participants were gathered and through a questionnaire patients who experienced headache for more than 4 hours a day and more than 15 days per month were qualified as Chronic Headache patients. The qualified patients were classified in to two groups, aroma acupuncture group(Aroma AT group, n=23) and normal acupuncture group(AT group, n=15). Treatment was applied 2 times a weeks for 8 weeks. The acupoints, GV20, HN23, ST8, HN46, TE17, GB20, LI20, LI11, LI14, ST36, and LR3 were stimulated for 20 minutes in both the groups. The effects of both groups were analyzed using VAS scores and BPI (Brief Pain Inventory). Results : The VAS pain scores improved significantly in both groups. The decrease rate was larger in the Aroma AT group(p<0.05). The BPI scores for the both groups also decreased. The improvement in the Aroma AT group was larger(p<0.05). Conclusion : Aroma acupuncture applied on chronic headache patients showed effects of relieving pain, improving general activities, changing the mood, and improving sleeping behaviors. These effects were analyzed using VAS scores and BPI. The Aroma AT group showed significant changes of VAS and BPI compared to the AT group, suggesting that this new practical acupuncture is very effective when treating chronic headaches. Further researches are needed to evaluate the distinct functional mechanism of aroma acupuncture, but this study is meaningful in the sense that it will act as a fundamental study to build on.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2018

A 58-year-old woman came into our clinic with headache, dizziness, and malaise after an electrical injury. Even though she received conventional treatment about five weeks after the injury, the symptoms did not improve, and she decided to undergo traditional Korean medicine treatment. During a 20-day hospital stay with acupuncture and herbal medicine, the symptoms were reduced to about half, and after six months of further treatment in the outpatient clinic, there was no pain during the day and only moderate headaches occurred intermittently after intense physical activity. As far as we know, this is the first report to treat the aftereffects of electrical injury with traditional Korean medicine treatment. Hence, here we tried to fully describe and announce the detailed progress of the patient through this report.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 1991

Two patients with confirmed cerebral cysticercosis were treated with Albendazole(Zentel$^{(R)}$) at a daily dose of 1.200mg t.i.d. for 14 consecutive days and evaluated for tolerance and therapeutic effects. First case was 29 year old male, who had experience of 4 times of grand mal seizures during 1 year period before administration in Korea University Hospital. His chief complaints were seizure and moderate degree headache. He also had 4 subcutaneous nodules on the thorax, right and left upper arms. Among them one nodule was biopsied and confirmed microscopically as Cysticercus cellulosae hominis. Computed tomography of the brain showed four round low density lesions in right postero-frontal area, sylvian area, intra-occipital area and left parietal area. Second case was 48 year old male, who also had experience of seizures at 3 years, 5 months and 3 months before administration. In this case, no subcutaneous nodules and no headaches were noted. Brain CT showed four round low density lesions in right postero-parietal area and temporo-parietal area, and left temporo-parietal and parietal area. Serum antibody against cystic fluid antigen was detected by ELISA in both cases. The efficacy of the treatment of cerebral cysticercosis was assessed by the frequency of convulsions after treatment for 22 months follow-up. by the disappearance of the densities in cystic lesions at brain CT for 6 months follow-up, and disappearance of subcutaneous nodules, headache and so on. As the results, all low density lesions in both cases were disappeared in films of brain CT, and 4 nodules in first case were also disappeared. No more seizure and complain of headache occurred during the last 22 months after treatment in both cases. Post-treatment complete blood count and liver function test revealed no remarkable change compared to pre-treatment test. In the nations of Latin America, the physicians do not initially recommended the simultaneous administrations of steroids, reserving them only for patients whom the adverse reactions such as severe headache and/or seizures are occurred. According to them, in most patients these symptoms are controlled with aspirin and symptomatic drugs. But our experience using praziquantel is different, and most cerebral cysticercosis patients who takes PZQ had complaint of severe headache and sometimes seizure. So we simultaneously used dexamethasone as 6mg q.i.d. for 14 consecutive days and 6 days tapering thereafter in both cases for prevention of reactions produced by the host in response to the deaths of the parasites. As the conclusion, albendazole is effective in patients who presented cerebral cysticercosis and albendazole may help in the control of cysticercosis.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2008

최근 휴대폰 보급률이 증가하면서 휴대폰 전자파로 인해 두통, 불면증, 단기간의 기억력 소실 등의 정신 신경 생리학적 증상을 호소하는 휴대폰 전자파 과민증(EHS, Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity) 환자들이 나타나고 있다. 그러나 휴대폰 전자파 과민반응의 원인이 막연한 불안감 때문인지 혹은 전자파 노출로 인한 증상 인지에 대하여 확실한 원인규명이 되지 않고 있다. GSM 방식의 휴대폰의 경우 전자파 노출 시 EHS 군을 대상으로 혈압, 맥박수 변화 및 자각 증상 등의 과민 반응에 대한 연구들이 수행되었으나 일반인과 EHS 군의 실험-대조군 연구로 생체신호, 자각증상 및 전자파 인지 여부에 대한 복합적인 연구와 CDMA 휴대폰 EHS 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 일반인 19명과 EHS 17명을 대상으로 30분간 300 mW의 CDMA 휴대폰 전자파에 노출 시 교감신경의 흥분을 나타내는 맥박, 호흡수, HRV(heart rate variability)의 변화를 측정하고, 전자파 노출 시 전자파 인지여부와 두통, 피로 등의 자각증상을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 일반인과 EHS 군 모두 전자파 노출여부에 따라 맥박, 호흡수, HRV의 변화가 없었고, 자각증상의 차이도 없었다. 전자파 인지 조사 결과 EHS 군이 일반인 군에 비하여 전자파를 더 잘 인지한다고 볼 수 없었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.856-860
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• 2008

목 적 : 소아에서 진단 목적으로 척수액 검사를 시행한 환아에서 요추 천자 후 발생하는 두통과 요통에 영향을 주는 요인들을 조사하고, 특히 소아에서 불편을 호소하는 요추 천자 후 절대안정이 필요한가를 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 하였다. 방 법 : 2005년 7월부터 2007년 7월까지 건국대학교병원 소아청소년과에 뇌수막염 진단을 위해 요추 천자를 시행한 2세부터 15세의 환아 70명을 대상으로 하였다. 저자들은 그들을 2개의 집단으로 나누었다. 요추 천자 후 절대 안정을 하지 않은 집단은 24명이었고 절대 안정을 4시간 동안 시행한 집단은 46명이었다. 요추 천자 후 발생되는 두통, 요통과 같은 합병증이 나이, 성별, 요추 천자 횟수, 척수액내의 백혈구 세포수 및 압력, PCR enterovirus, 절대 안정여부와 상관 관계가 있는지 분석하였다. 결 과 : 요추 천자 후 발생되는 두통, 요통과 같은 합병증은 나이, 성별, 척수액 압력, 장 바이러스와는 통계학적인 의미가 없었다. 두통은 척수액내의 백혈구 세포수가 높을수록 통계학적인 의미가 있었다(P=0.043). 증상의 빈도는 두 집단 간에 큰 의미는 없었다. 요통의 발생 횟수는 요추 천자 횟수가 많을수록 통계학적으로 의미 있게 증가하였다(P=0.046). 결 론 : 척수액내의 백혈구수와 요추 천자 횟수는 천자 후에 발생하는 두통과 요통에 영향을 주는 인자로 생각된다. 요추 천자 후 예방적으로 시행되는 절대 안정은 천자 후에 발생하는 두통 및 요통의 발생 빈도에 영향을 주지 않기 때문에 시행할 필요가 없다고 생각한다.