• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2011

본 연구는 한우의 거세유무 및 도축월령에 따른 비육능력 및 도체의 이화학적 특성 비교를 구명하기 위하여 생후 13개월령의 비육한우 36두(비거세한우 18두 - 3처리 ${\times}$6두; 거세한우 18두 - 3처리 ${\times}$두)를 공시하여 생후 26개월, 28개월, 및 30개월령까지 비육한 후, 도체특성, 도체의 이화학적 특성 및 지방산 조성을 조사하였다. 도체의 냉도체중은 도축월령이 길어짐에 따라 비거세우와 거세우 모두 증가하였다(p<0.05). 등지방 두께에서 비거세우군은 28개월령이, 거세우군은 30개월령이 가장 두껍게 나타났고(p<0.05), 배최장근 단면적에서 비거세우군과 거세우군 모두 28개월령 때가 가장 넓게 나타났다(p<0.05). 근내지방도, 가열감량 및 보수력은 양 처리군 모두 30 개월령 도축할 때 가장 높았고(p<0.05), 비육기간이 길어질수록 높아지는 경향이었다. 전단력의 경우 비거세우군은 30개월령일 때에, 거세우군에서는 28개월령에 높았다. 도체의 불포화 지방산(unsaturated fatty acid, UFA)은 양 처리군에서 28개월령과 30개월령이 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때, 한우의 장기비육에 있어서 늦게라도 거세를 실시하면 뚜렷한 도체등급의 개선 효과가 있으며, 거세비육우의 도축월령은 육질적측면(마블링 스코어와 보수력)에서 생후 28개월과 30개월령 간에는 거의 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.443-448
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate changes of blood metabolites and enzyme activities at different slaughter ages of Hanwoo cattle. Blood samples were taken from six hundred thirty two steers (24~33 months of age) and one hundred twenty eight bulls (17~24 months of age) by venipuncture from caudal vein immediately prior to slaughter. Glucose concentrations were linearly increased (P<0.001) with increases of the slaughter age in steers, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were linearly decreased (P<0.001) with increases of the slaughter age in steers. Likewise, glucose and albumin concentrations in bulls were linearly decreased (P=0.009 and P<0.001, respectively) with increases of the slaughter age. BUN, cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol concentrations were linearly increased (P<0.001, 0.018 and 0.002, respectively), and creatinine concentrations were quadratically increased (P=0.009) with increases of the slaughter age. Activity of gamma glutamyltransferase (${\gamma}$-GT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was linearly increased (P<0.001) with increases of the slaughter age in both steers and bulls, whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was not affected by increasing slaughter age. In addition, the concentrations of ${\gamma}$-GT and AST were higher (P<0.05) for bulls than those of steers at 24 months of age. Increased levels of ${\gamma}$-GT and AST indicate impaired liver function; it may be associated with increases of concentrate level which is a concomitant of the extended fattening periods in Hanwoo feeding. In conclusion, the results in the present study may be one of the useful information for diagnosis of the metabolic disorder in Hanwoo cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.696-703
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• 2020

Objective: Cattle were some of the first animals domesticated by humans for the production of milk, meat, etc. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is defined as longer than 200 bp in nonprotein coding transcripts. lncRNA is known to function in regulating gene expression and is currently being studied in a variety of livestock including cattle. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of lncRNA according to sex in Hanwoo cattle. Methods: This study was conducted using the skeletal muscles of 9 Hanwoo cattle include bulls, steers and cows. RNA was extracted from skeletal muscle of Hanwoo. Sequencing was conducted using Illumina HiSeq2000 and mapped to the Bovine Taurus genome. The expression levels of lncRNAs were measured by DEGseq and quantitative trait loci (QTL) data base was used to identify QTLs associated with lncRNA. The python script was used to match the nearby genes Results: In this study, the expression patterns of transcripts of bulls, steers and cows were identified. And we identified significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs in bulls, steers and cows. In addition, characteristics of lncRNA which express differentially in muscles according to the sex of Hanwoo were identified. As a result, we found differentially expressed lncRNAs according to sex were related to shear force and body weight. Conclusion: This study was classified and characterized lncRNA which differentially expressed by sex in Hanwoo cattle. We believe that the characterization of lncRNA by sex of Hanwoo will be helpful for future studies of the physiological mechanisms of Hanwoo cattle.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2017년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.23-23
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• 2017

Recent favor on high quality food and concern on food safety have demonstrated the superiority of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle). In general, the price of cow is higher than those of steer and bull, causing cheating issues in the market. Hence, this study is to discriminate genders of Hanwoo with identification of factors which highly influence gender discrimination based on the big-size deboning data. Totally, there were 31 variables in the deboning data, and we divided into them two categories: data obtained before and after deboning. Discriminant function analysis was then applied into the data to determined the accuracy of gender discrimination in Hanwoo. The result showed that Hanwoo could be classified by gender with 99.2% of accuracy when using all 31 variables. In detail, it was possible to identify 93 of 94 bulls (98.9%), 96 of 96 cows (100%) and 74 of 75 steers (98.7%). The most significant variables was chuck, sirloin, armbone shin, plates, retail and cuts percentage, sequentially. With variables obtainable before deboning, accuracies of classification were 91.5% for bulls, 92.7% for cows, and 89.3% for steers. The most significant variables was water, cold carcass weight and back-fat thickness. The discrimination accuracy was higher with data obtainable after deboning: bulls (98.9%), cows (99.0%) and steers (98.7%). In this case, chuck, sirloin and armbone shin were the factors determined the classification ability. This study showed that Hanwoo can be classified based on deboning data with appropriate statistics, further suggesting weight of cut of beef might be the standard for gender classification.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.931-944
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• 2016

본 연구는 한우의 성별 발육성적, 혈액성상 및 도체특성을 비교하고자 수행되었다. 처리구는 12개월령 한우 수소구(4두, 체중 $339.8{\pm}18.5kg$), 거세우구(4두, 체중 $309.8{\pm}13.2kg$), 암소구(3두, 체중 $290.0{\pm}16.7kg$)를 개체 사료급여기가 부착된 우사에 배치하여 총 20개월간 시험을 수행하였다. 일당증체량은 비육전기에는 한우 수소, 거세우 및 암소간에 차이가 없었으나 비육중기부터 수소구가 높았으며 암소구가 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 공시축의 체형차이는 24개월령부터 나타나, 한우 암소는 체고와 체장에서 가장 작았으나(p<0.05), 체고는 32개월령대에서는 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 12개월령 공시축의 혈액성분 중, cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose 및 total protein함량은 암소구에서 높았으며, GPT 수준은 수소구에서 높았다(p<0.05). 혈청 GOT 수준은 처리구 공히, 비육후기에 높았으며, 수소구에서 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 육량지수는 수소구와 암소구가 비슷한 수준이었으며, 거세우구가 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 육질평가에서 근내지방도는 거세우구와 암소구가 수소구보다 유의적으로 높았고(p<0.05), 육질등급은 거세우구가 가장 높았다. 본 시험은 한우사양표준 개정에 있어서 성별간 비교를 위한 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.550-556
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• 2009

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the relationship of slaughter age and carcass traits of Hanwoo cattle. A total number of 11,284 heads of cattle (4,624 bulls, 6,120 steers, and 540 females) were used in the experiment (Exp.) 1. In the Exp. 2, 3,887 heads of steers slaughtered at age of 24-36 mon were used. After 24 h post-slaughter chilling, the carcasses were weighed and evaluated by an official grader of carcass traits according to the Korean carcass grading standard. Backfat thickness was the main variable in yield index and grade whereas marbling score was the main variable in carcass quality grade. Meat color was an important factor affecting carcass quality grade of bulls; fat color was an important factor affecting those of steers and females; and maturity was an important factor affecting that of females. After 24-mon-old, extension of slaughter age did not automatically increase the quantity and quality of meat. However, 29 mon of age can be regarded as the optimum time to slaughter steers to attain the highest take home money for farmers.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2003

육성 거세 한우(평균 체중 200kg)에게 6주 동안 배합사료의 16%와 볏짚의 48%를 대체하는 수준에서, 그리고 Holstein 비거세우(평균 체중 336 kg)에게 12주 동안 배합사료 4%와 볏짚18%를 대체하는 수준에서 퇴적발효한 육계생분­톱밥­왕겨 혼합물(DBSR 최종 함수율 45%)의 펠렛을 무제한 급여한 후 사료섭취량, 증체율, 사료효율, 경제성 및 도체 특성을 평가하였다. DBSR pellet의 기호성은 양호한 편이었다. 대조구와 비교해서 DBSR pellet 급여는 육성 거세 한우의 증체량(31.6 vs 36.6 kg), 일당 증체율(0.75 vs 0.87), 사료효율(7.23 vs 7.53)과 Holstien 비거세우의 증체량(148 vs 155 kg), 일당증체율(1.76 vs 1.84) 및 사료효율(5.69 vs 6.02)에 유의적 영향을 미치지 않았으며(P＞0.05), 증체 당 사료비용은 축종별로 각각 18.5% 및 3.5% 절감되었다. Holstein 비거세우에의 DBSR pellet 급여는 도체중, 육량 및 육질에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 수분흡수제로서 톱밥, 왕겨와 혼합한 케이지 육계생분의 퇴적발효물은 육성비육우용 사료로서 효과적으로 이용될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.865-877
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• 2023

Thirty Hanwoo cattle including bulls, cows, and steers (n = 10 each) were slaughtered and investigated for carcass traits (weight, meat color, fat color, yield index, maturity, marbling score, back-fat thickness, and firmness) and meat quality. The meat quality such as: pH, color, cooking loss, fatty acid, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, warner-bratzler shear force, tensile tests, and texture profiles were analyzed on longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles of the carcasses at different aging times (3 d and 21 d). The results showed that steers and cows had higher back-fat thickness and marbling score, and a lower firmness (p < 0.001) than bulls. Bulls exhibited a lower meat quality indicating by higher cooking loss, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content, warner-bratzler shear force and tensile test values (p < 0.01). Regarding the sensory property, the bull meat also had higher hardness, and lower tenderness, juiciness and flavor scores than the cow or steer meat (p < 0.01). Additionally, the bull meat had a higher polyunsaturated fatty acid and a lower monounsaturated fatty acid contents (p < 0.01). With increased aging time, the meat tenderness was improved in all the genders. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that the gender and aging time affected the carcass traits, fatty acid and sensory quality of beef. Postmortem aging could improve the meat tenderness of all genders especially bulls.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2004

본. 연.구.는. 한.우. 수.송.아.지.률. 연.령.별.(4, 9, 12, 및 16개월령 )로 거세하여 사육하는 동안 도체의 이화학적 특성을 비교 검토하기 위하여 실시되었다. 총 75두{형균 4개월령 )의 한우를 Control (비거세우) 및 Treatment I, II, III, 또는 IV(각각 4, 9, 12, 및 16개월령 에 거세)에 업의로 배치한 다음, 각각 7, 9, 12, 16, 및 28개월령 에 도축을 하였다. 한우 등심내 수훈 함량은 비거세우 및 거세우 공히 도축월령이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 28개월령 도축시 거세우의 등심 내 명균 수분 함량은 68.63%로써, 비거세우의 72.18%에 비하여 유의척 (P <0.05)으로 낮았다. 한우 등심내 조지방 함량은 버거세우와 거세우 공히 도축월령이 증가할 수록 증가하였다. 특히, Treatment III(12 개월령 거세우)는 28 개월령에 도축시 모든 거세우들 중 가장 높은 10.24% 의 조지방 함량을 나타내었다. 한우 비거세우 의 동성 내 조단백질 함량운 도축월령에 상판 없이 23% 정도 이었다. 버거세우와 거세우 공히 등성내 보수력은 도촉월령이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향이었으며， 특히 거세우의 경우 16개월령 이후 급격한 보수력의 증가를 보여 28개월령 도축시에는 비거세우(70. 00%)에 비하여 거세우에서 현저하게( P <0.05) 높은( 78 .39%) 보수력을 나타내었다. 한우 버거세우는 도축월령이 증가할수록 등심내 palmitic acid(CI6: o)의 함량이 증가하였으며(20.92 \longrightarrow 24.22%), stearic acid (CI8 : 0)는 감소하였다(18.15\longrightarrow11.32%). 주요 불포화 지방산인 이eic acid(CI8: I)의 함량은 도축월령이 증가할수록 현저하게(P<0.05) 증가 (25.59 \longrightarrow 37.9%) 하였다. 거세우의 등심내 지방산 변화는 전체적으로 비거세우와 유사하였으나, 28 개월령 거세우의 경우 버거세우에 비하여 oleic acid의 함량이 높았으며，stearic acid 함량은 비거세우 보다 낮았다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sex, environmental factors, and feeding system on the carcass traits of Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle). Data were collected from 7,866 heads slaughtered in Chungnam province during one-year period. Using the collected carcass traits data which greatly influence a Hanwoo's carcass grade, the effects of sex class, slaughter season, and feeding system were estimated. Backfat thickness of steers was significantly higher than that of bulls (p < 0.05). Marbling score was also the highest in steers when compared with cows and bulls (p < 0.05). Live weight and carcass weight were significantly higher in winter than in summer (p < 0.05). However, backfat thickness was significantly lower in summer than in other seasons (p < 0.05). Marbling score was higher in spring and fall than in summer and winter (p < 0.05). In terms of feeding systems, TMR (Total mixed ration) and TMF (Total mixed fermentation feed) fed groups showed the highest carcass grade (p < 0.05). However, the group fed TMR and formula feed at the final fattening period showed the lowest performance (p < 0.05) and it is assumed that some stress was associated to the feed change. The results reconfirm that castration may be recommended in order to improve meat quality and marbling scores in bulls. There was no consistent trend of seasonal effects of slaughter on carcass traits although some traits were significantly affected. Regarding the feeding system, either TMR or TMF can be supplied to achieve high feed efficiency and good carcass characteristics in Hanwoo.