• Title/Summary/Keyword: Hardwood fiber

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Studies on the Application of Arrowroots for the Use of Paper Fiber (Part 1) - Anatomical and Chemical Properties of Arrowroots - (칡뿌리의 섬유 자원화에 관한 연구(제 1보) - 칡뿌리의 해부학적 및 화학적 특성 -)

  • Jo, Hyun-Jin;Yoon, Seung-Lak;Hwang, Byung-Ho
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.57-64
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this research is to investigate the anatomical and chemical properties of arrowroots for the use of paper fibers. The cells consisting of arrowroots showed certain affinities with those in the fibers and vessels of hardwood. Its parenchyma cells showed different shapes with those of hardwood. It was observed that starch was filled in the multi-shape cells. The average width and length of arrowroot fibers were $15.2{\mu}m$ ($11.1-20.3{\mu}m$) and 1.9 mm (1.49 mm-2.31 mm), respectively. In the chemical characteristics of arrowroots, the contents of cold- and hot-water, alcohol-benzene, and alkali extractives were 12-17%, 15.6%, and 38.8%, respectively. Its chemical composition was 61.3% holocellulose, 15.5% lignin and 2.0% ash.

Elucidating soda and soda-anthraquinone pulping characteristics of Korean bamboo species (국내산 주요 죽종의 소다 및 소다-안트라퀴논 펄핑 특성 비교)

  • Lee, Kyu-Seong;Song, Woo-Yong;Shin, Soo-Jeong
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.48 no.3
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    • pp.44-50
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    • 2016
  • As a raw material for pulp and paper industry, Moso bamboo, Timber bamboo and Henon bamboo pulps were prepared by soda or soda-anthraquinone(Soda-AQ) pulping process. Soda-AQ pulp yields was higher in Henon bamboo (43.2%) than in Moso bamboo or Timber bamboo (32.7-39.2%), but quite lower than hardwood species. In Kappa number comparison, Henon bamboo pulp showed lower (16.6) with 50 min cooking to $170^{\circ}C$ than that of Moso bamboo (22.8) and Timber bamboo (18.9) with 90 min cooking to $170^{\circ}C$. Fiber length of Timber bamboo soda pulp had higher (1.46 mm) than that of Moso bamboo or Henon bamboo (1.18-1.36 mm). All three bamboo pulps showed longer average fiber length than commercial hardwood pulp. With higher pulp yield and lower Kappa number, Henon bamboo is better raw material for pulp than Moso bamboo and Timber bamboo.

Capillary Flow in Different Cells of Thuja orientalis, Gmelina arborea, Phellodendron amurense

  • Chun, Su Kyoung
    • Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.248-258
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    • 2017
  • A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood Thuja orientalis L., diffuse-porous wood Gmelina arborea Roxb., and ring-porous wood Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Longitudinal flow was considered from bottom to top while the radial flow was considered from bark to pith directions. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents(MC). The variation of penetration speed for different species was observed and the reasons behind for this variation were explored. The highest radial penetration depth was found in ray parenchyma of T. orientalis but the lowest one was found in ray parenchyma of P. amurense. The average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal trachied of T. orientalis was found the highest among all the other cells. The penetration depth in fiber of G. arborea was found the lowest among the other longitudinal cells. It was found that cell dimension and also meniscus angle of safranine solution with cell walls were the prime factors for the variation of liquid flow speed in wood. Vessel was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration for hardwood species. The penetration depth in vessel of G. arborea was found highest among all vessels. Anatomical features like ray parenchyma cell length and diameter, end-wall pits number were found also responsible fluid flow differences. Initially liquid penetration speed was high and the nit gradually decreased in an uneven rate. Liquid flow was captured via video and the penetration depths in those cells were measured. It was found that even in presence of abundant rays in hardwood species, penetration depth of liquid in radial direction of softwood species was found high. Herein the ray length, lumen area, end wall pit diameter determined the radial permeability. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Following a go-stop-go cycle, the penetration speed of a liquid decreased over time.

Estimation of the Chestnut Mass Transfer Coefficient through its Microscopic Structure - Chestnut Mass Transfer Coefficient through its Microscopic Structure -

  • Xu, Hui Lan;Chung, Woo-Yang
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.352-362
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    • 2012
  • Mass transfer behavior in wood was estimated through its microscopic structure. The diffusion coefficients which were decided by theoretical equations are influenced by different anatomical properties of wood. From the experiment, the moisture flux was linear to the square root of time. The diffusion coefficients had a regular tendency during the time elapse. During the modeling, it is necessary to understand the limitation of parameters and consider the particular situation to be simulated. In hardwood, because the apertures were not considered, tangential mass transfer simulation was totally different from experiment. As a result, a hardwood model design should consider the apertures which are even on the fiber walls.

Densified Pellet Fuel from Woody Core of Industrial Hemp (산업용 대마 목부를 이용한 고밀화 펠릿 연료 제조)

  • Shin, Soo-Jeong;Han, Gyu-Seong;Shim, Hwa-Seob;Ahn, Byeong-Kuk
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.221-224
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    • 2008
  • We made densified wood pellet by hemp woody core as replacing wood resource. Hemp was separated into the bast fiber and the woody core by hot steaming treatment. The hemp woody core had a similar lignin content and carbohydrate composition with hardwood. Also, the hemp had a low ash content, which resulted in a low ash formation in pellet burning. Heating value of the hemp pellet had a very similar to the pellet made by hardwoods. The hemp woody core can replace hardwood for densified wood pelletmaking.

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Characterization of Biometry and Chemical and Morphological Properties of Fibers from Bagasse, Corn, Sunflower, Rice, and Rapeseed Residues in Iran

  • Kiaei, Majid;Samariha, Ahmad;Kasmani, Jafar Ebrahimpour
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.75-82
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    • 2010
  • The biometry, morphological properties and chemical composition of bagasse, corn, sunflower, rice, and rapeseed residues plants were analyzed. The results revealed differences in biometry properties and chemical composition of the different types of agricultural resides investigated. The greatest proportion of fiber length (1.32 mm) and cellulose (55.56%) was found in residues of bagasse plants, with a low ash (1.78%) and lignin (20.5%). The lignin of all types of agricultural resides was less than hardwood and softwood. In addition, the rice and rapeseed residues plants had highest amount of ash and extractive component. The slenderness and flexibility ratios of the all types of agricultural resides fibers were similar to some of hardwood and softwood species.

Effect of Wood-Fiber Characteristics on Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) Performance

  • Park, Byung-Dae;Kim, Yoon-Soo;Riedl, Bernard
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.27-35
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    • 2001
  • Four different sources of wood-fibers from Eucalyptus, Italian poplar, hemlock, and mixed species fibers were used to study the influence of their fiber characteristics on the performance of medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels bonded with both urea-formaldehyde (UF) and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives. Included fiber characteristics were fiber length, size distribution, bulk density, and acidity. Physical and mechanical properties of MDF panels manufactured by dry process using these different fibers were determined for the comparison of board performance. Two hardwood species had a large fraction of short fibers resulting in a higher bulk density while very long hemlock fibers had lower bulk density. Fiber acidity was revealed to strongly affect the internal bond (IB) strength of MDF panels bonded with UF resins. MDF panels made from mixed species fibers showed highest IB strength of all panels prepared. UF-bonded MDF panels showed poor dimensional stability. In conclusion, the present study showed that wood-fiber characteristics such as fiber length, bulk density, and acidity affect the performance of MDF boards, and also suggested that fiber characteristics be considered for MDF panel manufacture.

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Comparison of Some Anatomical Characteristics between Eunsasi Poplar and Konara Oak

  • Ahmed, Sheikh Ali;Kim, Ae-Ju;Chong, Song-Ho;Chun, Su-Kyoung
    • Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.54-61
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    • 2010
  • This study was carried out to identify the differences of some macro and microanatomical features between Eunsasi poplar (Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee) and Konara oak (Quercus serrata Thunb.). Anatomical features such as vessel and fiber diameter, cross sectional area of ray parenchyma and endwall pit aperture diameter in ray parenchyma were compared. Differences of anatomical features between two species were found statistically significant. Earlywood vessel diameter in poplar and oak increased from pith to bark while it was found almost stable in latewood. Fiber diameter in poplar was higher than oak fiber. Ray area and the pit aperture diameter in endwall of ray parenchyma were found higher in oak than those in poplar.

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Effects of Kneading Concentration on Characteristics of HwBKP Fibers (니딩 처리 시 지료농도에 따른 활엽수표백크라프트펄프의 섬유특성 변화)

  • Seo, Ji-Hye;Choi, Kyoung-Hwa;Cho, Byoung-Uk
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.54-59
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    • 2015
  • In this study, effects of kneading concentration on characteristics of hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HwBKP) fibers were elucidated. A laboratory two-shaft kneader was utilized for kneading. Kneading concentration was varied in the range of 15-30% (w/w) and the number of kneading treatment was adjusted between 0 and 6 passes. It was found that kneading concentration influenced fiber characteristics. At 15% of pulp concentration, fiber length slightly increased with increasing the number of kneading passes, while other morphological properties such as fiber width and curl decreased: fiber straightening occurred. In addition, the increase in WRV and the decrease in CSF were the largest at 15% kneading concentration, meanings that fibrillation mainly occurred. In contrast, at higher kneading concentration exceeding 20%, fiber deformation like curl was mainly occurred. Also, at kneading concentration of 20% and 30%, fiber length decreased with the number of kneading passes while other morphological properties such as fiber width, and WRV increased. Severe fiber entanglement was found at 30% kneading, which shall be removed during papermaking.

Chemical Composition of Rice Hull and Morphological Properties of Rice Hull Fibers (왕겨의 화학적 조성 및 왕겨섬유의 형태적 특성)

  • Sung, Yong-Joo;Shin, Soo-Jeong;Oh, Min-Taek
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.22-28
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    • 2009
  • The rice hull could be the one of the most abundant agricultural waste in Korea. Since the efficient utilization of agricultural waste or byproducts of food industry would be critical for the sustainable growth, this study conducted the investigation of the chemical composition and the morphological properties of rice hull and rice hull fiber. It was found that there was big difference between the outer surface and the inner surface in the chemical composition and the morphological properties. Expecially, the outer surface showed the rugged patterns in which most of silica of rice hull existed. Little or no silica was found in the inner surface and rice hull fiber. The average fiber length of rice hull fiber was 0.45mm which was shorter than that of hardwood fiber. Rice hull fiber showed a round long shape which is typical shape of non-wood fibers