• Title/Summary/Keyword: Hardened Material

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A Study on the Turning of SCM440 Hardened Steel (SCM440 경화 처리강의 선삭저항에 관한 연구)

  • 정기영
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.102-107
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    • 1999
  • In this paper hardened SCM440 material and annealed SCM440 material are for cutting experiments by the cutting con-dition which is chosen respectively by tool three components of cutting force are recorded using multicorder, Then the surface roughness for various force are measured by Roughness Tester. The results of the experiment are summarized as follow. The hardened material cut by ceramic tool(BX20) gives the highest radial component values among the cutting resistance radial components is increased higher for the higher cutting speed even though vertical component and axial component tend to decrease. But when the annealed material was cut increase in cutting speed results in the increase of three component forces. Since ceramic insert tip used the experiment hardly affect Built-up Edge and heat the cutting resistance decrease slightly regardless of the increased of cutting speed. The hardened material has higher three compo-nent force value than the annealed material because the material of high hardness is increased cutting resistance. The low-est cutting forces for hardened material and annealed material are shown in the cutting speed of 60m/min and 180m/min. respectively.

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Effect of Ball End Mill Geometry and Cutting Conditions on Machinability of Hardened Tool Steel

  • Jang, Dong-Y.;Won, S.-T.
    • KSTLE International Journal
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 2002
  • Roughing of tool steel in its hardened state represents a real challenge in the die and meld industry and process improvement depends on research of tool material, coating technique, and lubrication. However, roughing of hardened steels generates extreme heat and without coolant flooding, tool material cannot withstand the high temperature without choosing the right tools with proper coating. This research conducted milling tests using coated ball end mills to study effects of cutting conditions and geometric parameters of ball end mills on the machinability of hardened tool steel. KP4 steel and STD 11 heat treated steels were used in the dry cutting as the workpiece and TiAIN coated ball end mills with side relief angle of 12$^{\circ}$ was utilized in the cutting tests. Cutting forces, tool wear, and surface roughness were measured in the cutting tests. Results from the experiments showed that 85 m/min of cutting speed and 0.32 mm/rev of feed rate were optimum conditions for better surface finish during rough cutting and 0.26mm/rev with the same cutting speed are optimum conditions in the finish cutting.

Probabilistic Analysis of Fatigue Behavior of Induction Hardened Steel (고주파 열처리된 SAE1055 강의 피로거동 및 이의 확률론적 평가)

  • Lee, Seon-Ho;Lee, Seung-Pyo;Kang, Ki Weon
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.429-436
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    • 2013
  • This study considers how the fatigue behavior and probabilistic properties of SAE1055 steel are related to its hardness level. SAE1055 steel was heat-treated using induction hardening. Five types of specimens were prepared (A: base material, B: through hardened material with HV390, C: through hardened material with HV510, D: through hardened material with HV700, and E: surface hardened material with HV700). Fatigue tests were performed under a stress ratio of R = -1 using a 4-point rotary bending fatigue tester. The fatigue behaviors were greatly influenced by the hardness, but the fatigue limit did not increase over a hardness of HV510. In addition, the effect of the hardness level on the failure mechanism was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. The probabilistic properties of the fatigue life were investigated using a probabilistic S-N approach, and the effect of the hardness level on these properties was evaluated using a residue analysis.

Reduced Finite Element Simulation of Cold Forging Processes Based on the Forming Experiment (성형실험을 통한 냉간단조 공정의 단축 유한요소 시뮬레이션)

  • Lee, Chung-Ho
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.6 no.5
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    • pp.395-399
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    • 1997
  • There exists a certain functional relation between Vickers hardness and flow stress in the strain-hardened material. Using this relation, the Vickers hardness values in the strain-hardened material can be converted into the flow stress values in good approximation. Therefore, the information about the flow stress distribution in the material can be easily acquired through a forming experiment. That makes it possible to simulate the process state for a critical moment of cold forging under the given boundary conditions very quickly without calculating the foregoing history of the actual deformation from the beginning.

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Utilization of Waste Glass Micro-particles in Producing Self-Consolidating Concrete Mixtures

  • Sharifi, Yasser;Afshoon, Iman;Firoozjaei, Zeinab;Momeni, Amin
    • International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.337-353
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    • 2016
  • The successful completion of the present research would be achieved using ground waste glass (GWG) microparticles in self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Here, the influences of GWG microparticles as cementing material on mechanical and durability response properties of SCC are investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the hardened mechanical properties, percentage of water absorption, free drying shrinkage, unit weight and Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) of binary blended concrete with partial replacement of cement by 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 wt% of GWG microparticles. Besides, slump flow, V-funnel, L-box, J-ring, GTM screen stability, visual stability index (VSI), setting time and air content tests were also performed as workability of fresh concrete indicators. The results show that the workability of fresh concrete was increased by increasing the content of GWG microparticles. The results showed that using GWG microparticles up to maximum replacement of 15 % produces concrete with improved hardened strengths. From the results, when the amount of GWG increased there was a gradual decrease in ASR expansion. Results showed that it is possible to successfully produce SCC with GWG as cementing material in terms of workability, durability and hardened properties.

Propagation Characteristics of Ultrasonic Wave of Surface Hardened SCM440 and SCM415 Steels (SCM440, SCM415강의 표면강화에 따른 초음파의 전파특성)

  • Park, Eun-Su;Gang, Gye-Myeong;Kim, Seon-Jin;Jang, Sun-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.3 no.5
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    • pp.538-545
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    • 1993
  • By using propagation characteristics of ultrasonic surface wave, the depth of the surface hardened layer of SCM440 steel with different high frequency induction heat treatments was measured and the same was done on the carburized SCM415 steel. The propagation velocity of surface wave was constant and independent of frequency in t.he specimens with identical microstructure, it was, however, decreased by 59m/s in the hardened layers compared to the unhardened part. From t.he relationship between the effective case depth and the wave length of surface wave, the depth of the hardened layer could be measured and evaluated nondestructively for both induction hardened and carburized steels.

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Characteristics of Surface Hardened Press Die Materials by CO2 Laser Beam Irradiation (CO2 레이저 빔 조사에 의한 프레스 금형재료의 표면경화 특성)

  • Yang, Se-Young;Choi, Seong-Dae;Choi, Myeong-Soo;Jun, Jae-Mok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.31-37
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    • 2011
  • Recently, the technology of surface treatment is being more important which affects the material cost reduction and substitution to the expensive material. The material used for the mechanical processing should have not only high intensity, but also strength toughness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. In order to increase the durability and have better quality of the parts using such kind of tooling material, various kinds of research of the surface hardening through many kinds of heat resources is being done and practically applied. In this study, the characteristics of hardening surface zone for high strength of the press die material through laser beam irradiation are researched. In this study, it is experimentally observed by the status of the surface morphology, tensile strength, the hardness distribution of the base metal and wear condition by the surface hardness pattern by the laser beam based on the process parameters of $CO_2$ laser by using SM45C and STD11 used for press tool. Through this research, the characteristics of surface hardened zone for high strength of the thin metal by laser beam irradiation is done.

Estimation of Hardened Layer Dimensions Using Multi-Point Temperature Monitoring in Laser Surface Hardening Processes (레이저 표면 경화 공정에서 다점 온도 모니터링을 통한 경화층 크기 예측)

  • 우현구
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • v.9 no.12
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    • pp.1048-1054
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    • 2003
  • In laser surface hardening processes, the geometrical parameters such as the depth and the width of a hardened layer can be utilized to assess the hardened layer quality. However, accurate monitoring of the geometrical parameters for on-line process control as well as for on-line quality evaluation is very difficult because the hardened layer is formed beneath a material surface and is not visible. Therefore, temperature monitoring of a point of specimen surface has most frequently been used as a process monitoring method. But, a hardened layer depends on the temperature distribution and the thermal history of a specimen during laser surface hardening processing. So, this paper describes the estimation results of the geometric parameters using multi-point surface temperature monitoring. A series of hardening experiments were performed to find the relationships between the geometric parameters and the measured temperature. Estimation results using a neural network show the enhanced effectiveness of multi-point surface temperature monitoring compared to one-point monitoring.

Effect of Concentration of Solution and Temperature on Water Flux by Semi-Permeability of Hardened Cement Paste (시멘트경화체의 반투과성에 의한 수분이동에 미치는 용액농도와 환경온도의 영향)

  • 배기선;오상근;김무한
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 1997.10a
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    • pp.131-136
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    • 1997
  • It is well known that concrete is typical porous material. We pay attention to Hansen's idea that concrete may be expected to act as semi-permeable membrane, and report the effect of concentration of solution and temperature on water flux in forward osmosis. In order to measuring volume of water flux from distilled water to solution of sodium chloride through hardened cement paste, specially designed apparatus was constructed, and the following result were obtained: (1) hardened cement paste acts as semi-permeable membrane, consequently, water flux in forward osmosis may occur. (2) Rate of water flux is proportion to concentration of dilute solution, and this suggests hardened cement paste is agreeable to the theory of membrane. (3) Effect of temperature on water flux is agreeable to Arrehenius equation and is great.

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A Study on the Performance of CBN Tools in the Machining of Hardened Die-Materials by High-Speed face Milling (금형용 고경도재의 고속정면밀링 가공시 CBN 공구의 성능에 관한 연구)

  • 조성실;임근영;김태영
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 1996.11a
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    • pp.26-30
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    • 1996
  • This paper presents the performance of CBN tools in the machining of hardened die-materials, SKD11 and SKD61 steel with HRC 50, by high-speed face milling. Generally, grinding or EDM is being used in machining of hardened materials but the cost is very high. If those can be replaced by cutting, it will be a greatly economical advantage. CBN tool has been recognized as an effective tool in turning, but it has not been in milling. So wear and surface roughness mode of CBN tool for hardened SKD11 and SKD61 steel were investigated by high-speed face milling in this study Also the relation between cutting force and wear mode of CBN tools was investigated.

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