• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.461-464
• /
• 1996

The data on milk yield of 1837 healthy dairy cows of different genetic groups raised in Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy farms, Savar, Dhaka for the period from 1978 to 1992 were analyzed from first to 6th lactation. The mean (SE) milk yields of 100 days, 305 days, total lactation and total life time ($928{\pm}48.6kg$, $2,188{\pm}201.81kg$, $2,661{\pm}385.46kg$ and $11,134{\pm}2,916kg$) respectively, were in pure bred Friesian found to be highest among all genetic groups. The corresponding means in indigenous cows, $334{\pm}12.92kg$, $946{\pm}64.44kg$, $635{\pm}16.31kg$ and $3,934{\pm}402.21kg$ were the lowest. Among the $F_1$, $F_2$ and $F_3$ cross-breds, the $F_1$ half bred Friesian showed the highest performance in milk yield. The half bred Friesian in successive generations yielded low milk. Similar trend was obtained incase of cross-bred with other breeds such as Jersey, Sindhi and Sahiwal. From the over all results, it can be concluded that the performance in respect to milk yield of pure bred Friesian and their $F_1$ half bred with indigenous and Sahiwal were superior over the $F_2$ or $F_3$ cross-breds between Fresian and any other breed irrespective of proportion of blood. The performance in respect to production of indigenous local cow was found to be almost similar with that of Sahiwal breed.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.21-35
• /
• 1967

Anemia is a usual finding in advanced malignant diseases. Various mechanisms were reported as to be involved in the development of anemia of this kind, and they may differ in individual cases. Tumor anemias may be due, for instance, to chronic blood loss, shortened life span of the red blood cells or a decreased hemopoiesis in the bone marrow. The serum iron and copper levels, total iron binding capacity, apparent half survival of $^{51}Cr$-labelled red blood cells were measured along with the ferrokinetic studies using $^{59}Fe$ in 64 patients with various malignant tumors. Following were the results: 1. The serum iron levels were decreased in all cases. There existed no correlation between the serum iron levels and the severity of the diseases. 2. The serum copper levels were increased, particularly in lung cancer, rectal cancer, hepatoma and various sarcomas. There was also no correlation between the serum copper levels and the severity of the diseases. 3. The serum iron levels appeared to be inversely proportional to the serum copper levels. 4. The total iron binding capacities were within normal limits in all cases. There were also no correlations between the total iron binding capacities, serum iron levels and the severity of the diseases. 5. The patients could be classified according to the ferrokinetic patterns, namely, that of iron deficiency anemia in 10 cases, that of refractory anemia in 6 cases, normal in 1 case and that of atypical abnormal in 9 cases. 6. Apparent half survival time of $^{51}Cr$-labelled red blood cells were definitely shortened in half of the cases.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.178-183
• /
• 2021

Background: This study was carried out to provide environmental transfer parameter values to estimate activity concentrations of these radionuclides in agricultural crops when direct contamination occurred. Materials and Methods: Mass interception fractions (F_Bs) and weathering half-lives (T_ws) of ¹³¹I and radiocesium were calculated using openly available monitoring data obtained after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. F_B is the ratio between the initial radioactivity concentration of a radionuclide retained by the edible part of the plant (Bq·kg^-1 fresh weight [FW]) and the amount of deposited radionuclide in that area (Bq·m^-2). T_w values can be calculated using activity concentrations of crops decreased with time after the initial contamination. Results and Discussion: Calculated F_B and T_w values for ¹³¹I and radiocesium were mostly obtained for leafy vegetables. The analytical results showed that there was no difference of F_Bs between ¹³¹I and radiocesium by t-test; geometric mean values for leafy vegetables cultivated under outdoor conditions were 0.058 and 0.12 m²·kg^-1 FW, respectively. Geometric mean T_w value of ¹³¹I in leafy vegetables grown under outdoor conditions was 8.6 days, and that of radiocesium was 6.6 days; there was no significant difference between T_w values of these radionuclides by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Conclusion: There was no difference between ¹³¹I and radiocesium for F_Bs and T_ws. By using these factors, we would be able to carry out a rough estimation of the activity concentrations of ¹³¹I and radiocesium in the edible part of leafy crops when a nuclear accident occurred.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.224-231
• /
• 2003

The anti-thrombotic effects of LB30057, a direct thrombin inhibitor, were evaluated with in vivo rat and dog thrombosis models. In rats, 1 mg/kg of LB30057 inhibited half of the clot formations in the inferior vena cava at 5 minutes after intravenous application. When measured at 2 hours after oral application, 100 mg/kg prevented approximately half of the clot formations in the inferior vena cava and 50 mg/kg prolonged the mean occlusion time from $15.6{\pm}1.3$ minutes to $47.2{\pm}8.3$ minutes in the carotid artery. In dogs, the formation of thrombus in the jugular vein was reduced to half at a dose range of 20-30 mg/kg at 6 hours after oral application. In addition, the LB30057 dosage required to reduce venous clot formation by approximately 80-90% in dogs was only about 10% of that required for the same reduction in rats. This is probably due to the variation in its time-dependent blood concentration profiles in each species; for example, the plasma half-life of LB71350 in dogs was longer than that in rats ($153.0{\pm}3.0$ vs. $129.7{\pm}12.7$ min at 30 mg/kg, i.v., respectively). AUG, $T_{max},{\;}G_{max}$, and BA in dogs were 59, 8.9, 9.17, and 13.3 times higher than those in rats at oral 30 mg/kg, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that LB30057 administered orally is effective in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis in rats and dogs. It therefore represents a good lead compound for investigations to discover a new, orally available, therapeutic agent for treating thrombotic diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.803-813
• /
• 2015

The growth of Irpex lacteus F17 and manganese peroxidase (MnP) production in a selfdesigned tray bioreactor, operating in solid-state conditions at a laboratory scale, were studied. The bioreactor was divided into three layers by three perforated trays. Agroindustrial residues were used both as the carrier of bound mycelia and as a nutrient medium for the growth of I. lacteus F17. The maximum biomass production in the bioreactor was detected at 60 h of fermentation, which was consistent with the CO₂ releasing rate by the fungus. During the stationary phase of fungal growth, the maximum MnP activity was observed, reaching 950 U/l at 84 h. Scanning electron microscopy images clearly showed the growth situation of mycelia on the support matrix. Furthermore, the MnP produced by I. lacteus F17 in the bioreactor was isolated and purified, and the internal peptide sequences were also identified with mass spectrometry. The optimal activity of the enzyme was detected at pH 7 and 25℃, with a long half-life time of 9 days. In addition, the MnP exhibited significant stability within a broad pH range of 4-7 and at temperature up to 55℃. Besides this, the MnP showed the ability to decolorize the polymeric model dye Poly R-478 in vitro.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물물리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
• /
• pp.51-51
• /
• 2003

The medicinal plant Cimicifuga Racemosa (Black cohosh) has been used to treat many kinds of neuronal and menopausal symptoms, such as arthritis, menopausal depression, nerve pain, etc. Here, we examined the effect of Cimicifugoside (CF), one of triterpene glycosides which have been known as pharmacologically active ingredients of C. Racemosa, on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated catecholamine (CA) secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cell. Cimicifugoside inhibited calcium increase induced by 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP), a nAChR agonist with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 18${\pm}$2${\mu}$M. In contrast, cimicifugoside did not affect the calcium increases evoked by high K$\^$+/, veratridine, and bradykinin. The DMPP-induced sodium increase was also inhibited by cimicifugoside with IC50 of 2${\pm}$0.3${\mu}$M, suggesting that the activity of nAChRs is inhibited by cimicifugoside. Cimicifugoside did not effect on the KCl-induced secretion but markedly inhibited the DMPP-induced catecholamine secretion which was monitored by carbon-fiber amperometry in real time, and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) through electrochemical detection. The results suggest that cimicifugoside selectively inhibits nAChR-mediated response in bovine chromaffin cells.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.151-155
• /
• 2008

Circadian variations of acebutolol and its main metabolite, diacetolol pharmacokinetics were studied after a single oral administration of acebutolol (10 mg/kg) to eight rabbits at 10 : 00 AM (in the morning) and 10 : 00 PM (at night). The plasma concentration profiles of acebutolol were significantly different (P<0.05) between 10 : 00 AM and 22 : 00 PM, suggesting circadian variations of pharmacokinetic behaviors. A significant circadian rhythm of pharmacokinetic parameters was noted in rabbits, showing higher total body clearance (CL/F), and lower the area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) of acebutolol than that at night. The half-life ($t_{1/2}$) of acebutolol and diacetolol were also significantly shorter in the morning than at night (P<0.05). Metabolite-parent AUC ratio at night significantly decreased compared to in the morning, implying that night time could inhibit acebutolol metabolism than in the morning. From this study there was an administration-time difference of acebutolol pharmacokinetics in the rabbits. The optimized dosing regimen of acebutolol can be decided by considering circadian rhythm so that the effective therapies are established for patients.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 1999

Polypropylene(PP) films were treated with plasma glow discharge to produce peroxy radicals on the surfaces. The peroxy radicals formed on the PP film surfaces were subsequently used for the graft polymerization of acrylic acid and acrylamide in an aqueous solution by heating, respectively. Introduction of acrylic acid and acrylamide on the PP film could be confirmed by the observation of carbonyl and primary amine absorptions based on carboxylic acid and amide, respectively. And introduction of functional group could be confirmed by weight analysis and ESCA. The water contact angle(90$^{\circ}$) of PP film was constant, irrespective of elapsed time, while plasma-treated and functional monomer-grafted PP films were slowly increased with elapsed time, showing the rearrangement of surface polar groups in air condition. The water contact angle$(90^\circ)$ of PP film was decreased by the plasma treatment$(56^\circ)$ and further decreased by the grafting of acrylic acid$(34^\circ)$ and acrylamide$(37^\circ)$, indicating increased hydrophilicity of the modified surfaces. The water contact angle of plasma-treated PP film increased a little as time elapsing. The half-life periods of surface voltage on acrylic acid-(31sec) and acrylamide-grafted PP(42sec) were significantly decreased when compared to those on PP(950sec) and plasma-treated PP film(241sec). In the experiments using acid, basic and disperse dyes, absorbance and $\Delta{E}$ values of functional monomer-grafted PP films were significantly increased than that of oxygen plasma-treated one.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.171-183
• /
• 2022

The parent and daughter nuclides in a radioactive decay chain arrive at secular equilibrium once they have a large half-life difference. The characteristics of this equilibrium state can be used to estimate the production time of nuclear materials. In this study, a mathematical model and algorithm that can be applied to radio-chronometry using the radioactive equilibrium relationship were investigated, reviewed, and implemented. A Bateman equation that can analyze the decay of radioactive materials over time was used for the mathematical model. To obtain a differential-based solution of the Bateman equation, an algebraic numerical solution approach and two different matrix exponential functions (Moral and Levy) were implemented. The obtained result was compared with those of commonly used algorithms, such as the Chebyshev rational approximation method and WISE Uranium. The experimental analysis confirmed the similarity of the results. However, the Moral method led to an increasing calculation uncertainty once there was a branching decay, so this aspect must be improved. The time period corresponding to the production of nuclear materials or nuclear activity can be estimated using the proposed algorithm when uranium or its daughter nuclides are included in the target materials for nuclear forensics.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제56권1호
• /
• pp.84-93
• /
• 2023

The spent nuclear fuel is burned during the planned cycle in the plant and then generates elements such as actinide series, fission products, and plutonium with a long half-life. An 'interim storage' step is needed to manage the high radioactivity and heat emitted by nuclides until permanent-disposal. In the case of Korea, there is no space to dispose of high-level radioactive waste after use, so there is a need for a period of time using interim storage. Therefore, the intensity of neutrons and gamma-ray must be determined to ensure the integrity of spent nuclear fuel during interim storage. In particular, the most important thing in spent nuclear fuel is burnup evaluation, estimation of the source term of neutrons and gamma-ray is regarded as a reference measurement of the burnup evaluation. In this study, an analysis of spent nuclear fuel was conducted by setting up a virtual fuel burnup case based on CE16×16 fuel to check the total amount and spectrum of neutron, gamma radiation produced. The correlation between BU (burnup), IE (enrichment), and CT (cooling time) will be identified through spent nuclear fuel burnup calculation. In addition, the composition of nuclide inventory, actinide and fission products can be identified.