• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.59-71
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• 2019

Objectives : This paper looks at the history of East Asian acupuncture and moxibustion in the context of the general orientations of craft and art. It is understood that acupuncture and moxibustion was the ultimate integration of reason and craft in which text and experience mutually influenced each other throughout its development. In Joseon, the pursuit of integration between the body and the order of the Heaven and Earth was particularly prominent. Methods : As in the words of Zhunagzi(莊子), the state in which something that deeply touches the mind manifests in the hands has been understood as the ultimate state in modern and ancient art. Starting here, I examined the possibility that Korean acupuncture and art has evolved from such foundations step by step. Major acupuncture and moxibustion texts were examined historically, starting with "Shenyingjing(神應經)", leading to "Junggan-Shenyingjing (重刊神應經)", "Chimgu-Gyeongheombang(鍼灸經驗方)", "Chijongjinam(治腫指南)", "Chijongjinam-Joseonchambon治腫指南朝鮮?本", "Chimgutaegilpyeonjip(鍼灸擇日編集)", "Chimgu-Myeonggam(鍼灸明鑑)". Introductions and main contents of the texts were analyzed and presented appropriately. Results : East Asian acupuncture and moxibustion has developed based on the study of pathways that correspond to Shen, of the accordance and harmony between body and the order of Heaven and Earth together with theoretical refinement, technical development, and acceptance of new discoveries. In the perspective of craft, this was motivated by artistic passions such as '得於心 應於手' and '醫者意也'. In the case of refined acupuncture methods, due to their difficulty in education and transmission there has been some fluctuation. Conclusions : Korea, China, and Japan share a largely similar philosophical and cultural basis. Reason and craft, text and experience mutually influenced each other while the core of refined acupuncture was widely shared. However, a certain bifurcation point could be detected.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.435-442
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• 2023

Sports activities, including playing tennis, are popular with many people. As this industry has become more professionalized, investors and those involved in sports are sure to pay attention to any tool that improves athletes' performance Tennis requires perfect coordination between hands, eyes, and the whole body. Consequently, to perform long-term sports, athletes must have enough muscle strength, flexibility, and endurance. Tennis rackets with new frames were manufactured because tennis players' performance depends on their rackets. These rackets are distinguished by their lighter weight. Composite rackets are available in many types, most of which are made from the latest composite materials. During physical exercise with a tennis racket, nanocomposite materials have a significant effect on reducing injuries. Materials as strong as graphite and thermoplastic can be used to produce these composites that include both fiber and filament. Polyamide is a thermoplastic typically used in composites as a matrix. In today's manufacturing process, materials are made more flexible, structurally more vital, and lighter. This paper discusses the production, testing, and structural analysis of a new polyamide/Multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite. This polyamide can be a suitable substitute for other composite materials in the tennis racket frame. By compression polymerization, polyamide was synthesized. The functionalization of Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was achieved using sulfuric acid and nitric acid, followed by ultrasonic preparation of nanocomposite materials with weight percentages of 5, 10, and 15. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) confirmed a synthesized nanocomposite structure. Nanocomposites were tested for thermal resistance using the simultaneous thermal analysis (DTA-TG) method. scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was used to determine pores' size, structure, and surface area. An X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) analysis was used to determine their amorphous nature.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 1994

In this research, the mentally-handicapped children being able to be trained were investigated the actual condition of train function making 40 mentally-handicapped children in Kummi Hyedang Spacial Education School, to exmine the effect of physical exercise function when training the mentally-handicapped children who can be trained as applying exercise education programs, and trains for 10 weeks by assigning to both experiment group and control group according to children who are similar to training functions from pre-examination. The results are in following: First, the results of test in the exercise ability of mentally-handicapped children with the degree of being able to trained are very delayed in comparison with normal mental children through the both top and bottom examination. The developments of 5 exercise functions classified by domain, have the order of eyesight exercise, softness, physical strength, quickness, parallelism, the interaction of both eye and hand, and, have the exercise function being equal to the level of between 6 and 12 years old. In 13 bottom test, throwing bean-bag is equal to the nomal 12 years old boy. the board jump, sitting position / bending forward / closing are equal to the level of 12 years old boy. standing with only leg is the level of 9 years old, threading pearls is 7 years old, transfering the wood building, picking the upper body up, walking board, balancing one leg with opened, eye, fist / opening palm / palm, bending and opening arm with postrating on chair, are the exercise functions of below 6 years old. Second, there are great effects in carrying out the exercise education program to the mentally-handicapped children with the level of being able to trained. In experiment group, it is elevated to the middle level of 12 years old nomal children. Classified by domain of test the board jump, training, the bean-bag are far higher level than 12 years old normal children, and are elevated the level of 11 years old boy. Balancing only leg with closed eye is below the level of 10 years old boys, fist / opening palm / palm are the level of 9 years old boys. There and back running, picking the upper body is the level of 9 years old girls. Walking board is the level of 8 years old boys. Bending and opening arm with postrating on chair is the level of 7 rears old boy. Balancing one leg with opened eye is elevated to the level of f years old girls. These functions have the more balanced exercise function rather than pre-examination. In control group, they have little change by classified the bottom test, but have the exercise function on the time of pre-examination, go backward in physical strength. quickness. Third, the exercise function being learned by exercise education program on the mentally-handicapped children of the level with being able to train is appeared to maintain continuately. Softness, physical strength, quickness, eyesight training are maintained the learned exercise function, the interaction of both eye and hands, parallelism are delayed a little. Classified by the bottom test. threading pearls, transfering the wood building, throwing the bean-bag, sitting position / rolling forward / reaching, the broad jump and picking upper body up, there and bark running, picking upper body up, balancing with only leg as opened eye, bending and opening arm with postrating on chair, etc. are maintained. Fist / opening palm / palm, balancing with only leg as opened eye are delayed a little. The change of body position is elevated. Seeing these results, it is appeared to the mentally-handicapped children that the exercise education programs, which is suitable their actual condition and acomplishes in voluntary participation, have very positive effect. So, to develop the function of body exercise in mentally-handicapped children with the level of being to able to be trained, the measures must be groped so that the exercise education programs can be practiced positively, and the ,body exercise can be experienced more.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.117-134
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the stage of concern, the level of use, and the innovation configuration of Home Economics teachers regarding creativity and personality education in Home Economics(HE) classes. The survey questionnaires were sent through mails and e-mails to middle-school HE teachers in the whole country selected by systematic sampling and convenience sampling. Questionnaires of the stages of concern and the levels of use developed by Hall(1987) were used in this study. 187 data were used for the final analysis by using SPSS/window(12.0) program. The results of the study were as following: First, for the stage of concerns of HE teachers on creativity and personality education, the information stage of concerns(85.51) was the one with the highest response rate and the next high in the following order: the management stage of concerns(81.88), the awareness stage of concerns(82.15), the refocusing stage of concerns(68.80), the collaboration stage of concerns(61.97), and the consequence stage of concerns(59.76). Second, the levels of use of HE teachers on creativity and personality education was highest with the mechanical levels(level 3; 21.4%) and the next high in the following order: the orientation levels of use(level 1; 20.9%), the refinement levels(level 5; 17.1%), the non-use levels(level 0; 15.0%), the preparation levels(level 2; 10.2%), the integration levels(level 6; 5.9%), the renewal levels(level 7; 4.8%), the routine levels(level 4; 4.8%). Third, for the innovation configuration of HE teachers on creativity and personality education, more than half of the HE teachers(56.1%) mainly focused on personality education in their HE classes; 31.0% of the HE teachers performed both creativity and personality education; a small number of teachers(6.4%) focused on creativity education; the same number of teachers(6.4%) responded that they do not focus on neither of the two. Examining the level and type of performance HE teachers applied, the average score on the performance of creativity and personality education was 3.76 out of 5.00 and the mean of creativity component was 3.59 and of personality component was 3.94, higher than standard. For the creativity education, openness/sensitivity(3.97) education was performed most and the next most in the following order: problem-solving skill(3.79), curiosity/interest(3.73), critical thinking(3.63), problem-finding skill(3.61), originality(3.57), analogy(3.47), fluency/adaptability(3.46), precision(3.46), imagination(3.37), and focus/sympathy(3.37). For the personality education, the following components were performed in order from most to least: power of execution(4.07), cooperation/consideration/just(4.06), self-management skill(4.04), civic consciousness(4.04), career development ability(4.03), environment adaptability(3.95), responsibility/ownership(3.94), decision making(3.89), trust/honesty/promise(3.88), autonomy(3.86), and global competency(3.55). Regarding what makes performing creativity and personality education difficult, most HE teachers(64.71%) chose the lack of instructional materials and 40.11% of participants chose the lack of seminar and workshop opportunity. 38.5% chose the difficulty of developing an evaluation criteria or an evaluation tool while 25.67% responded that they do not know any means of performing creativity and personality education. Regarding the better way to support for creativity and personality education, the HE teachers chose in order from most to least: 'expansion of hands-on activities for students related to education on creativity and personality'(4.34), 'development of HE classroom culture putting emphasis on creativity and personality'(4.29), 'a proper curriculum on creativity and personality education that goes along with students' developmental stages'(4.27), 'securing enough human resource and number of professors who will conduct creativity and personality education'(4.21), 'establishment of the concept and value of the education on creativity and personality'(4.09), and 'educational promotion on creativity and personality education supported by local communities and companies'(3.94).

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.129-135
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• 2020

This study is to identify the awareness and performance of hand washing according to the presence of clinical practice experience of paramedic students and provide basic data of education on hand washing that can be practically applied. 335 students in paramedicine department in P city and J city were the study subjects and we distributed URL to those who agreed to participate in the study to carry out untact survey using questionnaire. The study results were analyzed by using SPSS/WIN 23.0. The results showed that the average number of hand washing per day was 5~8 times (142 students, 42.4%) and average time for washing hands was 24.34 seconds. We could find statistically significant differences in 'hand washing to wrist' and 'it is necessary to completely dry after hand washing' in terms of difference on awareness of hand washing according to the clinical experiences (p<0.05). In terms of differences in hand washing performance according to clinical practice experience, statistically significant difference was found in 'before touching equipment for clinical practice' and 'before taking foods such as drinks during practice' (p<0.05). The correlation between awareness and performance of hand washing showed that if awareness of hand washing is high, its performance is increased, too (p=0.001). We try to provide basic data of education on hand washing that can improve awareness and performance on hand washing based on the results of this study.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.306-313
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• 2017

This study systemically analyzed the data on the microbial levels in fresh vegetables in Korea to identify the points to control. We scanned the studies published between 2001 and 2015 in peer-reviewed research papers on the microbial levels in fresh vegetables produced in Korea. Plant products were categorized by using the US IFSAC (Interagency Food Safety Analytics Collaboration) category. The most consumed, the non-heat treated, the epidemiological foodborne diseases sources of fresh vegetable in foodservice (KCDC data) were identified by literature review. Articles were screened using National Digital Science Library (NDSL) search engine regarding to microbial hazards in plant products. Based on the total plate count number and coliforms on the 89 data cases from 26 published articles, the total plate count number was high in the order of sprouts, leaf and stem, bulbs and roots, vine-grown, solanaceous, melons, and pome. Escherichia coli was frequently detected in leaf and stem and sprouts products. Focused on the microbial data of leek, lettuce and cabbage, the levels of total plate count, coliforms and Bacillus cereus showed the levels of 4.15~7.69 log CFU/g, 1~6.99 log CFU/g, and 0.51~3.9 log CFU/g, respectively, by 33 published papers. The levels of environmental factors affecting the microbial safety of lettuce and leek before harvest were investigated. Manure, soil, hands, scale, gloves were the major potential microbial contamination points to control. In addition, GAP (good agricultural practice), microbial testing, and improvement of irrigation methods are required to provide the safer fresh produce.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.929-939
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify knowledge of universal precautions and its performance in practice. The research was conducted from November 2 to 30, 1998. A total 515 student nurses ; 249 from a baccalaureate nursing college and 266 from second and third year of a 3-year community nursing college were surveyed. The results are as following : 1. The average score for universal precautions knowledge was 270.41$\pm$19.43/300(range 150-300). The results showed that 99.2% of students avoid injury from used needles, 98.6% answered that they always wash their hands if they had contact with the patient's blood and they always dispose of used needles in special collectors (97.7%) for needles. But, 39.2% responsed that they dispose of used needles after recapping them. 2. The average score for universal precautions knowledge of the senior students in the 4-year college was the highest (277.65$\pm$13.99). 3. The average score for the performance of universal precautions knowledge was 53.18 $\pm$5.91(range 14-70). The items : ‘I cautiously avoid injury from the used needles’(4.92$\pm$0.33), ‘I always wash my hands if there has been contact with the patient's blood’(4.91$\pm$0.34), and ‘I always disposed of used needles in the appropriate collector’(4.89$\pm$0.42) showed the highest performance. However ‘I always dispose of used needles after recapping them’(2.19$\pm$1.39) and ‘I always use protection goggles when in danger of contamination’(2.19$\pm$1.20) showed low performance level. 4. The highest average score for universal precautions performance was shown among the second year students in 3-year nursing college (54.19$\pm$6.92) between the groups. It showed that the level of the universal precautions performance was higher for those who had education on university precautions prior to performance of the universal precautions than for those without any prior education. 5. The percentage of students who reported the experience of direct contact with patients' blood and/or body fluids was 42.30%. The experience of direct contact with blood and/or body fluids of the educational group was significantly higher than those were not educated. 6. The most frequent cause of the direct contact was ‘needle pricking and/or skin cut’(63.04%). The most frequent substance with which the students contact was ‘blood’(59.85%). The majority of the sample had answered that the mode of contamination was ‘unknown’(63.54%). The majority of the sample answered that strategies used after contamination included ‘washing with soap’(33.61%). Reviewing the chart of patients or asking other health professionals(28.85%). 7. The number of students who had the experience of a needle stick and/or skin cut was 145(28.16%). The clinical practice places where the incidents occurred were mainly in the internal medicine unit (45.07%) and the surgical unit (31.92%) followed by the intensive care unit and the emergency unit in order. The experience of a needle stick and/or skin cut happened during on intra-muscular injection 47.34% and intravenous injection 21.81%. The causes of the needle stick and/or skin cut were ‘putting the needle cap back on 77(35.81%)’. The number of students who took an appropriate post management blood test and/or vaccination was 27(18.62%). 8. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient between the knowledge of universal precautions and performance of universal precautions in practice showed a positive correlation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.491-501
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• 2021

Purpose: This study is designed to provide care workers with basic data on the development of job training programs for enhancing professionalism of senior care services by identifying and analyzing job recognition and education requirements according to the type of work place. Methods: Data were collected from April to July 2019 from 177 care workers working at the Elderly Care Facilities, Elderly Housing Welfare Facilities and Rehabilitation Facilities in the B Metropolitan City. It was analyzed using the SPSS Win 21.0 Statistical Program. Results: The results of job recognition of care worker according to the type of work place shows as follows. As for health care welfare facilities for senior citizens and residential welfare facilities for the elderly was the highest level for physical change and mobile care protection belonging to basic care protection technologies. For the rehabilitation and welfare facility, human rights and prevention of abuse among senior citizens which is belonging to occupational ethics and attitudes of care workers showed the highest. Conclusion: It is required for differentiated job training to enhance capacity for care workers according to the type of work place, and it is needed to developed systematic and specific customized hands-on training to perform, not for simple knowledge.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.66-75
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore violent experiences of home visiting health care workers in Korea. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires from 1,640 health care workers. Data collection was done between September 1, 2009 and June 30, 2010. Results: Of the respondents, 70.6% had experienced work-related violence. Shouting (51.9%) was the most common verbal violence, followed by verbalizing sexual remarks to the health care workers (19.0%) and touching the hands (16.5%), the most common acts relating to sexual harassment. Of the respondents who had experienced violence, 50.9% told their peers about the incidents. However, the major reasons why they did not report these incidents was due to the fact that they felt it was useless to file reports and that they expected such incidents to occur as part of their job. The majority of the respondents (86.4%) wanted education on how to deal with such violence at work. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that efforts should be made to increase awareness and to minimize violence in the workplace. Also, educational programs should be designed to improve knowledge and to prevent workplace violence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.147-159
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• 1989

The main Purpose of this survey was to identify for elements of an effective hospital infection control program for Korea. Nurses and doctors who had participated in an education program for infection control or were re s ponsible for hospital infection control were selected as data informers. The data were collected from 51 subjects by employing a Delphi technique in a series of three rounds from september 1, 1987, to March 31, 1988. IN each round the responses to questionaires were analyzed and the results were communicated back to the individuals. Finally 32 elements of effective hospital infection control program were reduced to 10 elements. 10 elements are as follows ; 1) Hospital administrator's knowledge of importance and necessity for HIC(hospital infection control) 2) Supporting HIC administratively 3) Constituting infection control committee and role of ICC 4) Developing an eductional program and providing a work manual for the hospital infection control staff 5) Educating and informing medical staff about hospital infection 6) Surveillance for hospital infection 7) Developing patient care technique 8) Controlling the hospital environment 9) Executing regular health examination of all medical staff 10) Recruiting the medical staff sufficiently Three rankings of response rate about 32 elements are as follows ; 1) Hiring a full tim staff member for the HIC(66%) 2) Establishing a hospital policy and standards for the HIC(66%) 3) Activating the infection control committee and taking administrative action to support the ICC(63%) In addition the rankings of importance score by Likert 5 scale are as follows ; 1) Washing hands scrupulously(4.88) 2) Nurses participation as key members of the ICC(4.75) 3) Reviewing and evaluating all ongoing aseptic techniques (4.69) In conclusion, first of all, administrative support must be given to hiring a full time staff member and to organization of infection control committee for the HIC in Korea.