• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1237-1243
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• 2002

We have developed a reliable and noninvasive method for swine genotyping of single locus nuclear gene with aged single hair follicles delivered by general mail. The method is based on booster and nested PCR amplification with step-wise increase of primers and dNTPs concentrations followed by restriction endonuclease digestion. To establish this method, the ryanodine receptor (RYR 1) locus which is an economically important trait in swine industry was employed for genotyping experiment. The 3-step PCR amplication method is much less dependent on the quantity and quality of template DNA and produces enough amplification product for the detection on the ethidium bromide-stained gel such as RFLP analysis. A total of 120 pigs were subjected to the RYR 1 genotyping analysis using three-step PCR method which amplified enough quantity of PCR products from the aged single hair follicles for RFLP analysis and genotyping results were identical to the results of the corresponding ethanol-fixed skeletal muscle tissue. This approach will be a great help for porcine breeders and investigators in genotyping of swine. They can receive genotyping results later by simply plucking single hairs of their pigs at farm and sending them in general mail to the diagnostic laboratory which eliminates the inconveniences to collect ear tissue or blood cells from pigs, or the investigator's need for travel to farms in order to collect fresh hair samples.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2002

Female university students generally have a lower intake of nutrition compared to other age groups due to their adverse interests in their appearance. Drinking, smoking, too much weight control, accumulation of psychological and physical stress are causes of inadequate diet. The result is deterioration of hair health. Establishment of good diet and hair care is the foundation of a healthy hair in adulthood. For this reason, there is a great need for a healthy hair care. The data from a questionnaire survey was analyzed with 800 female undergraduate students responding. Seventeen universities were included in the study, 8 of which were from Seoul, 6 from other large cities and 3 from smaller towns. The objective of this study is to investigate the correlations of these factors and to provide preliminary data for developing an effective hair care education program. Results include the following: 1. Knowledge score of hair care based on general characteristics were higher for students in larger cites compare to small cites or regions. Also, students in higher academic year, more allowance, interest in their apparence and family income showed higher knowledge in this field. These factors had meaningful effect on the statistics of this study. 2. Attitude score towards hair care based on general characteristics were higher for students in larger cites compare to small cites or regions. Also, students in higher academic year, more allowance, interest in their apparence and family income showed higher knowledge in this field. These factors had meaningful effect on the statistics of this study. 3. Behavior score towards hair care was higher for students with greater family income, allowance, interest in appearance. These factors had meaningful effect on the statistics of this study. 4. The correlation study between knowledge, attitude and behavior showed that higher the knowledge and attitude, better the behavior. 5. The analysis of factors effecting hair care behavior showed that interest in health, acknowledgement of current hair condition, total family income were a viable factor in predicting hair care behavior. The predictability of regression model is 38.9 %($R^2$) Therefore, in order to maximize the hair care behavior, consistent and systematic study should be earned out to develope an effective education program to improve health interest.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the hair protection effect of fermented black soybean extracts. The morphological characteristics, tensile strength and constitutional changes of the hair were analyzed and compared when the hair was chemically oxidized and then treated with fermented black soybean extract. As a result, treatment of oxidizing agent on virgin hair caused damage on the cuticle layer of the epidermis and decreased in tensile strength of hair from $14.32{\pm}0.83g/cm^2$ to $12.32{\pm}0.79g/cm^2$. FT-IR analysis showed the peaks at 1,077, 1,041, and $801cm^{-1}$ of the hair treated with oxidizing agent were increased compared to peak values of virgin hair, indicating that cystein in hair was decreased which is crucial to disulfide bond between keratin. On the other hand, when the damaged hair is treated with the fermented black soybean extract, cracks in the cuticle layer of the epidermis were filled, tensile strength was restored to $14.27{\pm}0.96g/cm^2$ and the ratio of oxidized cysteine in hair was decreased. These results suggest that the fermented black soybean extract is worthy of further investigation as a protective material for hair damaged by oxidizing agents.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2016

This study was carried out with a view to increasing the tensile strength of sand soil and examined the characteristics of the tensile strength of sand soil reinforced by hair fiber which is environmentally friendly. The study investigated the change of the tensile strength and the stress-strain relationship varying the length of hair fiber, the amount of hair fiber, the amount of cement, and curing days. The test results indicated that the tensile strength increased significantly with hair fiber mixed. In addition, the sand soil mixed with hair fiber had larger displacement at failure. Based on the test results, it is appeared that the environmentally friendly hair fiber could be utilized practically to increase the tensile strength of sand soil in the future.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2014

Micro needle roller therapy has been used for cosmetic purposes, such as reducing skin winkles and improving elasticity of skin. It is claimed that micro needle roller therapy has potentials for connective tissue regeneration by facilitating collagen synthesis. Therefore, there seems to be a possibility that connective tissue regenerating potential of micro needle roller therapy could influence the hair growth cycle. This study, we investigated the hair growth-promoting effects of micro needle roller therapy. C57BL/6 mice were devided into three groups as follows: normal saline-treated, minoxidil-treated, and micro needle roller therapy-received group. Hair growth activity was evaluated by handscopic and microscopic observations. Sections of dorsal skin were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Expression of BrdU, FGF, and VEGF was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Micro needle roller therapy enhanced the development of hair follicle during anagen. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that micro neeld roller therapy incresed the expression of BrdU and FGF in the hair follicles of C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, micro needle roller therapy upregulated mRNA expression of VEGFR-2, FGF-2, EGF - growth factors that play a central role in hair follicle development during anagen. These results suggest that Micro needle roller therapy can potentially be used for the treatment of alopecia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2016

Emodin is an anthraquinone derivative from the roots of Rheum officinale Baill that possesses a variety of biological activities, including inhibition of $5{\alpha}$-reductase and prostaglandin D2. In this study, we investigated whether emodin promotes hair growth. After emodin was topically applied to the shaved dorsal skin of telogenic C57BL/6 N mice, the hair growth rate and morphological analysis were evaluated in dorsal skin for 15 days. After 13 days of treatment, minoxidil or emodin (0.01% or 0.1%)-treated groups showed remarkable regrowth of hairs relative to the vehicle control group. Scoring of the hair growth and rate of hair growth area for 15 days revealed that groups treated with minoxidil and 0.1% emodin were significantly higher than the vehicle control group. Histological examination revealed the emodin and minoxidil groups markedly recovered the number and morphology of hair follicles, including the subcutis depth, relative to the vehicle group. These results suggest that emodin has an excellent promoting effect in hair growth similar to that of minoxidil and might be useful for treatment of baldness or alopecia.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.92-99
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• 2019

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pharmacopuncture and dermal application of Sebalgukhwa-san extracts on hair growth in an alopecia mouse model. Methods: Twenty-one C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups; control group-normal saline injection or vehicle solution application, positive control group-minoxidil (MNXD), experimental group-pharmacopuncture and applied Sebalgukhwa-san (SGS) extract. The effects of the treatment on hair growth, were determined through photographs, and phototrichogram analysis by folliscope. Hair follicle morphometry by hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed, and hair growth-related protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin like growth factor-1, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 were monitored by Western blotting. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were measured for liver function test. Results: Body weight increased consistently in all groups. Hair growth was improved in the MNXD and SGS groups compared with the control. Hair density and thickness improved statistically significantly in the MNXD and SGS groups compared with the control p < 0.05. The number of hair follicles improved in the MNXD and SGS groups compared with the control but the size did not. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin like growth factor-1 increased, and there was a decrease in the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the MNXD and SGS groups compared with the control, however, there was no significant difference. Sebalgukhwa-san treatment had no toxicity in liver function tests. Conclusion: Pharmacopuncture and dermal application of Sebalgukhwa-san extract may be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of alopecia.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.440-447
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• 2023

Background: The human hair follicle undergoes cyclic phases-anagen, catagen, and telogen-throughout its lifetime. This cyclic transition has been studied as a target for treating hair loss. Recently, correlation between the inhibition of autophagy and acceleration of the catagen phase in human hair follicles was investigated. However, the role of autophagy in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs), which is involved in the development and growth of hair follicles, is not known. We hypothesized that acceleration of hair catagen phase upon inhibition of autophagy is due to the downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hDPCs, and that components of Panax ginseng extract can increase the autophagic flux in hDPCs. Methods: We generated an autophagy-inhibited condition using 3-methyladenine (3-MA), a specific autophagy inhibitor, and investigated the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling using the luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis. In addition, cells were cotreated with ginsenoside Re and 3-MA and their roles in inhibiting autophagosome formation were investigated. Results: We found that the unstimulated anagen phase dermal papilla region expressed the autophagy marker, LC3. Transcription of Wnt-related genes and nuclear translocation of β-catenin were reduced after treatment of hDPCs with 3-MA. In addition, treatment with the combination of ginsenoside Re and 3-MA changed the Wnt activity and hair cycle by restoring autophagy. Conclusions: Our results suggest that autophagy inhibition in hDPCs accelerates the catagen phase by downregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, ginsenoside Re, which increased autophagy in hDPCs, could be useful for reducing hair loss caused by abnormal inhibition of autophagy.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.210-218
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• 2009

A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of amphetamine derivatives and norketamine in human hair. Preparation of hair involves external decontamination, mechanical pulverization, incubation and extraction prior to instrumental analysis. The samples were derivatized using heptafluorobutyric anhydride, and analyzed by GC-MS/MS. The linear ranges were 0.05-20.0 ng/mg for the analytes except for 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, with good coefficients of determination ($r^2$ >0.998). The intra-day and inter-day precisions were within 10.7% and 8.5%, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day accuracies were between -1.6 and 17.0% and -2.6 and 10.5%, respectively. The limits of detections for each analyte were lower than 0.007 ng/mg, while recoveries were 75.9-100.9%. When the method was applied to hair samples obtained from suspected drug abusers, the concentrations in hair samples were 0.97-19.30 ng/mg for methamphetamine and 0.14-2.56 ng/mg for amphetamine.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.206-213
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• 2007

Recently estimating the uncertainty of an analytical result has become an essential part of quantitative analysis. This study describes the uncertainty of the measurement for the determination of methamphetamine and its major metabolite amphetamine in human hair, The method consists of washing, drying, weighing, incubation and extraction with methanolic HCI solution, clean-up, trifluoroacetyl derivatization, and qualification/quantification of residues by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Traceability of measurement was established through traceable standards and calibrated volumetric equipment and measuring instruments. Measurement uncertainty associated with each analyte in real samples was estimated using quality control (QC) data. The main source of combined standard uncertainty comprised two components, which are uncertainties associated with calibration linearity and variations in QC, while those associated with preparation of analytical standards and sample weighing were not so important considering the degree of contribution. Relative combined standard uncertainties associated with the described method ranged for individual analytes from 4.99 to5.03%.