• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2018

According to the statistics publication of KOSHA, more than half of serious accidents at the construction sites were related to the temporary works and/or the temporary structures such as scaffoldings, shores, earth retaining walls, etc. The structural failures are occurred because of the overload acting on the structures or lack of performance of the one or more members of the structures. For the prevention of the collapse accidents relating to the temporary structures at the construction sites, we have to control construction processes not to occur the overload and also to control the performance and quality of each member of the temporary structures. MOLIT has amended the "Construction Technology Promotion Act" on Jan. 7th, 2015 to ensure the structural safety of the temporary structures. According to the Act, the designers of the construction design projects should check the structural integrity of the structures including the temporary structures and the construction companies have to let 'the Relative Professionals' confirm the structural integrity of temporary structures, the shores(${\geq}5m$ high) and the scaffolds(${\geq}31m$ high), before construction. Also, MOLIT has amended the "Regulation for Construction Technology Promotion Act" on Jul. 4th, 2016 for quality management and testing of temporary equipments. According th this regulation, the construction companies and supervisors should manage and test the temporary equipments before using them. In this paper, the standard drawings of the shores(< 5 m high) and the scaffolds(< 31 m high) and the amended "Business Guideline for Quality Management of Construction Work" are presented. As the result of this study, MOLIT noticed the amended "Business Guideline for Quality Management of Construction Work" on Jul. 1st, 2017.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.2182-2189
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• 2004

In the recent years, environmentally conscious design and manufacturing technologies have attracted considerable attention. The coolants, lubricants, solvents, metallic chips and discarded tools from manufacturing operations will harm our environment and the earth's ecosystem. In the present work, the Tukey method of multiple comparisons is used to select the minimum level of coolant required in a turning process. The amount of coolant is varied in 270 designed experiments and the parameters cutting temperature, surface roughness, and specific cutting energy are carefully evaluated. The effects of coolant mix ratio as well as the amount of coolant on the turning process are studied in the present work. The cutting temperature and surface roughness for different quantity of coolant are investigated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) - test and a multiple comparison method. ANOVA-test results signify that the average tool temperature and surface roughness depend on the amount of coolant. Based on Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) method, one of the multiple comparison methods, the minimum level of coolant is 1.0 L/min with 2% mix ratio in the aspect of controlling tool temperature. F-test concludes that the amount of coolant used does not have any significant effect on specific cutting energy. Finally, Tukey method ascertains that 0.5 L/min with 6% mix ratio is the minimum level of coolant required in turning process without any serious degradation of the surface finish. Considering all aspects of cutting, the minimum coolant required is 1.0 L/min with 6% mix ratio. It is merely half the coolant currently used i.e. 2.0 L/min with 10% mix ratio. Minimal use of coolant not only economically desirable for reducing manufacturing cost but also it imparts fewer hazards to human health. Also, sparing use of coolant will eventually transform the turning process into a more environment-conscious manufacturing process.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.515-526
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was carried out for the purpose of examining the levels of vocational awareness and the professional ethics recognition in the clinical dental hygienists. Methods: A survey was conducted targeting 500 members who participated in the supplementary education program for dental hygienists in the first half of 2017. Total 328 subjects' materials were analyzed. Results: A reason for working in terms of the occupational identity was very high with 81.4% in 'aiming to earn money'. A goal of working was the highest with 41.5% in 'financial independence'. The professional ethics approach level was indicated to be the highest with 3.33 points in the domain of human relation. It was shown to be in order of the job satisfaction level with 3.21 points, followed by the lifelong working with 3.17 points, the vocational ethics observance with 2.95 points, the workplace satisfaction level with 2.82 points, and the job anxiety level with 2.65 points. The domain in the job anxiety level according to general characteristics was indicated to be significantly high in the higher age and work career in case of the married and in case of Seoul as a workplace. The domain in the professional ethics observance was shown to be significantly high in the higher work career in case of the married and in case of Gyeonggi Province as a workplace. The domain in the lifelong working was indicated to be significantly high in case of the married. Conclusions: For the establishment of the right professional ethics as a dental hygienist and for the securement of its practice starting from the education for the dental hygiene department, the development of educational program will be needed aiming at the approach to the professional ethics and the reinforcement in the vocational ethics recognition.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.9.1-9
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• 2001

Concerning the development of suitable healthcare equipment for a aged people at their homes in order to reduce the labor and increase the efficiency in the homehelpers' work, we conducted a study on the actual conditions of healthcare in Kyoto city (healthcare in taking a meal and excretion, moving and taking a bath by using a hand-powered lift, moving by a wheelchair, shower carrier healthcare, assistance in body care and housework) by digital video filming, interviews and layout investigations. On the base of those investigations by using methods for analysis of video pictures, we divided the healthcate work into scenes and e exctracted the main problems in terms of health care equipment, information, environment, healthcare skills, mental burden, social s system, family burden, ete. Furthermore the questionnaire survey of home helpers (18 persons - 50% answers) clarified that more than half of them have lumbago pains and the biggest load in the everyday healthcare c comes from moving the patients or getting them into or out of t the equipment for moving. Finally we considered concrete proposals appropriate for each h healthcare scene image, based on evaluation toward efficiency (design guidelines) for suitable healthcare equipment for aged people at their homes: 1) Design toward a proper posture 2) Design toward self-help possibility 3) Design toward patient active participation 4) Design toward rationality of the whole process 5) Design toward place-appropriate healthcare equipment 6) Design toward healing of mind 7) Good level of healthcare skills 8) Economic, systematic rationality

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.563-588
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• 2017

Cats used to be long avoided in Korean culture due to prejudices on their negative implications, yet they are increasingly being favoured by domestic readers along with a growing number of cat lovers, picture books, essays and webtoons. In the case of Yoko Sano's work, half of her published books in Korea depicts cats. Among those is 'The Cat That Lived a Million Times' which is a worldwide million seller. The research analyses five picture books on cats published in Korea, focusing on finding out symbolic representation of cats other than merely being the protagonist of the book. Sano asserts that we respect our own free well and love ourselves just as cats do in her books. In conclusion, cats in Sano's work mostly represent the author herself, which are sometimes depicted as mother and son. The colours and thick outlines of her cats, unlike tender characteristics, describes self-righteous strong personality, while emphasising both static and dynamic movements.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 1999

The completion of the Bakun Diversion Tunnel is subsequently to the Main Dam construction. Therefore, the completion date is very important for the Bakun Hydroelectric Project. Generally, the tunnel lining work as a finishing phase of the tunnelling project occupies a important portion as well as an excavation and a support work of the tunnels in respect to the construction cost and period. Internal section of Bakun Diversion Tunnel is designed circular shape to reduce the roughness of the water flow with 12 meters in diameter of total length 4314.6 meters of 3 tunnels. The lining thickness is varied between 500 mm and 700 mm depending on the structural condition. From the original Tender design of the Bakun tunnels, the required quantity of steel bars was 5,985 ton designed by Reinforced Concrete (RC) through the entire tunnel linings. During the detail design stage by the consideration of the rock conditions and various load conditions, we could suggest five kinds of RC lining type including plain concrete lining type. Through the detail design modification, we could reduce the required amount of steel bars to 2,178 ton, as a half of original Bill of Quantity. Finally, this design modification give us the time and cost saving effect to catch up the construction progress in time.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2018

This study's aim was to investigate their opinions to improve the educational system for dental hygienists on the basis of their duties as dental hygienists. The qualitative study was conducted among 19 dental hygienists at Daejeon, Korea from July to August 2016. Two researchers followed each subject for working hours in a day and recorded all the tasks and time to take for each task. After one day, the researchers met each subject and conducted face-to-face interviews to investigate the opinions about the dental hygiene curriculum and national board examination. The main duties recognized by more than half of the subjects were oral disease prevention including scaling and dental treatment assistance. The subjects' minority opinion about the main duties included radiography, impression taking, dental implant surgery assistance, orthodontic treatment, patient counseling, dental management and staff management, and oral health education. The most important tasks perceived by the subjects were prosthetic and implant impressions, scaling and implant surgery assistance. The subjects' minority opinion about the most important duties included patient counseling and making temporary crowns. The most difficult tasks answered by the subjects were prosthetic and implant impressions and dental implant surgery assistance. The subjects' minority opinion about it included patient counseling, scaling, and making temporary crowns. They mentioned that their curriculum in college was different from the actual work and the national board examination was not reflective of their real duties. We found out Korean dental hygienists had a lot of roles as dental assistants, dental business managers, and so on. We suggest that the law, curriculum and national board examination for dental hygienists should be revised to be able to reflect the reality of the clinical field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1175-1185
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• 2004

This study evaluated thermo-physiological and subjective properties of improved disposable coveralls for railroad carriage maintenance through climatic chamber trials and a filed study. Subjects wore five kinds of disposable coveralls (Type A: a disposable coverall on the market, Type B: a coverall with an improved hood and size-adjustable design, Type C: a coverall with a portable hood, Type D: a coverall with small holes for ventilation, Type E: a sleeveless coverall, Type F: a separated type of coverall with half sleeves) The air temperature in the climatic chamber was set in 9$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$ For each condition, subjects simulated the railroad work for 120min. and rectal temperature, skin temperatures, clothing microclimate and subjective sensations were measured. The results of chamber trials showed rectal temperature and clothing microclimate did not display significant differences by clothing type. In 30$^{\circ}C$ air temperature, mean skin temperature was higher in Type E and Type F than in Type A(p＜0.05) but between the improved coveralls(B-F), we could not find any significant difference. In the case of thermal comfort, the most preferred types were Type B and Type C in 9$^{\circ}C$ and Type F in 30$^{\circ}C$. All subjects felt more comfortable in the improved coveralls than in coveralls of the market (Type A). In field study, workers preferred Type B, Type C and Type F to Type A but the most favorite type differed by the specific type of work. Especially, workers were dissatisfied that Type D tore easily due to lots of small holes around the armpits and Type I did not protect workers＇ shoulder and arms from oil contamination. According to the climatic chamber trials and field study, the most effective coveralls were Type B and Type C for winter and Type F for summer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.90-95
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate industrial safety and health experts' opinions on the examination system of WMSDs(work related musculoskeletal disorders) risk factors. For doing this, a questionnaire study and two FGIs(focused group interview) were conducted. A questionnaire with open questions about the examination system was developed, and sent to 42 experts consented bye-mail. Of the experts, 24 experts responded, whose data were used in the analysis. The FGIs were performed for the persons in charge of industrial safety and health in industries and ergonomists. The questionnaire study revealed that most experts(91.3%) agreed with legalization of employers' duty for preventing WMSDs, necessity of the 11 tasks designated by Ministry of Labor, the examination system and ergonomics program, and pertinency for the examination system classification of periodic and occasional one. However, more than half experts disagreed with timeliness and appropriateness of the legal system. This was validated by the low approval rates for appropriateness of the 11 tasks, methods of the examination, charge person in the examination and ergonomics program. FGIs showed that it was desirable for the examination system to be legalized, and that the system was generally properly performed. It was suggested that the system be partially revised with reflecting problems disclosed during its enforcement rather than whole revision. It is expected that when revising relevant legal system, the results of this study would be used as valuable data.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to assess respirable crystalline silica (RCS) exposure levels in workers who collect and dispose used coal briquette ash (CBA) in sanitation companies that are subcontracted by one medium-sized local government on the collection of municipal household waste (MHW), and to analyze the quartz content in CBA. When the CBA powder that undergone specialized pretreatment in several steps were subjected to mineral identification and quantitative analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was found that quartz represented 18%, and in addition, mullite, and plagioclase were included. For two CBA collectors, samples were collected by the personal sampling evaluation method. After respirable dust was collected in accordance with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 7500 method, the concentration of quartz was analyzed using XRD. Meanwhile, a portable real-time dust monitor (Sidepak AM520, TSI Inc., USA) was also used to observe the dust exposure level for each time zone and job task. The RCS exposure level of one worker was as high as 0.024 mg/㎥, which was the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLV) level. The other worker also exhibited a concentration of 0.013 mg/㎥, which was more than half of TLV. The Sidepak results revealed that the work of collecting CBA and loading it onto a vehicle was hardly exposed to the dust of a significant level. It was found, however, that the work of transferring the collected CBA to a container through a conveyor belt was exposed to a very high average respirable dust concentration of 2.238 mg/㎥. The results of this study confirmed that quartz, which is crystalline silica and a carcinogen, is contained in CBA, one of municipal household waste (MHW), in high concentration. It was also confirmed that workers are exposed to high RCS concentrations while transferring collected CBA into a container. Although each local government in South Korea handles CBA in different ways, it is imperative to investigate the CBA exposure level of sanitation workers and improve their working conditions.