• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2000

포장과 실내실험에서 cyfluthrin의 토양 중 반감기에 큰 차이를 나게 하는데 영향을 끼치는 환경요인들을 구명하고자 여러 가지 환경조건에서의 분해와 이동실험을 수행하였다. 미생물 유무, 온도 및 광도의 차이에 따른 분해실험결과에 의해 회귀식에서 구한 cyfluthrin의 분해반감기는 살균토양에서보다 비살균토양에서 1.9배, $15^{\circ}C$에서보다 $25^{\circ}C$에서 1.2배정도 짧았고, 100%차광(암조건)에서 무차광(자연광조건)으로 갈수록 61.4일에서 4.5일로 짧아졌다. 휘발조건에서의 분해반감기는 11.8일이었고 비휘발조건에서는 23.8일로 휘발 유 무에 따라서 차이가 있었다. Cyfluthrin의 표준품과 제품의 분해반감기는 포장에서 각각 15일과 1일이었고, 실내실험에서는 각각 26일과 3일로 포장에서나 실내실험에서 모두 제품이 표준품보다 짧았다. 수분함량의 차이에 따른 분해반감기는 포장용수량의 55% 수분함량에서 28.5일이었고, 포장용수량에서는 2.9일이었으며 전반적으로 수분함량이 많을 수록 짧아졌다. 수용액 pH의 차이에 따른 분해반감기는 산성용액에서보다 알칼리용액에서 짧았으나, 포장실험 토양 pH 6.4와 실내실험 토양 pH 5.6에서의 분해반감기는 차이가 없었다. 약제처리후 강우량과 강우시간별 용탈실험에서는 초기 표면처리량의 $81{\sim}94%$ 정도가 토양 컬럼 2cm이내의 층에 존재한 것으로 보아 용탈에 의한 이동은 적었다. 이상의 결과, cyfluthrin의 포장과 실내실험에서 반감기의 현저한 차이에 가장 큰 영향을 끼친 환경요인으로는 토양수분, 광 및 제형이었고, 다음으로는 토양미생물, 휘산이었으며, 온도, pH, 약제처리후 강우량 및 강우시간은 거의 영향이 없는 것으로 판단된다.5.88%로 높은 활성을 나타내었다. S. typhimurium TA98에 대하여 변이원 4-NQO와 NPD에 대한 항돌연변이 활성은 S. typhimurium TA100과 마찬가지로 숙성 기간이 길어질수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 4-NQO와 NPD에 대한 항돌연변이 활성은 표고버섯을 10% 첨가시 각각 54.59%와 55.00%로 높은 활성을 나타내었다.s megaterium의 특징과 일치하였다. 그러나, 균체 지방산은 Paenibacillus marcerans의 균종과 유사하여 B16은 더 자세한 동정방법과 분류체계를 통해 명확한 동정이 필요하리라 사료되었다. 따라서 B16은 잠정적으로 Bacillus megaterium B16이라 명명하였다.X>$GDL+CaSO_4$ 첨가구는 0.3%에서, 그리고 $Ca-gluconate+CaSO_4$ 첨가구는 0.4%에서 높게 나타났으며 그 중 0.3% $GDL+CaSO_4$ 첨가구가 적당한 경도를 가지면서도 부드럽고 고소한 맛이 강하여 가장 높은 기호도를 나타내었다.cids은 $190^{\circ}C$까지는 $2.51{\sim}4.41$ ppm으로 거의 변화를 보이지 않다가 $210^{\circ}C$에서 18.92 ppm으로 급증하였고, 이후 $220^{\circ}C$에서 7.20ppm, $230^{\circ}C$에서 5.56 ppm으로 점진적으로 감소하였다. 이는 nonanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid등이 고온가열에 의해 생성되었다가 이들이 열분해로 소실되었기 때문으로 생각된다.평균치는 34점이었으며 여윔에서는 너무 살찜으로 갈수록 사회적 체형불안도가 상승하는 경향을

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

Research on Seokgok(石谷), Lee Gyu Jun(李圭晙, 1855~1923)'s thought and medicine was progressed from various angles. There is no research on Chinese poem(漢詩) accounting for the half of his collection of literary works, "Seokgoksango(石谷散稿)" yet. Hence, the article reviewed concerns on his life and what life he lived as a Confusion(儒家) writer through his Chinese poem. Should read "Seokgoksango", Seokgok's spiritual orientation and attitude to life were found to have its core in the Confusion(儒家的), especially ethical(道學的) aspect. Seokgok's Chinese poem materialized his spiritual composition more, able to access up to general emotional state, representing concerns and frustration of intellectuals in the latter era of the Choson Dynasty. Anxiety consciousness(憂患) of patriotism and love of the people which traditional intellectuals implicated enough at the turbulent era of early modern time appeared strongly in his works. Also works seeking for devotion(歸依) toward the clean world(淸明世界) staring at the corrupt world losing the national sovereignty at the same time and the expansion(擴散) was able to be found many. The latter half of the 19th century and the early 20th century when Seokgok lived was the period of changeover in the history of civilization called intersection between traditional era and modern times. His Chinese poem showed traditional intellectuals' anxiety, frustration, conflict, and hope based on such times. Along with the status of an Oriental, medical doctor and thinker, up to discussion on the quality of a writer, the intensified research on him is expected.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1218-1223
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• 2019

HVDC 시스템에서 풀-브리지 서브 모듈 구조는 하프브리지 서브 모듈에 비해 부품 수가 증가하지만 100 % 여유율 확보가 가능하여 고장률을 크게 줄일 수 있다. 그러나 풀-브리지 서브 모듈은 여유율 보장과 암(arm) 단락 방지를 위한 데드 타임(dead-time)을 확보하기 위해 복잡한 제어 알고리즘이 필요하다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 풀-브리지 서브 모듈과 동일한 부품 수와 100 % 여유율을 갖는 병렬 하프브리지 구성의 고장률을 분석한다. 기존의 부품 고장 분석에 고장나무분석 방법을 적용하여 서브 모듈의 동작 위험을 반영함으로써 서브 모듈의 수명주기를 보다 정확하게 예측할 수 있다. 병렬 하프브리지 서브모듈의 타당성 검증을 위해 FTA 기반 분석 방법과 기존의 PCA 기반 방법으로 분석된 고장률을 비교한다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.853-859
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• 2001

A pulsed tracer gas technique is applied to measure distributions of local mean age and residual life time of air in a half-scale experimental chamber. The room airflow patterns are flow-visualized by a Helium bubble generator for three different exhaust locations. A supply slot is located at the top of a right wall, and an exhaust slot is either at bottom-left(Case 1), bottom-right(Case 2), or top-left(Case 3) location. Results show that the distribution of LMA and LMR are different from each other, but both of them are closely related to the airflow pattern in the space. Results on overall room ventilation effectiveness are provided depending upon ventilation airflow rates for three different supply-exhaust configurations.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.294-303
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• 2011

Purpose: This study aimed to describe bladder dysfunction in elderly women such as frequency, nocturia, and residual urine. Methods: One hundred elderly women aged 60 and over. The Bristol Female Lower Urinary Symptoms (BFLUT) was used to evaluate the bladder function and to measure the residual urine amount by using a bladder scanner. Data was analyzed with the differences between voiding dysfunction by age group and life habits by t-test, ANOVA and correlation by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: the mean daytime frequency was 6.8 times and night-time frequency 2.7 times. Sixty three percent of subjects had urgency and 41% had urgent incontinence. Over half of subjects had problem in voiding function. There were significant differences in frequency by age groups and constipation, but not in daytime frequency and residual urine. Lastly, there were significant positive relations between daytime frequency and night-time frequency. Also results indicate that more frequency in daytime equaled to a less residual urine amount. Conclusion: We know many elderly women have lower urinary tract symptoms. Specially women over 75 years have more daytime frequency and night-time frequency. This suggests further research needed in order to understand the relation of voiding patterns and life habits and its influence on quality of life.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1639-1645
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• 2016

We investigated marinade absorption and physicochemical characteristics of vacuum-aged duck breasts that were halved and individually vacuum-packed for chiller aging at $4^{\circ}C$ for 14 d. One half was marinated for 0, 7, or 14 d, while the second half was used as a control. Marinade absorption, cooking loss, cooking yield, texture profile, pH, color, protein solubility, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were evaluated, and protein sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed. Marinade absorption and pH did not vary significantly after 14 d of aging. Marination increased the pH, color ($a^*$ and $b^*$) values, and cooking yield and reduced cooking loss. TBARS values significantly increased with aging time, but were significantly reduced by marination. Myofibril and total protein solubility increased with aging and marination, while SDS-PAGE showed protein degradation. Hence, aging and marination can be used simultaneously to improve physicochemical quality and cooking yield of vacuum-aged duck breast.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.98-108
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• 2012

일시에 수확하는 엽채류 중 시금치, 얼갈이배추, 비타민채 및 청경채에 대한 살균제 boscalid와 fludioxonil의 잔류 특성을 조사하였다. 수확일을 기준으로 각각 1주일 간격으로 2회 살포한 후 수확당일, 수확 2일전, 수확 5일전 및 수확 7일전에 시료를 수거하여 잔류량을 조사하였다. 수확당일의 잔류량을 기초하여 작물 중 농약살포액의 부착량을 환산한 결과 boscalid의 경우 시금치에서 253.9 mL/kg, 그리고 얼갈이배추, 비타민채 및 청경채에서는 각각 83.0, 97.8 및 88.3 mL/kg으로 조사되어 시금치에서 가장 많이 살포액이 부착되는 것으로 나타났다. Fludioxonil의 경우도 시금치 157.6 mL/kg, 얼갈이배추 67.6, 비타민채 64.8 그리고 청경채에서 66.6 mL/kg의 부착량을 나타내어 시금치에서 가장 높은 살포액 부착량을 나타내었다. 각 작물에서 boscalid와 fludioxonil의 생육기간 중 농약의 분해소실 정도를 조사한 결과 boscalid의 경우 시금치에서 분해반감기가 5.9일, 얼갈이배추 7.4일, 비타민채 4.6일, 청경채 4.3일로서 얼갈이배추에서 분해 반감기가 가장 길었으며, fludioxonil의 경우에서도 시금치 3.0일, 얼갈이배추 4.0일, 비타민채 3.2일, 청경채 3.5일로 얼갈이배추에서 분해반감기가 가장 길었다. 두 농약의 잔류특성이 비교되었을 때 농약살포 후 살포액의 부착량과 작물생육기간 중 농약의 분해반감기는 fludioxonil 보다 boscalid이 더 많거나 긴 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2001

Acebutolol (ABT) is almost absorbed after oral administration, but its bioavailability is reduced because of considerable first-pass metabolism in the gastrointestine and liver. The purpose of this study was to report the pharmacokinetic changes of ABT and its metabolite, diacetolol (DAT) after oral administration of acebutolol to control rabbits and rabbits with mild and severe folate-induced renal failure (FIRRs). Both of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve $(AUC^0_{\infty})$ of ABT and DAT were significantly increased in mild (p<0.05) and severe FIRRs (p<0.01), but the $AUC^0_{\infty}$ of DAT was more influenced than that of ABT in severe rabbits. There was a good correlation between serum creatinine and both of $AUC^0_{\infty}$ of ABT and DAT. The elimination half-life of ABT and DAT was significantly prolonged in mild (p<0.05) and severe (p<0.01) FIRRs, but the half-life of DAT was more influenced than that of ABT in severe FIRRs. The results suggest that the dosage of acebutolol should be adjusted according to the degree of renal disorder on the base of the serum creatinine concentration.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2003년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.21-24
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• 2003

The understanding of the mechanism of device degradation has been accomplished recently, for devices using $AlQ_3$ electron transport and emitter molecule. In this presentation the experimental evidence for the degradation mechanism of $AlQ_3$ based devices will be reviewed, showing that the hypothesis of an unstable $AlQ_3^+$ cation explains a large amount of experimental data. This hypothesis, however, explains not only the room temperature device degradation in time but also sheds light on temperature stability of OLEDs. Dependence of half-life of a series of devices with an emitter layer composed of a mixture of $AlQ_3$ and different hole transport molecules (mixed emitter layer) will be discussed when they are operated at elevated temperatures. These results can also be explained in the framework of an unstable $AlQ_3^+$ species. An OLED structure containing a doped mixed emitter layer will be described, which shows extraordinary stability, half-life of 1200 hours at operating temperature of 70 C and initial luminance of 1650 $cd/m^2$. We will also discuss a novel Black $Cathode^{TM}$ OLED with reduced optical reflectivity, which is also stable at elevated temperatures. The new cathode utilizes a conductive light-absorbing layer made of a mixture of metals and organic materials.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.81-85
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• 1997

Ceramide has been suggested as an important mediator of the effects of extracellular agonists on cell growth inhibition, differentiation, apoptosis. However the biochemical sign aling mechanism involved in transducing the effects of ceramide on leukemia cell differentiation is still unclear. In these respects, we examined the regulatory effects of ceramide on c-jun gene expression during differentiation. In U-937 cells. ceramide increased c-jun mRNA levels in a time-dependent manner. The half life, of c-jun mRNA was 30 min. In contrast, inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide in the absence, of transcription with actinomycin D increased the half-life of c-jun mRNA in ceramide-treated U-937 cells to more than 90 min. In order to examine whether ceramide-inhibited c-jun gene expression is regulated through ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP), a direct target for the action of ceramide, okadaic acid were treated to the cells. Okadaic acid inhibited enhancement of c-jun mRNA induced by C2-ceramide in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that ceramide increases c-jun mRNA level during differentiation in U-937 cells and regulates the gene expression on posttranscriptional level. In addition, we provide the evidence that CAPP is involved in ceramide-induced c-jun gene expression in U-937 cells.