• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2013

Background & Objectives : The Speech Handicap Index (SHI) is used to assess speech problem of head and neck cancer patients. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the reliability and validity the Korean version SHI. Materials and Methods : Sixteen patients with oral cavity cancer and 26 normal control were participated in the study. Test-retest reliability of the Korean version of SHI was completed by 20 out of 42 subjects after 2weeks. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the Korean version of SHI scores between normal population and patients group. The relationship between the Korean version of SHI and diadochokinesis (DDK) was investigated using Spearman correlation coefficients. Results : The Korean version of SHI provided a high internal consistency (${\alpha}$=0.99) and test-retest reliability (Spearman rho 0.98). The mean SHI scores [total (T), speech (S), and psychosocial (P)] in normal population were 0.8 (T), 0.2 (S) and 0.4 (P), whereas those in patients group were 58.1 (T), 27.9 (S) and 27.0 (P) respectively. There were significant differences in total SHI score as well as in all of the sub-SHI scores between two groups. Moreover, significant correlation between the Korean version of SHI parameters (T, S, P) and sequential motion rate (SMR) were yielded in patients group. Conclusion : The Korean version of SHIwas reliable and valid. It can be useful as a supplementary clinical tool for diagnosing and measuring treatment efficacy of speech problems related to oral cavity cancer.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate about sleep quality and orofacial pain pattern between experimental and control group. 101 subjects with temporomandibular disorders without any psychologic and neurologic problem were selected from the patients presented to Wonkwang University dental hospital. Routine clinical examination for TMD was carried out, especially for the frequency of headache and the craniocervical muscles were also done by the author in the first visit. All the subjects filled out the questionnaires, that was, for the evaluation of sleep quality using Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI), and for the analysis of behavioral pain scale questionnaires. Data obtained were statistically processed by the SPSS Windows program and the results of this study were as follows: 1. Subjective sleep index, sleep latency, sleep disturbance, global score in control group were significantly lower than 2. Subjective sleep index, sleep disturbance, global score in subject with headache were significantly lower than subject without headache(P<0.05). 3. Medicine taker have sleeping drug. Caffeine drinkers was significantly higher in daytime dysfunction, global score than no drinker. 4. It have more frequent head and neck pain, pain spreading, daily life difficult in poor sleeper than good sleeper.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2014

This study was designed to find an appropriate biomaterial to proliferate Schwann cell (SC). Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) films mixed with demineralized bone particle (DBP), small intestine submucosa (SIS), and silk were fabricated by a solvent casting method. Analysis of MTT, SEM and RT-PCR were performed to confirm adhesion and proliferation of SC. Contact angle of films was assayed for hydrophilicity of films. We confirmed that PLGA/DBP 20% film showed higher hydrophilicity, promoted adhesion and proliferation of SC than other films. It was concluded that PLGA/DBP film can be applied for the scaffold biomaterials for the regeneration of central nerve system.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2014

Hydroxyapatite has osteoconductivity, biocompatibility and noninflammatory, and it has been used clinically as artificial bone. In this study, we prepared hydroxyapatite/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds using 0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 wt% of hydroxyapatite. We analyzed compressive strength, SEM analysis and FTIR for mechanical property of 3D hydroxyapatite/PLGA scaffolds. For biocompatibility tests, cell proliferation and viability were measured via MTT assay and SEM. We analyzed RT-PCR, FACS, histology (H&E, ED-1) for anti-inflammatory effect. This study showed that hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffolds have low inflammatory reaction compared with the PLGA. This result has a potential for the application of artificial bone graft material.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2016

Objectives : Somatic symptoms after the exposure of psychological trauma frequently developed. However, the somatic symptoms are not covered under the diagnostic criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) in detail, although they are often associated with social and occupational functioning and patient-doctor relationships. The aim of this article is to highlight the potential mechanisms, the common manifestations, and the treatment of the somatic symptoms. Methods : This article studied the somatic symptoms searched using academic search engines like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, KoreaMed and KISS from the earliest available date of indexing to March 31, 2016. Results : The mechanism of somatic symptoms after the exposure was described as psychological and physiological aspects. Psychological mechanism consisted of psychodynamic theory, cognitive behavioral theory, and others. Physiological mechanism involved changes in neuroendocrine and immune system, autonomic nervous system and central nervous system. Somatization associated with psychological trauma manifested various health conditions on head and neck, chest, abdominal, musculoskeletal, and dermatological and immune system. Few studies described the standardization of treatment for the somatic symptoms. Conclusions : Clinicians and disaster behavioral health providers should think of the accompanying somatic symptoms during intervention of psychological trauma and PTSD. Further studies are needed on the somatic symptoms seen in psychological trauma and PTSD.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.499-508
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• 2019

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are primarily responsible for metastasis and recurrence, have self-renewal, differentiation, therapeutic resistance, and tumor formation abilities. Numerous studies have demonstrated the signaling pathways essential for the acquisition and maintenance of CSC characteristics, such as WNT/${\beta}$-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI1), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and TGF-${\beta}$ signals. However, few therapeutic strategies have been developed that can selectively eliminate CSCs. Recently, neutralizing antibodies against Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have shown promising outcomes in clinical trials of melanoma, lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer, as well as in hematologic malignancies. ICIs are considered to outperform conventional anticancer drugs by maintaining long-lasting anti-cancer effects, with less severe side effects. Several studies reported that ICIs successfully blocked CSC properties in head and neck squamous carcinomas, melanomas, and breast cancer. Together, these findings suggest that novel and effective anticancer therapeutic modalities using ICIs for selective elimination of CSCs may be developed in the near future. In this review, we highlight the origin and characteristics of CSCs, together with critical signaling pathways. We also describe progress in ICI-mediated anticancer treatment to date and present perspectives on the development of CSC-targeting ICIs.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.371-380
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• 2019

Electromygram was measured in three different cases; not wearing of a helmet, wearing of a 920g helmet, and wearing of a 1310g helmet, and it was revealed that there was a high level of muscle activities on the opposite side (sternocleidomastoid muscle) while the head and the neck were moving right and left and muscle activities of the curve and of the hyperextension were found to be not significant. Especially, the presence of a helmet seemed to cause a difference in a level of muscle activities on the deltoid and erector spine muscles while lifting or lowering with a weight placed on the deniz backboard. Therefore, it would be possible to assume that this newly developed smart helmet would not affect muscles around the necks of paramedics if they do not move their necks and heads right and left while lowering or lifting a patient using the deniz backboard. In addition, in case of the deltoid and erector spine muscles, it is shown that an increase in the degree of movement could lead to an increase in the level of muscle activities on the muscles controlling of the corresponding action, which are waist and back muscles. Despite it, it would be possible to prevent possible injuries and/or muscular and skeletal diseases around the lumbar by fully complying with a basic rule of straightening of the waist while making a power-lifting motion.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.119-123
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• 2019

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder with no breathing symptoms due to repetitive upper airway resistance. OSA is a disease that can have significant effects on the cerebral cardiovascular system. Active treatment is needed to prevent these complications. The use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the standard therapy of OSA, has comparative therapeutic effects. On the other hand, there is no comparison report of the polysomnography (PSG) results before and after CPAP therapy without using a mask. This paper reports a patient who was diagnosed as OSA and used CPAP every night for more than 2 years. The patient showed a decrease in the apnea-hypopnea index from 64.7/h to 12.9/h. In addition, other sleep-related indicators improved significantly. The daily use of CPAP as a treatment for OSA for more than 2 years may improve the PSG results. Constant follow up of PSG will be needed to adjust the appropriate CPAP pressure to patients because there might be a change in the Apnea-Hypopnea Index and other sleep-related indicators for constant CPAP users for at least 2 years.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.462-469
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• 2018

HSP90 regulates various proteins involved in differentiation and cell survival. Levels of HSP90 tend to increase during development of squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck including the mouth. Thus, many studies have been conducted to treat these cancers through suppression of HSP90. This study investigated the effect of two HSP90 inhibitors, geldanamycin and 17-AAG, on the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cell survival and cell cycle analyses, as well as western blot analysis, were performed with oral cancer cell lines, YD-10B and YD-38. After treatment with HSP90 inhibitors, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited. When YD-10B and YD-38 cells were treated with various concentrations of geldanamycin and 17-AAG (0, 0.1, 0.3, 1 and $10{\mu}M$) for 24 hr, the growth of YD-10B cells was markedly reduced compared to that of YD-38 cells. Thereafter, the cells were subjected to flow cytometry, which revealed G2 arrest. These results demonstrated that geldanamycin induced G2 arrest and inhibited cell proliferation through the $p-GSK-3{\beta}$ pathway in YD-10B and YD-38 cells, thus inhibiting cell survival. HSP90 inhibitors are therefore expected to have a therapeutic effect on various cancer cell lines.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2019

Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a heterogeneous group of inherited neuromuscular disorders, characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Severity of the disease ranges from mild to severe, and the disease is mostly caused by mutations in a number of genes. These genetic mutations cause lack of proteins which are essential for muscle cell stability. Muscle fibers are gradually replaced by fat and fibrous tissue. The muscles of the head and neck are affected in several types of MD that manifest as altered craniofacial morphology and dental malocclusion. A 3-year-10-month old, 15.0 kg boy with MD presented to Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea because of extensive carious teeth. A number of dental caries in primary dentition were identified during clinical oral examination. Due to dental anxiety and underlying systemic disease, general anesthesia was considered. General anesthesia was induced and maintained with intravenous anesthetics, propofol and remifentanil. Caries treatments - resin restoration, pulpectomy, zirconia crown restoration, stainless steel crown restoration - were performed. Under general anesthesia, successful dental procedure was done. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) was performed instead of inhalation anesthesia in order to avoid risk of complications such as malignant hyperthermia and life-threatening rhabdomyolysis. With decreasing muscle function, plaque control becomes more difficult and leads to gingivitis. Especially, the open-mouth posture worsens gingivitis and can leads to malocclusions and problems in swallowing. Regular and periodic dental care is essential for maintaining oral health for patients with MD.