• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.39-42
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• 2015

Warthin's tumor is the second most common salivary gland benign tumor, typically occurring in the fifth to seventh decades of life which shows an indolent feature. It is usually found in the parotid gland but occasionally in extra-parotid locations such as peri-parotid lymph node. However, Report of solitary Warthin's tumor in cervical lymph node is unusual. We here report a case of 72-year-old male with simultaneous malignant melanoma on eyelid and cervical lymph node enlargement in cervical level II area thus mimicking malignancy metastasis. After excisional biopsy under the local anesthesia, pathology was reported as papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, which is a histologically pathognomic finding of Warthin's tumor. However, there was no suspicious tumorous lesion in major or minor salivary glands. This case suggests that Warthin's tumor should be considered as a possible pathology in solitary lymph node lesion of neck.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.61-64
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• 2016

There are various types of malignancy in eyelid, such as squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and sarcoma. These malignant tumors have potential of metastasis by regional lymph node drainage. The lymph node around parotid gland has been known as a common site of regional lymph node metastasis. The rarity of malignant tumors in the periorbital area makes it difficult to determine the optimal extent of treatment. We report a case of parotid metastasis after eyelid cancer operation in a 60-year-old man.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2014

Purpose: As PET-MRI which has excellent soft tissue contrast is developed as integration system, many researches about clinical application are being conducted by comparing with existing display equipments. Because PET-MRI is actively used for head and neck cancer diagnosis in our hospital, lymph node metastasis before the patient's surgery was diagnosed and clinical usefulness of head and neck cancer PET-MRI scan was evaluated using pathological opinions and idiopathy surrounding tissue metastasis evaluation method. Materials and Methods: Targeting 100 head and neck cancer patients in SNUH from January to August in 2013. $^{18}F-FDG$ (5.18 MBq/kg) was intravenous injected and after 60 min of rest, torso (body TIM coil, Vibe-Dixon) and dedication (head-neck TIM coil, UTE, Dotarem injection) scans were conducted using $Bio-graph^{TM}$ mMR 3T (SIEMENS, Munich). Data were reorganized using iterative reconstruction and lymph node metastasis was read with Syngo.Via workstation. Subsequently, pathological observations and diagnosis before-and-after surgery were examined with integrated medical information system (EMR, best-care) in SNUH. Patient's diagnostic information was entered in each category of $2{\times}2$ decision matrix and was classified into true positive (TP), true negative (TN), false positive (FP) and false negative (FN). Based on these classified test results, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false negative and false positive rate were calculated. Results: In PET-MRI scan results of head and neck cancer patients, positive and negative cases of lymph node metastasis were 49 and 51 cases respectively and positive and negative lymph node metastasis through before-and-after surgery pathological results were 46 and 54 cases respectively. In both tests, TP which received positive lymph node metastasis were analyzed as 34 cases, FP which received positive lymph node metastasis in PET-MRI scan but received negative lymph node metastasis in pathological test were 4 cases, FN which received negative lymph node metastasis but received positive lymph node metastasis in pathological test was 1 case, and TN which received negative lymph node metastasis in both two tests were 50 cases. Based on these data, sensitivity in PET-MRI scan of head and neck cancer patient was identified to be 97.8%, specificity was 92.5%, accuracy was 95%, FN rate was 2.1% and FP rate was 7.00% respectively. Conclusion: PET-MRI which can apply the acquired functional information using high tissue contrast and various sequences was considered to be useful in determining the weapons before-and-after surgery in head and neck cancer diagnosis or in the evaluation of recurrence and remote detection of metastasis and uncertain idiopathy cervical lymph node metastasis. Additionally, clinical usefulness of PET-MRI through pathological test and integrated diagnosis and follow-up scan was considered to be sufficient as a standard diagnosis scan of head and neck cancer, and additional researches about the development of optimum MR sequence and clinical application are required.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1001-1008
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• 2015

Mobile Ad hoc Network(MANET) consists of a node that has mobility. In MANET, the node has routing, the node builds a network of their own, no dependent infrastructure. Topology are exchanged due to node mobility in MANET. For reducing the change of topology, hierarchical network algorithm has been investigated. In hierarchical network, cluster member node communicates through cluster head node. When the load-balancing of cluster head node is exceed, assigned cluster member node can't communicate with base station. To solve this problem, we proposed Load Tolerance algorithm. The proposed algorithm, when cluster member node can't send a message by cluster head node that exceed load-balancing, then the cluster member node sends a message by selected load tolerance node. Through a simulation, the proposed algorithm improves packet delivery ratio in cluster routing.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2012

Objectives: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C)and vascular endothelial growth factor feceptor-3 (VEGFR-3) in laryngeal squamous carcinoma and its relationship to lymph node metastasis were investigated. Methods: VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 gene expression in 30 cases of normal laryngeal mucosa tissue (NLM), primary laryngeal carcinoma cell carcinomas (PLC) and cervical lymph nodes (CLN) was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Protein levels of VEGF-C expression were determined by immunohistochemical staining in 60 cases of PLC. Results: Expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 different among NLM, PLC and CLN in the same patient. In PLC, expression was significantly higher in lymph node positive group than in the lymph node negative group and associated with histological grade of differentiation; Expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was not linked with age, sex, site or T stage. Conclusions: A close correlation was found between VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 expression and lymph node metastasis in PLC, suggesting a role in metastasis of laryngeal carcinomas.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 2017

A 62-year-old female patient had goiter for twenty years. She visited out-patient clinic with a hoarse voice and intermittent breathing difficulties. About protruding 15cm sized mass located the anterior neck and right vocal cord paralysis was observed. Preoperative CT scan was strongly suspected of thyroid gland cancer and cervical lymph node metastasis. Therefore, fine needle aspiration test was performed and surgical treatment was planned with the histopathologic results (papillary thyroid carcinoma). Surgery was performed with total thyroidectomy, bilateral cervical lymph node dissection, and right selective nodal lymph node dissection (level II-V). During operation right thyroid seemed to be adherent to surrounding tissue and the blood vessels were extremely engorged. There was hypotensive crisis because of intraoperative excessive bleeding. However it was managed by repetitive transfusion. The operation was completed without abnormalities. She underwent 4 times of bleeding control operation due to postoperative bleeding. After complications were improved, we are currently undergoing out-patient follow up without morbidity.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2020

Ovarian cancer is common malignant disease with high mortality in the female. However, lymph node metastasis in the head and neck of ovarian cancer is very rare than in para-aortic, pelvic lymph node. A 49-year-old female patient came to our clinic with a left neck mass. After total thyroidectomy and left selective neck dissection for the cervical neck level II, III, IV, V, VI for ovarian cancer and thyroid cancer, she had already undergone chemotherapy (Paclitaxel+Carboplatin) 18 month ago. CT scan showed only lymph node enlargement in left neck level II. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed a hypermetabolic lesion in same area but no other hypermetabolic lesion, especially in the pelvic and abdominal cavity. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed metastatic carcinoma. The serum level of CA-125 was elevated to 43.8U/mL, whereas other tumor markers (CA 19-9, CEA) were in the normal range. She underwent a revision of selective neck lymph node dissection for the cervical neck levels I, II, and III, and on the review of surgical pathology, metastatic carcinoma was suspected. Thus, we performed immunohistochemical staining for the tissue; as a result, it was finally diagnosed as metastatic ovarian cancer (positive for CK7, ER and PR, and negative for CK20). Adjuvant chemotherapy (Paclitaxel+Carboplatin) was planned on the tumor board, and the patient successfully received chemotherapy.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2018

Metastases to regional cervical lymph nodes occur frequently in patients with thyroid cancer. The appropriate management of regional lymph node is important to achieve good disease control and to classify risk stratification for adjuvant radioactive iodine. However, there are some occasions that neck dissection is difficult and embarrassing in thyroid cancer. Especially, extensive or unusual nodal metastases bring challenges and makes neck dissection more difficult. Carotid artery management is one of the most difficult procedure in neck dissection. The management of patients who have persistent or recurrent cervical metastasis involving the carotid artery has been controversial and treatment dilemma to the surgeon. Metastasis of well differentiated thyroid cancer to the retropharyngeal lymph nodes is rare but occasionally encountered. The complete surgical excision is usually recommended for retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis of well differentiated thyroid cancer. An extensive mediastinal dissection in advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma is occasionally required. This paper will review recent reports of management of advanced nodal metastasis of thyroid cancer and share the author's personal experience.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.2358-2364
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• 2010

Recently, In the wireless sensor network, a study which guarantees integrity of not only data gathered from sensor node but also energy consumption of it is now going on. However, the existing study cannot guarantee data integrity and overhead of cluster head which merges data from sensor node. This paper proposes multi-path hash chain technique which guarantees integrity of merged data and reduces overhead of cluster head when cluster head merges with data transmitted from sensor node. The proposed technique forms multi-hash chain dividing main-path and assistance-path to guarantee data integrity of cluster head, when merges data. The assistance-path, which is used when main-path is not, supports integrity of sensor node while minimizing overhead of cluster head when sensor node is authenticate.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.55-59
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• 2020

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but life-threatening one syndrome of excessive immune activation. This immune dysregulation disorder is prominently associated with cytopenias and combinations of clinical signs and extreme inflammation symptoms. For survival, it is important to diagnose early and treat appropriately. We report a case of 10 years old boy who was admitted to the hospital with a month history of fever and cervical lymph node enlargement. There were signs of hemophagocytic histiocytosis in the lymph node and bone marrow. The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis are reviewed.