• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2021

Objectives: This study evaluated the skin permeability of lawsone in henna hair dyes to understand the exposure characteristics of henna hair dyes in the human body. It examined the protective effects of protectants by applying protectants A, B, and C to test skin. Methods: Skin absorption tests were conducted using Franz diffusion cells according to OECD test guideline 428. After applying one kind of natural henna hair dye and chemical henna hair dye, respectively, to a standardized pig skin model, samples of receptor fluid were collected at 1h, 3h, 6h, and 24h. The skin permeation of lawsone was determined using HPLC. After the skin absorption experiment, the skin to which hair dye was applied was analyzed to determine the residual amount of lawsone in the skin. Results: The cumulative permeation of both natural and chemical henna hair dyes increased over time, and the natural henna hair dye had a flux value (t=3.194, p<.05) high both in the K_p value (t=3.207, p<.05) and the residual amount (t=22.701, p<.001). For skin treated with a protectant, the cumulative permeation of natural henna hair dye 24h control and the cumulative permeation of protectant A, B, and C increased over time. Flux and K_p values were in the order control > protectant A > protectant C > protectant B. The residual amount (F=4.469, p<.05) was in the order of protectant C > protectant A > protectant B > control. At 3h, the dye application time of natural henna hair dye, the lawsone flux value (F=4.454, p<.05) and K_p value (F=4.455, p<.05) were higher in the control group than in the protectant groups. The 24h cumulative permeation of the chemical henna hair dye increased with time in both the control and the protectant groups, and the flux and K_p values were in the order of protectant A > protectant C > protectant B > control. The residual amount (F=7.901, p<.01) was in the order of protectant B > protectant A> protectant C > control. Conclusions: Within the normal dyeing time for henna hair dye (three hours for natural henna hair dyes and 30 minutes for chemical henna hair dyes) lawsone skin penetration was not observed even when no protective agent was applied. After that time, however, evidence of skin penetration and retention of lawsone and the protective effect of protective agents were observed.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.245-252
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• 2003

There have been many kinds of hair styling sprays with various setting effects. Consumers have used strong setting effect hair sprays to get a long lasting hold. In recent years, however, more and more consumers have come to prefer a "soft ＆ natural" touch feeling, keeping the same long lasting hold. Nonetheless, the existing approaches to this feature could not respond to the consumers′ needs, since products lose the hold strength if the soft feeling is pursued, and vice versa. We have researched and developed a new products to attain a compatible feature with both long lasting hold and natural feeling. Then, we have developed a new multifunctional hair styling material "Poly Amino Acid Derivative (PAAD)." We have focused on the PAAD′s feature that highly diffuses onto a hair and makes thin and even layer on a hair, and have made trials and errors to improve holding strength. "P AAD" excellently makes hair memorize its curl shape which is as the same effect as existing ordinary acrylic resin. Further more, it leaves a soft and natural touch feeling on the hair. We have accomplished a new Poly Amino Acid Derivative with ambivalent features, "soft ＆ natural finish" and "long lasting hold ", and now we report about it.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 1988

This study was carried out to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metal in hair of the inhabitants of Jeon-Ju industrial area. The major findings of this study are as follows 1. The average content of lead in hair of the inhabitants of Jeon-Ju industrial area was 15.06$\pm$ 4.06 ppm and the content of lead of driver's hair showed higher than that of house wives and students, and showed significance statistically ( P < 0.05). 2. The average content of cadmium by occupation in hair of inhabitants of Jeon-Ju industrial area was 0.76$\pm$ 0.21 ~ 0.52$\pm$ 0.16 ppm and the cadmium concentration in hair of driver's showed the highest level among occupations and showed significance statistically (P < 0.05). 3. Lead and cadmium contents in the hair of the inhabitants of Jeon-Ju industrial area showed higher than that of control area residents and showed significance statistically ( P < 0.05 ). 4. The contents between lead and codmium in hair of Jeon-Ju industrial area residents revealed high degree of correlation ( r = 0.7938).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.2 s.8
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• pp.15-21
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• 2006

In this research, I chose and studied colorless hair manicure, which is well known for its useful point and supplement damaged hair glossy, luster, elastic and soft one. Also I studied and found hair protection effect by the management time of colorless hair manicure products, as below. Both level 3 and level 6 hairs, when they get damaged after dyeing, both hairs' strength and enlargement are affected. Manicuring two weeks after dyeing is more effective way than manicuring right after dyeing. So, in case of making good hair quality in manicuring dyed hair, it's more effective to manicure right after dyeing to both level 3 and level 6 hair. To complement hair's damage, however, manicuring two weeks after dyeing is the best effective way.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.129-144
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of hair-style(straight and wave), hair-length(short, medium and iong), and type of hat design(no-hat, beret, cloche, bowler and capeline) on the impressions of hat's wearer . The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales(7-point scale semantic). Thirty stimuli color pictures of various combination of hair length, hair style, and type of hat design were manipulated by computer drawing. The subjects were 360 undergraduate students in Seoul, Kyunggi and Kyungnam. The result of this study can be summarized as follows; Impression factor of the stimulus consisted of the 5 different dimensions (attractiveness, gracefulness, brightness, visibilty, cuteness). Each impression of type of hat design, along with hair-style, hair-length had significant effects on gracefulness, visibilty and cuteness. Each impression of hair-style, hair-length, along with type of hat design had significant effects on gracefulness, brightness, visibilty and cuteness. Thus type of hat design, hair-style and hair-length have a significant influence on the impression evaluation of hat's wearer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.183-184
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• 2005

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.117-129
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• 2013

Background: This study was carried out for the purpose of comprehensively evaluating the mercury exposure level of residents in several areas and the correlation between hair mercury concentration and blood mercury concentration. Method: One thousand one hundred ninety seven subjects were sampled from 30 sites using random assignment sampling. We performed a questionnaire survey and measured the level of total mercury in hair and blood samples from all subjects. Results: The geometric mean concentrations of hair and blood mercury in all subjects were 1.27 mg/kg [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-1.32 mg/kg] and 5.24 ${\mu}g/L$ [95% CI: 5.07-5.41 ${\mu}g/L$], respectively. Male (1.56 mg/kg in hair, 6.00 ${\mu}g/L$ in blood) was significantly higher than that of female (1.03 mg/kg in hair, 4.56 ${\mu}g/L$ in blood), and the concentrations were elevated as age increased up to the 50s. Education, smoking, alcohol drinking, and using of pesticides were also shown to influence mercury concentrations in hair and blood. The ratio of hair/ blood mercury concentration was 261.3. The total mercury concentration in hair was identified to be significantly related with total mercury concentration in blood (r=0.814, p<0.001). Conclusion: The geometric mean concentrations of hair and blood mercury were higher than the levels provided in international recommendations. The total mercury concentration in hair was positively correlated with the concentration in blood. The results of this study suggest that hair mercury be considered as a useful tool for the evaluation of mercury exposure.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1100-1116
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• 1995

Nutritional and health status was assessed in the 86 healthy elderly women who aged 65 through 96 and resided in nursing home in chonbuk area. Nutritional status was determined by dietary intake, anthropometric and hematological indices and hair elements. Correlation analysis among nutritional indices were performed to identify the factors which related specifically to nutritional status of the elderly. Nutrients intake below two-thirds of the RDA were Ca, riboflavin and niacin. Especially mean Ca intake was only 51.9% of RDA and most of nutrients intake were decreased as theri age increased. Height, body weight and mid upper arm circumference were decreased with age but W/H ratio did not differ among age groups. These data suggested that body fat accumulation did not change with age but lean body mass was decreased with age in the elderly. Waist circumference was positively correlated to dietary fat intake, and body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences and total body fat were positively correlated with serum LDC/HDL ratio. It could be concluded anthropometric indices were good indicator that reflect the lipid nutritional status in elderly women. Hematological indices, Hb, RBC, MCH, albumin, globulin, transferrin levels, belonged to normal ranges of aged women. However, the lowest Hb level showed in the oldest-old group(aged 85 and over years group). The avalilavilty of hair analysis to measure nutritional status was tested. There were not found any significant correlations between many kinds of nutritional indices and hair elements except hair Zn content which was positively correlated with BMI.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.3 s.43
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• pp.347-358
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the blood pressure level and their sexual maturity and physical growth in the children at puberty. For this purpose, we estimated the blood pressure, physical growth and sexual maturity of the boys of 335 and girls of 373 who are in the middle schools which are located in Kangwha County, Kyungki-Do. Both systolic and diastolic pressure were measured twice. Such physical growth as height, body weight, skin fold thickness, waist circumference, hip circumference and arm circumference were measured. The sexual maturity was estimated according to the classification of Tanner's 5-phase-sexual-maturity : in boys, their pubic hair development phase : in girls, their pubic hair and breast development phase and the menstrual experience. In the phase of the pubic hair development, the boy's sexual maturity was distributed into this; the 1 st 56.4%, the 2nd 29.3%, the 3rd 9.9%, the 4th 4.1% and the 5th 0.3%. While the girls sexual maturity was distributed into this the 1st 20.5%, the 2nd 34.9%, the 3rd 30.6% the 4th 12.6% and the 5th 1.3% in the phase of the pubic hair development, and the 1st 0.8%, the 2nd 13.7%, the 3rd 36.2%, the 4th 18.8% and the 5th 30.5% in the phase of the breast development. This indicated that the girls sexual maturity was higher than those of the boys. The girls menstrual experience rate accounted to the 58.2%. In order to see the relationship between the children's sexual maturity and blood pressure level, we regress blood pressure level on physical growth (i.e., height, BMI) and sexual maturity. Sexual maturity in treates as dummy variables. As the resulf of this analysis, the boys' sexual maturity has nothing to do with the blood pressure either systolic or diastolic. But the girl's systolic pressure was statistically significant ; the 9% of the physical growth, the 5% of the pubic hair development and the 4% of the breast development in sexual maturity was explained. In the girls' diastolic pressure, only their pubic hair development was statistically significant ; the 7% of the physical growth and the 7% of the pubic hair development in the diastolic was explained and the 5% of the physical growth in the diastolic Korotokoff phase IV and the 2% of the pubic hair development in the diastic Korotokoff phase was explained, especially, the girls exprienced menstruation, their systolic and diastolic pressure were significantly high (P<0.01). Conclusively, in the first grade children attending middle schools who are in the early process of the sexual development, the sexual maturity was not related to blood pressure level, on the other hand, the blood pressure level of the girls who are more sexual development than those of the boys' have something to do with sexual maturity and physical growth.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2013

To identify oxidative hair dyes in hair-coloring products, the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) screening method was used in accordance with Korean Quasi-drug Codex. However, the TLC method is not reliable when there are very small amount of materials to be tested or when $R_f$ values of several components are similar. In this study, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) with a rapid sample preparation method was developed for the reliable and sensitive identification of active components contained in oxidative hair-coloring products. Hexane-distilled water was used for the extraction of active components contained in the products prior to UPLC analysis. The limit of detection of active components was 6.7-77.9 ${\mu}g/L$, and the limit of quantitation was 22.3-259.7 ${\mu}g/L$. Except for ${\alpha}$-naphthol, the range of recovery ratio was 96.2-101.5%. From this study, we demonstrated that oxidative active hair-coloring components can easily be analyzed by rapid extraction method followed by UPLC analysis.