• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 1992

1. The dental technicians are worn to a frazzle by a hard work. Therfore, the term of manufacturing denture should be prolonged as 4$\sim$5 days. 2. The dental technicians work under the harmful environments. It should be improved the working conditions for the dental technicians. 3. In case of the women dental technicians, they feel like being treated discriminality. It should be take over a portion of the work in dental laboratory as the accountant' section and the technical section. 4. It should be abolished a pressent instruction dentist system.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1996

한 종합병원의 작업환경에 존재하는 건강저해인자를 평가함으로써 종사원들의 건강보호와 작업능률 향상에 기여하고자 조사연구를 실시하였다. 병원건물의 구조와 업무내용으로 보아 작업환경의 대표가 될 것으로 보이는 27개 부서를 선정하여 1993년 10월부터 1994년 10월까지 작업환경에 대한 종사원의 설문과 현장조사 및 측정을 실시하였다. 설문을 통하여 종사원들이 느끼는 건강저해인자에의 노출상태를 양호(A), 보통(B), 미흡(C), 불량(C)로 분류하고, 현장조사와 측정에 의한 각 인자의 노출상태를 양호(a), 보통(b), 미흡(c),불량(d)으로 분류하여 노출되고 있는 종사원의 분포를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 작업환경 측정결과 조도는 전체대상자 240명의 근로자 중 c등급 이하의 전반조도에 노출된 종사원은 86명(36%), c등급 이하의 국소조도에 노출된 종사자는 193명(80%)이었고, 온열조건에 관한 측정결과 c등급 이하의 환경에의 노출자가 34명(14%), c등급 이하의 소음환경에 180명(75%)이 노출되고 있었다. 공기 중의 먼지량과 톨루엔의 측정결과 c등급 이하의 환경에 노출된 사람은 없었으며, 외부의 자료와 노출상태를 조사한 결과 방사선과 항암제/항생제에 의한 c등급 이하의 환경에의 노출자도 없는 것으로 평가되었다. 2. 건강저해인자에 대하여 종사원이 느끼는 노출 정도(A, B, C, D등급)와 현장조사와 측정으로 확인된 노출 정도(a, b, c, d 등급)는 차이가 많아서, 특히 조도에서는 종사원이 저해환경을 과소평가하고, 공기 중 먼지에서는 과대평가가 심했으며, 온열조건, 소음, 방사선, 톨루엔, 항암제, 항생제에의 노출은 조사된 결과보다 나쁘게 느끼는 경향이 있었다. 3.설문에서 호소하는 소음의 증류로는 사람 말소리가 179명, 실내장비소리가 131명의 순이었으며, 실내공기 중 먼지의 종류로는 사람들의 옷먼지 108명, 건물먼지 79명의 순으로 많았다. 4. 설문에서 C등급 이하의 마취제에의 노출자가 28명, 알칼리/산에의 노출자가 10명, 약진에의 노출자가 6명이었으나 이들에 대한 측정이 불가능하여 평가할 수 없었다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

This study was carried out on the process of natural dye substances which can flock ultraviolet rays without producing harmful substances by pollution, germs, etc. While making human body safe in contact, extracting Gardenia, Sappan wood, Radix scutellariae, Cromwell, Mugwort, Gallnut, Lac. Those are used for curing diseases, dyeing silk cloth with those extracts, and examining the color fastness, Ultraviolet protection. From this study, the following conclusion was produced. Brightness was lower in pre-mordanting than in post. And color difference showed that Radix scutellariae was the highest. Aluminum-mordanting showed a higher color difference than Fe. Colorfastness to washing was high in all samples, and the degree of color-changing by washing was the highest in the sample dyed by gardenia, pre-mordanted gallnut showed the highest degree. Colorfastness to perspiration was the highest in gardenia. UV-A test showed that all samples a high rate of 85% or higher compared with test white cloth. Especially, post-mordanted radix scutellariae, pre-mordanted gallnut and post-mordanted sappanwood showed a superior blocking rate.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.43-70
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• 2004

This research was conducted to provide basic document on efficient health promotion behavior program that elementary school students can use from elementary school course to enhance health promotion behavior for healthy life by checking out the degree of the most influential factor for health promotion behavior about elementary school students who establish lifelong health habit, and by checking out the relation between the degree of self-efficacy and health promotion behavior. The number of subjects of this research was 598. They were all elementary school students from the sixth grade students of the 5 cities of the Kyeong Nam province. We conducted questionnaires and did statistical analyses by using 592 papers which were suitable for date analyses with SPSS. The conclusions were as follows; A. The degree of self-efficacy The degree of self-efficacy of elementary school students was more than average. The degree of self-efficacy on physical activity was the highest and the degree of self-efficacy on self-fulfillment was the lowest. The degree of self-efficacy of girl students was comparatively higher than that of boy students. When their parents got higher education, made a lot of money and kept harmony with their children, the degree of self-efficacy became high. Furthermore, when their parents or themselves have a lot of interest in health, they feel that they are healthy, and they feel that they are satisfied with their bodies, the degree of self-efficacy was high too. B. The degree of health promotion behavior Although the degree of health promotion behavior of elementary school students was a bit lower than the degree of self-efficacy, it was higher than average. The degree of health promotion behavior on physical activity was the highest. But the degree of health promotion behavior on health of their own was the lowest. The degree of health promotion behavior between girl students and boy students was the same. When their parents got higher education, made a lot of money and kept harmony with their children, the degree of self-efficacy became high. Furthermore, when their parents or themselves have a lot of interest In health, they feel that they are healthy, and they feel that they are satisfied with their bodies, the degree of self-efficacy was high too. C. The relation between self-efficacy and health promotion behavior When the degree of self-efficacy was high, the degree of health promotion behavior was high too. So there was high positive relationship between self-efficacy and health promotion behavior. Physical activity showed the highest relationship. The order of strong relationship run as follows. Relationship with others, self-fulfillment, management of stress. The higher self-efficacy which was a recognizable factor on health behavior, the higher the degree of health promotion behavior. It is being revealed that many modem chronic diseases are cause by accumulated careless attitude on harmful health habit and lack of self-control. The behavior of keeping healthy and enhancing health is more firm when they have high self-efficacy which is believing their own conviction. So, When we teach elementary school students health promotion education at school, we should try to enhance their own self-efficacy rather than just instill simple information about health. By doing so, we can help them change their attitude on health. Then, they could enjoy life-long healthy life.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1997

It is the problem point of stability for this study to produce cosmetics and to occur in the circulation process, and specially in a case of alcoholic toilet water the precipitation materials to float on content materials has study on the solubility of perfume, and it has practiced in order to examine the problem point whether the raw materials of plastic vessel is or not harmful in content materials. In testing result, A study on stability of alcoholic toilet water is above all the precipitation materials which floats in content materials, and It is appeared by combination ratio to the raw materials of perfume, ethanol, solubilizer and refining water etcs, and in second the alkali degree which has gushed out of glass vessel can understand the thing that the change of PH is largely increased following to the passage of time, and in third the harmful component of content materials out of raw material in plastics vessel must certainly consider a stability and a safety in quality control of products.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.275-284
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• 2003

구례지역의 1차 수계를 대상으로 하상퇴적물을 채취하여 지질집단별 주성분 및 미량성분원소의 자연배경치를 설정하고자 하였다. 하상퇴적물은 구례지형도에서 오염의 우려가 없고 단일지질로 구성된 집수분지를 대표할 수 있는 시료를 1999년 4월과 5월에 걸쳐 채취하였고 화학분석을 실시하였다 유해원소들의 부화정도를 알아보기 위해 tolerable level윽 이용하여 살펴본 결과 일부 지역에서 Ni과 Cr의 함량이 tolerable love의 허용한계치를 초과하는 것으로 나타나는데, 이는 이들 지역의 기반암인 변성암류의 영향으로 인한 것으로 판단된다. 유해금속원소의 종합적인 부화양상을 규명하기 위하여 tolerable level을 이용하여 부화지수를 산출한 격과, 화강편마암지역은 0.39, 반상변정질화강편 마암지역은 0.32, 흑운모편마암지역은 0.42, 혼성편마암지역은 0.41, 응회암지역은 0.30, 안산암지역은 0.46, 역암지역은 0.42, 화강암지역은 0.26으로 매우 낮은 부화지수를 보여주고 있는 것으로 보아 연구지역의 자연배경치는 유해금속원소의 오염에 노출되지 않은 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.254-268
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• 2020

This study examined the awareness, satisfaction, and usage patterns of 257 elementary school teachers for food labeling in Busan. The survey was conducted from April 15 to June 20, 2020, by questionnaires. The perception degree of food labeling was higher in female teachers than in male teachers and did not differ significantly among age groups. The score of the understanding degree was highest in their 20s and lowest in their 30s. The degree demand in their 50s was higher than in their 30s and 40s. The reliability degree in their 20s was higher than that of those in their 40s and 50s. The verification degree and satisfaction degree did not differ significantly with age or gender. The primary reason to check food labeling was 'to confirm harmful additives (31.9%)'. Among those in their 20s and 30s, the major reason for reviewing nutrition labeling was 'nutrient', while it was 'health improvement' was most important in those in their 40s and 50s. Of the subjects, 31.1% reported that the reason for the difficulty in understanding the label was 'various forms and the small letters'. The demand for the content was highest in trans fats. Apporximately 32.3% of the teachers were educated for food labeling; 42.4% of them taught food labeling, and 62.7% of them recognized the necessity of food labeling teaching. A correlation was observed between the demand for food labeling and understanding (r=0.586). Therefore, preparing education programs for teachers according to gender and age group and developing food additives-related programs will be necessary for strengthening the teachers' ability to manage their dietary life and educate students.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.33-54
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• 1995

The degree of conversion of composite resin was known to have influence on the mechanical properties of composite materials such as hardness, strength, wear resisitance, dimensional and color stability. Also unreacted monomer was reported to be harmful to the pulp. So the degree of conversion was a very important factor in the success of composite resin restorations. In recent, the dual cure resin cement was developed with the advocations that it could increase the curing rates in the sites where the curing ligt could not reach. Moreover many manufactors added some adhesive components in the resin cement. This study was undertaken to observe the effects of curing depth and light curing times on the degree of conversion of dual cure resin cements. CR INLAY CEMENT, DUAL CEMENT and OPTEC BOND, by the Fourier transform Infrared analysis, changing the curing depth 1mm, 2mm and 3mm, and varying the light curing time 20 seconds, 40 seconds and 80 seconds at each depth. The cytotoxicity of dual cure resin cements was tested by the in vitro MTT method using L929 cell. The results was evaluated and compared statistically. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The dual cure resin cements reavealed various degree of conversion, CR INLAY CEMENT and DUAL CEMENT had a tendency to be more reactive to the light cure and OPTEC BOND was a more chemical one. 2. CR INLAY CEMENT and DUAL CEMENT showed the lowest degree of conversion in 2 mm depth, and in 3mm depth the degree of conversion increased, which were due to the chemical cure of dual cures, but OPTEC BOND showed decreasing degree of conversion with increasing curing dept h and all experimental groups showed lower degree of conversion than CHEMICAL group which cured in dark room with no light, so the weak light-curing of dual cure resin cement prevented the chemical cure. (P<0.05) 3. CR INLAY CEMENT and DUAL CEMENT showed increasing degree of conversion in 1 mm and 3 mm, according to the increasing cure times, but in 2 mm depth the degree of conversion decreased with increasing light-curing times and OPTEC BOND showed contrary tendency, but there was no ststistical importance in the differences among the experimental group.(P>0.05) 4. The optical density by MTT assay of extractions of CR INLAY CEMENT, DUAL CEMENT and OPTEC BOND revealed no statitically important differences comparing with optical density of negative control.(P>0.05) 5. CR INLAY CEMENT showed a tendency of increaing cytotoxicity with days and DUAL CEMENT and OPTEC BOND showed higher cytotoxicity in 2 days than in 4 days, but there was no statistical importance in the differences.(P>0.05).

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.61-78
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 한국 대학생의 음주 행동과 데이트 폭력의 관계를 검증하였다. 연구 참여자는 이성과의 데이트 경험이 있는 440명의 대학생이었는데, 남학생이 184명이고 여학생이 256명이었다. 이들의 연령 분포는 17세에서 30세까지이었으며, 평균 연령은 20.08세(SD=1.89)였다. Straus의 갈등 책략척도(CTS), 알코올장애분류검사(AUDIT), Cooper의 음주동기 설문지(DMQ), 및 음주가족력목록(IFAU)을 참여자에게 주었다. 주요 통계분석은 2(성별) × 2(데이트 폭력 가해 경험) 이원변량분석 이었다. 분석 결과, 일주일에 한번 이상 술을 마시는 대학생이 그렇지 않은 대학생보다 데이트를 하면서 이성친구에게 폭력을 행할 가능성이 높았다. 여학생보다는 남학생들이 음주에 더 동기화가 되어 있었으며, 데이트 폭력 가해 경험이 있는 학생이 그렇지 않은 학생보다 대처동기를 가지고 술을 마시는 것으로 나타났다. 남학생은 여학생보다 문제음주, 즉 위험음주, 의존음주, 유해음주를 더 하고, 데이트 폭력 가해 경험이 있는 학생이 그렇지 않은 학생보다 문제음주를 더 하는 경향이 있었다. 또한, 데이트 폭력 가해 경험이 있는 학생이 그렇지 않은 학생보다 음주 가족력 검사에서 더 높은 점수를 보였다. 의존음주와 유해음주에는 성별과 데이트 폭력 가해 여부의 유의한 이원 상호작용이 발견되었다. 단순주효과 분석 결과, 데이트 폭력 가해 여부에 따른 의존음주 혹은 유해음주의 차이는 여성보다 남성에게서 더 현저하게 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.821-834
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• 2002

알렉산드륨 적조생물의 리보소옴 알엔에이 유전자의 ITS1, 2 및 5.8S부위를 대상으로 종간 혹은 종내의 유전적 다양도를 조사하기 위하여 지리적으로 격리된 33 스트레인 유전자의 염기서열를 비교했다. 진해만에서 분리된 AT-2, AT-6, AT-10, AT-A, AT-B 5클론은 일본종 OFX151-A과 동일한 유전자임을 발견했다. ITS부위에서 가장 짧은 종은 A. margalefi로 481 bp이며 가장 긴 종은 A. affine으로 528 bp로 나타났다. ITS1과 ITS2 염기서열에 대한 상호관계는 역으로 나타낸 반면에, G＋C 함량에 대한 상호관계는 플러스로 나타났다. 유전적 변이율은 0.3% (1 bp)에서 53% (305 bp)였다. A. tamarense과 가장 적게 유전적 변이율을 보인 종은 A. fundyense(1.2-2.3% ＝ 6-12 bp)인 반면에, A. catenella와는 큰 변이율 (19.8% ＝ 102 bp)을 보였고, A. catenella와 A. fundyense은 19.7% 상이하였다. 알렉산드륨 적조생물의 bootstrap은 약하게 지지되는 데도 불구하고, A. catenella 분리종은 독립적인 그룹으로 형성하여 상호간에는 강력한 bootstrap 값은 PAUP과 NJ 분석에서 보였다. A. cohorticula와 A. frateculus 적조생물은 항상 sub-group 내에서 높은 bootstrap을 가졌다. 결론적으로 ITS부위의 염기서열 분석은 알렉산드륨 적조생물의 집단내 혹은 집단간의 계통분류을 밝히는데 유용한 것으로 보였다.