• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.237-241
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• 2009

Yangyang Gangwon-do has begun the clearing of upland forested areas for development. This process has caused great damage from natural hazards such as landslides and flooding for many years. Moreover, proper hazard prevention strategies have not Yet been prepared. To provide useful information for developing hazard prevention strategies this study attempted to detect areas vulnerable to flooding in Yangyang using data such as topology, meteorology, history, land use, soil, hydrology, and society. It was found that roughly 30% of the study area was vulnerable to flooding. Also it was discovered that where the vulnerability index was high, there was increased amounts of flooding. The most vulnerable areas were where forests were cut and near livers. In addition, areas where frequent hazard events were reported had a high index of vulnerability. The results of this study will provide useful information in developing hazard prevention strategies.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.430-439
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• 2010

Inundation of roads by heavy rainfall has attracted more attention than traffic accidents, traffic congestion, and construction because it simultaneously causes travel delays and threatens driver safety. For these reasons, in this paper, we propose an inundation hazard index (IHI) of road links, which shows the possibility of inundation of road links caused by rainfall. To generate the index, we have used two key data sources, namely the digital elevation model (DEM) and past rainfall records of when inundation has occurred. IHI is derived by statistically analyzing the relationships between the normalized relative height of the road links calculated from DEM within the watershed and past rainfall records. After analyzing the practical applicability of the proposed index with a commercial car navigation system through a set of tests, we confirmed that the proposed IHI could be implemented to choose safer routes, with reduced chances of encountering roads having inundation risks.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.37-39
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• 2001

As the preliminary data collection for further chemical risk assessment. toxicants rating works is now rather extensively implemented in China. It consists of two parts, ie., rating of the hazard level of the exposed toxicant and that of the toxicant's profession. In the first part, the rating are based on six criteria, ie., acute toxicity, incidence of acute poisoning, prevalence of chronic poisoning, consequence of chronic poisoning, carcinogenecity and MAC level. Four hazardous levels are to be classified as extreme, high, medium, mild. In the second part. three determinants as weighted coefficients are taken into account, ie., toxicant's hazard level. exposure time and folds of MAC surpassing. Eventually, the index of classification C by which the work with toxic hazard can be classified is able to be calculated and assessed. Several comments were discussed and new recommendations were demonstrated.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.457-467
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• 2022

Drought has strong local characteristics, an objective definition or standard that can define the progress or severity of drought is needed and to date, many drought-related studies are being conducted around the world. In this study, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), which is a representative meteorological drought index, was calculated, and the drought risk index (DRI) that can consider actual drought was applied to the target area, Uiryeong-gun, by applying the drought vulnerability index (DVI) and the drought hazard index (DHI). A method for practical drought evaluation that can establish a water supply system is presented in this study.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.141-150
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• 2000

In this study liquefaction hazard potential was assessed by modified Seed and Idriss method and maps of liquefaction hazard potential utilized by LPI(Liquefaction Potential Index) and FE(Equivalent Liquefaction Factor of Safety) were constructed in two dimensional space, Comparisons of liquefaction hazard maps assessed by LPI and FE are represented to verify the FE method proposed in this study. Based on the results of comparing liquefaction hazard map using LPI and FE there is similar distribution trend of zonation indices. from the result of comparison of liquefaction hazard maps of FE base using Hachinohe and ofunato PGA(Peak ground Acceleration) data at one site of port and harbor in Korea the values of FE in liquefaction hazard map using Hachinohe data are underestimated. And in the view of quantitative analysis FE is more convenient than LPI because types of results from FE are factor of safety that widely used in geotechnical practice and aseismic design standard for port and harbor in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.5-24
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to develop an accident hazard index model in order to be used for the evaluation of regional traffic safety and to develop a driver violation index model in order to identify the primary causes of traffic accidents. The accident hazard index model was developed considering the accident rates based on population and the vehicle registration. The driver violation index model was developed considering the accident rates of each item of driver violation. Using the models developed in this study, it is identified that in the provincial level analysis the degree of the traffic safety of Chungbuk, Chungnam, and Kyungbuk Province are evaluated to be low. In the county level analysis of Kyungnam Province, the degree of the traffic safety of Yangsan, Euirung, Haman, Sachun and Tongyung County are evaluated to be low. Also, it is found that the major driver violations causing accidents in the nation are driving by unlicensed drives, improper passing, and improper railroad crossing : in Kyungnam Province, improper passing is the most driver violation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.2 s.62
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

The aim of the research is to estimate the effect of smoke and combustion gases on humane body indirectly through measuring the toxicity of those. For this purpose, the toxic index of smoke and combustion gases was investigated by smoke hazard test and analysis of smoke which were conducted by KS F 2271 and NES 713 method respectively. It i s proved by KS F 2271 method that PASCON trough is suitable to the testing standard of interior material and construction of building. In addition, it is identified by NES 713 method that combustion gases occurring in PASCON product were only carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, and the smoke index of those was 0.944. This value means that the hazard effect of smoke gases on humane ! body can possibly happens when exposed to the smoke gases for more than 30 min. In aspect of the domestic situation that have not regulated the hazard estimation and the emissions of smoke when the flame retarding ability of the products have been requested, the toxic indexes of PASCON products are comparatively low.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.755-767
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• 2014

Chlorine is one of the most produced and most used non-flammable chemical substances in the world even though its toxicity and high reactivity cause the ozone layer depletion. However, in modern life, it is impossible to live a good life without using Chlorine and its derivatives since they are being used as an typical ingredient in more than 40 percent of the manufactured goods including medicines, detergents, deodorant, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, and plastic, etc. Even if Chlorine has been handled and distributed in various business (small and medium-sized businesses, water purification plants, distribution company, etc.), there have been few researches about its possible health hazard and transportation risks. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to make a detailed assessment of Chlorine-related risks and to model an index of chemicals transportation risks that is adequate for domestic circumstances. The assessment of possible health hazard and transportation risks was made on 13 kinds of hazardous chemicals, including liquid chlorine. This research may be contributed to standardizing the risk assessment of Chlorine and other hazardous chemicals by using an index of transportation risks.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.600-608
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• 2017

Hazard risk of explosion on pharmaceutical raw materials dust in pharmaceutical industry often exists when it is handled or processed in the industrial sites, and explosion accident is caused by this. In this study, the dust explosion characteristics of the three pharmaceutical raw materials samples were measured. The main explosion characteristics are as follows: $P_{max}$, MIE and MIT of loxoprofen acid having $5.31^{\circ}C$ of median diameter are obtained 8.4 bar, 1 mJ < MIE < 3 mJ and $550^{\circ}C$. $P_{max}$, MIE and MIT of camphorsulfonate having $95.63^{\circ}C$ of median diameter are obtained 7.9 bar, 30 mJ < MIE < 100 mJ and $510^{\circ}C$. $P_{max}$, MIE and MIT of rifampicine having $26.48^{\circ}C$ of median diameter are obtained 7.9 bar and 1 mJ < MIE < 3 mJ and $470^{\circ}C$. The deflagration index ($K_{st}$) and the explosion index (EI) were obtained by using these data. The explosion hazard assessment of pharmaceutical raw materials dust was compared and examined. As a result, the explosion hazard assessment according to deflagration index and explosion index were the explosion class with St 2 and the explosion hazard rating of severe for loxoprofen acid & rifampicine and St 1 and strong for clopidogrel camphorsulfonate, respectively.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 2018

The The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual liquefaction occurrence site in Pohang area and to analyze the ground characteristics of Pohang area using the data of the National Geotechnical Information DB Center and to calculate the liquefaction potential index. Based on the results, the distribution of soil classification in Pohang area and the risk of liquefaction under various earthquake accelerations were prepared. As a result of the study, soils in Pohang has the soil characteristics that can cause the site amplification phenomenon. In the analysis through liquefaction hazard maps under earthquake scenarios, it is found that the liquefaction occurred in the area of Heunghae town is more likely to be liquefied than other areas in Pohang. From these results, it is expected that the study on the preparation of liquefaction hazard maps will contribute to the preparation of countermeasures against liquefaction by predicting the possibility in the future.