• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend for exceedance of the domestic permissible exposure limit of benzene based on a review of the previous literature. Materials and methods: From among 13 chemical substances regulated through a PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) in the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the research object of this study is benzene. The information utilized is work environment measurement data from 2004 to 2013. The highest level among the concentration data measured at various workplaces was selected as a representative value through the data process. N.D. (Not Detected) data was considered as 1/2 of the LOD (limit of detection). Results: Among the work environment measurement data between 2004 and 2013, the highest number of exceeding workplaces and the excess rate (12 sites and 5.4%) was observed in the 2006 data when applying the current PEL for benzene. When compared with the action level, which means a level one-half of the PEL, 2005's data showed the highest number of exceeding workplaces and greatest excess rate (89 sites & 13.3%). The number of exceeding workplaces and excess rate relative to the PEL for benzene showed an increasing trend in 2004, but tended to decrease after 2007. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained from this study, the exposure level for benzene among domestic workers is not considered to be in a safe phase regardless of the year of work environment measurement. Thus, strict preventive management in workplaces should be provided for reducing exposure to benzene.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.377-377
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• 2011

Organic solar cells (OSCs) with low cost have been studied to apply on flexible substrate by solution process in low temperature [1]. In previous researches, conventional organic solar cell was composed of metal oxide anode, buffer layer such as PEDOT:PSS, photoactive layer, and metal cathode with low work function. In this structure, indium tin oxide (ITO) and Al was generally used as metal oxide anode and metal cathode, respectively. However, they showed poor reliability, because PEDOT:PSS was sensitive to moisture and air, and the low work function metal cathode was easily oxidized to air, resulting in decreased efficiency in half per day [2]. Inverted organic solar cells (IOSCs) using high work function metal and buffer layer replacing the PEDOT:PSS have focused as a solution in conventional organic solar cell. On the contrary to conventional OSCs, ZnO and TiO2 are required to be used as a buffer layer, since the ITO in IOSC is used as cathode to collect electrons and block holes. The ZnO is expected to be excellent electron transport layer (ETL), because the ZnO has the advantages of high electron mobility, stability in air, easy fabrication at room temperature, and UV absorption. In this study, the IOSCs based on poly [N-900-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(40,70-di-2-thienyl-20,10,30-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) : [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) were fabricated with the ZnO electron-transport layer and MoO3 hole-transport layer. Thickness of the ZnO for electron-transport layer was controlled by rotation speed in spin-coating. The PCDTBT and PC70BM were mixed with a ratio of 1:2 as an active layer. As a result, the highest efficiency of 2.53% was achieved.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.71-88
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to look into how married working men with a child younger than six years old spent their weekend time either alone or with their wives on housework, family care, and leisure activities, and to find out whether different types of time use brought about different levels of satisfaction to their use of time on weekends. Factors associated with each type were also explored. We analyzed 857 weekend time diaries of married men with a preschooler and men who worked more than 40 hours a week. This data came from the 2009 Time Use Survey conducted by Statistics Korea. Descriptive statistics and cluster analysis results showed that weekend time distribution to those three activities was classified into four different types, namely, 'nonparticipation', 'personal leisure centered', 'couple leisure centered', and 'family centered'. Time use satisfaction for 'couple leisure centered' and 'family centered' types which involved wife and child was significantly higher than the other two types. Age and traditional gender role attitude were associated with the personal leisure and couple leisure centered types, while work related factors such as work hours, regular day off, employment status, and occupation functioned as determinants of the nonparticipation type. Findings from this study suggest that weekend time spent together with family could be the source of satisfaction, but almost half of the respondents were deprived of their weekend family time due to work schedules on weekends. This study supports the need for organizational and policy efforts to ensure non-working weekends for fathers and husbands.

• 한국어교육
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.121-147
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• 2017

This study shows the current management status and the results of B University's multicultural creative-HR team's voice training supporters' preparation course that is part of the local funding project at the university. For this, the concept of voice training and educational contents of the multicultural members are first extracted from several documents. Then, a description of the management case of B University's voice training supporters' education course is given regarding the goals, operator of management, propulsion progress, and contents of previous education. For analyzing the management results of this work, in-depth interviews with the supporters and a half-structured survey are conducted with the voice academy main instructors. Moreover, reports of the work results, work journals of supporters and etc. are used for analyzing the results. According to the results of this analysis, the aspect of education, previous education contents, and teaching practicum are not organically connected. A more detailed curriculum about the comprehension ability of practical affairs is needed for managing a classroom. In aspect of management, the preparatory stage of voice training course and the practice stage were not linked, and thus, more cooperation is required with the main instructors. Although the results are limited, the voice training of the supporters' training course has its implications. First, the education of Korean pronunciation and intonation are provided for the supporters, thereby being able to facilitate learner-centered education. Second, it demonstrates in an empirical case that a class can be administered by specializing in Korean pronunciation and intonation. At last, it can provide a chance to practice teaching and offer field experience for students who have a Korean education major.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.324-332
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• 2018

We conducted a questionnaire survey to analyze the current status of the coastal composite fisheries, as well as the improvement point in designing a new type coastal composite fishing boat suitable for Korean fishing environments from April to August 2017. The questionnaire composed of 20 questions about the features of the coastal composite fishing boat and fishing work. The survey sites were selected to cover all parts of the country by considering the geographical position. The significance testing for the response results was accessed by ${\chi}^2$ test and ANOVA. The results revealed that more than half (59.1%) of the fishermen operated one day per voyage and operating alone topped with 22.5% in the number of crews, followed by 2 persons (20.3%) and 5 persons (22.1%). The navigation devices had a high rate of installation and GPS plotter ranked first in the devices. In addition, fish finder ranked first in fishing equipment, followed by net hauler. The most inconvenient work that they felt during the fishing operation was fish handing at 49.8% and other general fishing works like setting and hauling line, deck cleaning accounted for about 25%. The hardest work was the accident by ropes wrapped around propeller and the engine trouble came in second. The most inconvenient facilities to the present design of fishing boat was wheelhouse (76.7%), followed by fish hold (38.5%), and deck (35.1%). Furthermore, inconvenient points related to the movement of fishing gear, noise and vibration of engine, slippery deck and small fish hold exceeded 50%.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.323-330
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• 1999

Daylight collapse have been occurred by about 5.0m deep at ground surface and collapse of the crown head part of the tunnel have connected to the ground surface during first step of shotcrete work after blasting of upper half section of the tunnel driving at two-way double track tunnel face section on highway construction. This study is for a successful illustration case for the earth improvement method through applying such strengthening methods as cement milk grouting, S.G.R grouting,, steel pipe reinforced multi-step grouting etc. for the purpose of earth strengthening of loosened earth block occurred by tunnel collapse.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.65-66
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• 2002

One aspect of the stiction problem may be explained by the action of capillary forces in conjunction with surface elasticity. In the present work, the interaction between two elastic half-spaces separated by a small liquid bridge is investigated. By minimizing the total free energy stored in the interface (including elastic energy and surface energy), the equilibrium interface geometry is determined analytically in the case where there is no solid-solid contact. A non-dimensional number, $N_c=299\frac{{\gamma}^2_{LA}cos^2{\theta}V_o}{E^{'2}H^5}$ is found to govern the structure stability. When $N_c{\ge}1$, the two surfaces jump into solid-solid contact and, once this occurs, the contact area will continue to expand until the two surfaces are in full contact.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2010

In the present work, LES with new variational multiscale method is conducted on the fully developed channel flow with Reynolds number, 180 based on the friction velocity and the channel half width. Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are integrated using finite element method with the basis function of NURBS. To solve space-time equations, Newton's method with two stage predictor multicorrector algorithm is employed. The code is parallelized using MPI. The computational domain is a rectangular box of size $2{\pi}{\times}2{\times}4/3{\pi}$ in the streamwise, wall normal and spanwise direction. Mean velocity profiles and velocity fluctuations are compared with the data of DNS. The results agree well with those of DNS and other traditional LES.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2013

Social media such as Twitter and Facebook have become popular. In the age of social media, many people have become more active online. For example, about half of all global active Internet users are on Facebook (Perry 2012). Personal branding is a very important strategy to build on an individual's strengths, and this kind of branding is expected to contribute to self-actualization. Therefore, the presence of mentors who advise users to discover their own strong points for self-actualization is necessary. In this paper, we propose a personal branding support service, Mentors, which connects mentors and mentees. The core concept is: "Everyone has the face of both a mentor and mentee." The key function is sharing stages of self-analysis in human life design: Determining value, creating a mission, and forming a strategy. From this function, a good match between a mentor and mentee can be found. The program aims to improve human life by understanding the client's strengths and using social media effectively. Future work includes launching Mentors and evaluating its service.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.492-505
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• 2001

Purpose: This study aims to find the sources of nurses' conflicts and to find ways to eliminate them for improved nursing care. Method: This study is based on a phenomenological approach. All participants were woking at K-hospital, located in Seoul. The research was performed from September 2000 to February 2001. Data was collected through interviews and observations while participants were working. Interviews lasted a duration of one and half hours and data collection accured five to six times per participant. The data were analysed by Giorgi method and the results are as follows: Result: Essential themes in the professional conflict of clinical nurses emerged (1) The discords of human relationships ; (2) Dissatisfaction with working conditions ; (3) Lack of self-respect in one's professional expertise ; (4) Dissatisfaction with one's work ; (5) Depression accurring due to one's ability as a professional. Conclusion: The foregoing arguments suggest that nurses perform stressful environments in a hospital originating from the relationship among peer group, working conditions, and lack of self-respect as a nurses. Therefore, hospital authorities should strangly consider working conditions, interpersonal relationships, and working conditions in order to promote self-respect of the nurses hospitals.