• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2014

Scuticociliates are regarded as serious pathogens in marine aquaculture worldwide. In Korea, they cause mass-mortalities in fish such as the commercially important olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. In particular, mixed infections of scuticociliates with pathogenic bacteria have been commonly reported. During efforts to identify natural marine-algae derived products that possess anti-bacterial and anti-scuticociliate properties, we found that an 80% methanolic extract of the red alga Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey exhibits both anti-scuticociliate activity against Miamiensis avidus, which is a major causative agent of scuticociliatosis, and anti-bacterial activities against fish pathogenic bacteria. Activity-guided fractionation and isolation of the 80% methanolic extract of P. morrowii yielded three bromophenols, which were identified as 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (1), 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2) and urceolatol (3) based on spectroscopic analyses. 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (1) showed the highest anti-bacterial and anti-scuticociliate activities, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of $62.5{\mu}g/mL$ (against Vibrio anguillarum) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC) of 62.5 ppm (in seawater). Investigations of the anti-bacterial and anti-scuticociliate activities of seventeen bromophenol derivatives, including the three isolated natural bromophenols, showed that the existence of an electron donating group or atom with a non-covalent electron pair at $C_4$ of the 2-bromophenol structure may be important in anti-scuticociliate activity. These findings suggest that the extract and bromophenol derivatives of P. morrowii may provide useful alternatives in aquaculture anti-scuticociliate therapies.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.26-48
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• 2010

최근 정부는 '녹색성장'의 기치 아래 일련의 에너지관련 계획과 전략들을 추진하고자 한다. 이러한 정부의 에너지 정책에 대해 여러 측면에서 비판적 검토가 있었지만 이러한 정책이 추동되는 구조적 배경에 대해서는 제대로 고찰되지 않았다. 이 논문은 현정부의 '녹색성장' 전략과 그 일환으로 추진되는 에너지정책을 신자유주의화과정으로 이해한다. 특히 정부의 에너지 정책은 에너지의 산업화, 시장화, 기술화, 금융화를 기본적 특성으로 하고 있으며 이로 인해 많은 세부 문제들을 유발하고 있다. 이러한 '녹색성장' 전략은 지속가능한 발전 모형과는 거리가 멀고 하비가 신자유주의화의 전형으로 제시한 '탈취에 의한 축적'의 개념으로 해석된다. 정부의 '녹색성장' 전략과 에너지 정책은 환경보전과 경제성장 간 모순 시장 메커니즘과 국가 개입 간 갈등을 중재할 수 있는 시민(사회)의 역할을 부정한다는 점에서 '녹색성장' 전략에 대한 대안은 시민이 참여하는 시민사회 주도형 에너지 정책을 지향해야 할 것이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2017

Background Upper extremity soft tissue defects with complete circumferential involvement are not common. Coupled with the unique anatomy of the upper extremity, the underlying etiology of such circumferential soft tissue defects represent additional reconstructive challenges that require treatment to be tailored to both the patient and the wound. The aim of this study is to review the various options for soft tissue reconstruction of complete circumferential defects in the upper extremity. Methods A literature review of PubMed and MEDLINE up to December 2016 was performed. The current study focuses on forearm and arm defects from the level at or proximal to the wrist and were assessed based on Tajima's classification (J Trauma 1974). Data reviewed for analysis included patient demographics, causality, defect size, reconstructive technique(s) employed, and postoperative follow-up and functional outcomes (when available). Results In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 14 unique articles were identified for a total of 50 patients (mean=28.1 years). Underlying etiologies varied from extensive thermal or electrical burns to high impact trauma leading to degloving or avulsion, crush injuries, or even occur iatrogenically after tumor extirpation or extensive debridement. Treatment options ranged from the application of negative pressure wound dressings to the opposite end of the spectrum in hand transplantation. Conclusions With the evolution of reconstructive techniques over time, the extent of functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of these complex upper extremity injuries has also improved. The proposed management algorithm comprehensively addresses the inherent challenges associated with these complex cases.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2010

Species Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty, Kappaphycus striatum (Schmitz.) Doty and Eucheuma denticulatum (N. L. Burman) Collins et Harvey, which was brought to Vietnam from Japan in 1993 and Coco island, Martan Sea, Cebu, Philippines in 2005 have been cultivated in the different coasts of South Central Vietnam. Their growth rates and physical properties of carrageenan, then, were analyzed. The obtained results showed that the growth rate of E. denticulatum and K. striatum strains is higher than those of K. alvarezii. Species of K. striatum could grow over wide range of temperature and tolerate more strongly to high temperature compared with K. alvarezii, but their content and gel strength of kappa-carrageenan were almost the same and high. For purpose of the Kappahycus cultivation farms with stable and high production all year round (especially in the seawaters of shallow, semi-closed Lagoons where the water movement is not good and with high temperature in the hot season), mixed cropping of K. alvarezii and K. striatum as seeds stock during different cropping seasons was established. Our results suggested that K. alvarezii and K. striatum could be grown in the cool season (from Oct. to next March) with the same and high content and gel strength of kappa - carrageenan, but in the hot season need to chose K. striatum for cultivation only (from Apr. to Sept.).

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2020

In this study, the risk factors of coastal purse seine fisherman were analyzed through a survey of fishery workers of coastal purse seine fishery and the accident compensation insurance data of the fisheries workers of the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives (NFFC). The classified fishing operation accident data was analyzed through 4M (Man, Machine, Media, Management) model of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the accident prevention measures were presented using Harvey's 3E (Engineering, Education, Enforcement) model. The rate of accidents on coastal purse seinens each year was 75.8‰, 36.7‰ and 74.8‰ from 2015 to 2017. The accident frequency resulting from slipping was the highest, and the risk of a contact with gear was low. When comparing each insurance data, the average value of the contact with gear accident was the highest. This research result is expected to be important data in identifying and preventing safety hazards of coastal purse seiner fisherman in the future.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 1994

전복을 육상에서 사육하기 위한 시설형태 및 적절한 사육밀도의 구명을 위해 수조형태 및 수용밀도별 사육실험을 한 결과 1. 수조형태, 단별에 따른 성장과 생존율의 차리는 인정되지 않았고, 유수식과 순환식사육의 비교에서는 유수식의 성장도와 생존율이 좋았다. 2. 수조단수별 (3단)에 따른 성장과 생존율의 차이가 인정되지 않아 동일량의 사육수로 단위면적 당 3배의 생산이 가능하였다. 3. 밀도별실험에서 $1000-2000마리/m^2$로 수용한 각장 약 20mm치패는 수용밀도에 따른 성장 차가 없었지만, 각각 200-600, 100-300마리의 밀도로 수용한 각장 약 40mm와 50mm의 치패는 수용밀도가 낮을수록 성장이 빨랐다. 4. 일간섭식률과 사료전환효율은 밀도가 낮을수록 높았고, 치패 크기가 작을수록 높았다

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2018

Objective: Due to the threat of global warming, the livestock industry is increasingly interested in exploring how feed additives may reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, especially from ruminants. This study investigated the effect of Rhodophyta supplemented bovine diets on in vitro rumen fermentation and rumen microbial diversity. Methods: Cannulated Holstein cows were used as rumen fluid donors. Rumen fluid:buffer (1:2; 15 mL) solution was incubated for up to 72 h in six treatments: a control (timothy hay only), along with substrates containing 5% extracts from five Rhodophyta species (Grateloupia lanceolata [Okamura] Kawaguchi, Hypnea japonica Tanaka, Pterocladia capillacea [Gmelin] Bornet, Chondria crassicaulis Harvey, or Gelidium amansii [Lam.] Lamouroux). Results: Compared with control, Rhodophyta extracts increased cumulative gas production after 24 and 72 h (p = 0.0297 and p = 0.0047). The extracts reduced methane emission at 12 and 24 h (p<0.05). In particular, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that at 24 h, ciliate-associated methanogens, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens decreased at 24 h (p = 0.0002, p<0.0001, and p<0.0001), while Fibrobacter succinogenes (F. succinogenes) increased (p = 0.0004). Additionally, Rhodophyta extracts improved acetate concentration at 12 and 24 h (p = 0.0766 and p = 0.0132), as well as acetate/propionate (A/P) ratio at 6 and 12 h (p = 0.0106 and p = 0.0278). Conclusion: Rhodophyta extracts are a viable additive that can improve ruminant growth performance (higher total gas production, lower A/P ratio) and methane abatement (less ciliateassociated methanogens, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens and more F. succinogenes.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 1998

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 한국증권시장에서 대표적 대용시장(代用市場)포트폴리오인 한국종합주가지수(韓國綜合株價指數)와 동일가중지수(同一加重指數)의 효율성에 대한 검증을 Hansen(1982)의 다변량의 GMM에 의하여 실시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저, 주식수익률자료(株式收益率資料)에 근거한 산업별(産業別)포트폴리오수익률과 초과시장수익률모형(超過市場收益率模型)의 오차항(誤差項)이 정규분포(正規分布)를 벗어남을 증명함으로써 GMM검증방법(檢證方法)의 정당성을 찾고자 하였다. 정규분포에 대한 검증방법(檢證方法)으로서 왜도와 첨도의 검증과 이를 결합한 Jarque-Bera(1980)검증(檢證)을 실시하였다. 둘째로, Hansen(1982)의 GMM을 대용시장(代用市場)포트폴리오의 효율성(效率性) 검증(檢證)에 적용하는 방법에 대한 연구들인 Mackinlay-Richardson(1991), Harvey-Zhou(1993)와 Campbell-Lo-Mackilay(1997) 등을 기초로하여 이들의 방법론을 개선한 3가지의 효율성(效率性) 검증방법(檢證方法)을 제시하였다. 셋째로, 이상의 검증방법(檢證方法)들을 토대로 1980년 1월부터 1997년 6월까지 월별주식수익률(月別株式收益率)의 자료(資料)를 11업종으로 분류하여 산업별(産業別)포트폴리오수익률(收益率)과 초과시장수익률모형(超過市場收益率模型)에 의한 오차항(誤差項)이 정규분포(正規分布)를 따르는지와 아울러 대용시장(代用市場)포트폴리오의 효율성을 검증하였다. 검증결과(檢證結果), 산업별(産業別)포트폴리오수익률과 오차항(誤差項)은 대부분 정규성이 기각(棄却)되어 GMM검증방법(檢證方法)의 정당성이 입증되었다. 따라서 GMM에 의한 효율성(效率性)을 검증한 결과, 한국종합주가지수(韓國綜合株價指數)의 경우에는 평균-분산(平均-分散)프론티어(mean-variance frontier)상(上)에서의 대용시장(代用市場)포트폴리오의 효율성(效率性)은 기각(棄却) 할 수 없는 것으로 나타났으나 평균수익률(平均收益率)이 GMVP의 수익률보다 낮았기 때문에 효율적(效率的) 프론티어(efficient frontier)상(上)의 대용시장(代用市場)포트폴리오의 효율성(效率性)은 기각(棄却)되어 대용시장지수로서의 문제점이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 동일가중지수(同一加重指數)는 평균수익률이 GMVP의 수익률보다 높을 뿐만아니라 효율적(效率的) 프론티어상(上)의 대용시장(代用市場)포트폴리오의 효율성(效率性)도 채택되어 한국종합주가지수(韓國綜合株價指數)보다 우월한 지수(指數)인 것으로 나타났다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.366-373
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• 2014

Background The advent of skin-sparing mastectomy has allowed for the reconstruction of the breast and nipple with improved cosmesis. However, the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) in Asian patients is more pigmented and scars easily. Therefore, commonly described incisions tend to result in poor aesthetic outcomes in Asian patients with breast cancer. Methods We describe an algorithmic approach to skin-sparing mastectomy incisions in Asian patients on the basis of the location of the biopsy scar and the tumor site and size. Four incision types are described: peri-areolar, a peri-areolar incision with a second distant skin paddle, "racquet handle," and peri-areolar with adjacent skin excision. Results 281 immediate breast reconstructions were performed between May 2001 and February 2012 after skin-sparing mastectomy. The mastectomy incisions used included the peri-areolar design (n=124, 44%), peri-areolar design with a second distant skin paddle (n=39, 14%), "racquet handle" (n=21, 7.5%), and peri-areolar design with adjacent skin excision (n=42, 14%). The traditional elliptical incision and other variants where the NAC outline was not preserved were performed in the remaining 55 patients. The average follow-up was 44.7 months during which there was 1 case of total flap loss and 7 cases of partial flap necrosis; all remaining flaps survived. 24% of the patients (68/281) underwent subsequent nipple reconstruction. Conclusions Our algorithm avoids breast incisions that are randomly placed or excessively long and prevents the unnecessary sacrifice of normal breast skin. This allows skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction to be performed with a consistently achievable aesthetic result in Asian women without neglecting oncological safety.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.429-442
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• 1993

Serpulina(S) hyodysenteriae B 204 strain이 생산한 세포독소에 의한 장점막의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 일반사육조건에서 사육된 8주령, 수컷 잡종돼지 2마리의 결장을 외과적으로 결찰한 계제(loop)를 이용하여 실험하였다. Serpulina균을 trypticase soy broth(TSB)에 배양하여 결찰한 결장계제 4곳에 각각 멸균한 Serpulina균 TSB, 여과한 Serpulina균 TSB, 세척한 Serpulina균, 무처치 Serpulina균 TSB를 접종하였다. 점막조직을 접종(p.i.) 24, 48시간 후에 채취한 후 처리하여 주사전자현미경과 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 여과한 Serpulina균 TSB를 접종한 경우는 변화가 관찰되지 않았으나 세척한 Serpulina균을 접종한 경우는 무처치 Serpulina균 TSB를 접종한 부위에서 나타난 것과 유사한 초기변화가 관찰되었다. 본 실험의 결과는 Serpulina균의 세포독소가 실험적 감염시 초기병변형성에 별로 기여하지 않음을 시사하였다. Serpulina균의 독소가 병변을 야기하는데 관여하는 기전은 밝혀지지 않았다.